Introduction
The work contains sections on psychodiagnostics, psychotherapy, social psychology, labor psychology, pathopsychology, psychophysics, defectology, psychology of perception, personality psychology, psychoanalysis, psychology of motives, psychology of thinking, psychology of memory, psychology of emotions, feelings and sensations.
In the work, by means of numerical series, related to terms or concepts used in psychology, methods of standardizing events in the process of eternal human development are given.
In the case where a term denotes a deviation from the norm, then
by means of a numerical series corresponding to this term, a norm is achieved that organizes eternal development in a generally accepted creative direction. If a term denotes a description of a process, then numerical series can be used to use this description in the direction of eternal development.
The process described by means of a numerical series can be applied to ensure eternal development.
The psychology of eternal development is distinguished by the fact that the methods of psychology implement the basic laws of eternal development, which include the immortality of the living, resurrection and ensuring this in the sphere of human life. This psychological aspect, in which the form of finite relations changes to eternal, directs psychology to the organization of this transition and functioning in the implementation of the laws of eternal development.
The psychology of eternal development forms social connections
of society and laws that ensure the real eternal development
of man and humanity.
The methods of standardization in the direction of eternal development are as follows:
1.Numerical series located after a term or concept can be read, mentally pronounced or mentally sung in such a way that you perceive the sound of the melody at some distance from your physical body. The melody of the melody can be any or you can simply know that a melody is being produced, but not perceive any specific melody. The area of your thinking can have a different form of spheroidal structures.
It is advisable to perceive the form of your controlling thought, corresponding to the term, somewhere near your physical body and by an effort of will move this form, or modify it to obtain a result. You can feel and perceive that any form means the result of eternal development.
The methods of the psychology of eternal development allow us to receive events of attainability of eternal development already in the process of learning the technologies of eternal development. When performing actions with such forms, it is necessary to take into account that they can be used for healing and salvation, if you imagine yourself or a person who needs to be healed or saved near them. Imagining
yourself between the specified forms, you rejuvenate yourself.
The more control forms you can hold in your consciousness while using the numerical series of psychological norming, the faster the rejuvenation.
Imagining that the thought forms of eternal development touch
another person, you rejuvenate this person. The transition
from perceiving yourself to perceiving another in the psychology of eternal development can take a certain amount of time, filled with knowledge of a large volume of information, since with eternal development there is a constant increase in the volume of information about the environment.
Therefore, it is necessary to be able to perceive information without stress, having fixed a thought for this.
You can consider a number as a thought - then with such awareness
the numerical series equalizes in your perception the time of your action on perceiving reality with any volume of information.
Such training in obtaining a number from a thought allows you to translate events into a form understandable from the point of view of eternal development.
By concentrating your attention, you can consider which events can be compressed into a number. At the same time, you can realize that
the image of a person cannot be compressed into a number, a person does not correspond to a number.
Such a development of your perception can lead to the thought
that a person is outside of any reality that has finite
properties, that is, a person is eternal. At this point in reasoning,
you need to clearly imagine the number series 888, then 898, then the number 1, the next number 2, and at the number 3, understand that there is an area of information through which you can make reality eternal by means of a number. This reality of eternity originates from a person and, conversely, the eternity of the environment contributes to a person's awareness of his eternity.
This understanding helps to realize that when a person is restored by numerical concentrations, a person changes the World with his will in the direction of eternal development, revealing his original eternal essence, capable of creating an eternal body. Thus, through knowledge obtained using a number, you come to a spiritual state that signifies your eternity. Then from such a spiritual state you can receive similar ones in those cases when you do not use a number.
In logic, from a set of numbers and their combinations, you perceive the sign of infinity, which is separated from a specific number. The symbolic form, defined in the psychology of standardization by means of numbers, allows you to recognize variants of future events leading to eternity in any case. The phase of control forecasting when using numerical series of psychological standardization must coincide with the information of an event that has occurred in the future, all elements of which are eternal.
In the technologies of eternal development, the forms of thoughts can change very quickly or instantly. That is, you can perceive an already changed form, and perceive the primary form later. The principle of constructing human physical matter in the direction of eternal development is also based on the fact that the events of the future time of matter are perceived faster than the events of the past time. The psychological basis of this principle is that in order to implement the internal task of eternal development emanating from the soul, one must be able to control physical matter in the future. In this case, the period of time for making a decision is limited. At the same time, in relation to past information, one can slowly create a direction of special actions with the required time. In relation to future events, it is advisable to carry out standardizing control in advance and, if necessary, correct the situation in real time.
The creator of the action is united by time intervals in the event of the achieved goal. You can similarly - by applying the numerical series of psychological standardization - remember the spiritual state corresponding to the achieved result. Such a spiritual state can be applied in accordance with the term, or generalized for the standardization of events and their direction in the area of eternal development.
For a comprehensive perception that enhances the management of
eternal life, you can read the entire book. Knowledge of the terminology in the field of psychology allows you to evaluate many things from the point of view of established concepts, which simplifies the achievement of objective forms of eternal development and expands the area used for managing understanding, in which you need to strive to understand what is happening in order to achieve factology confirming the possession of the methods of eternal development.
2. If there are gaps in a series of numbers, you can first apply the entire series, and then parts of the series separated by a space, to achieve a result for one goal. You can make short pauses at the places of gaps when mentally pronouncing the numbers of the series. If there are no gaps in the series, then you can, imagining that there is a space between the numbers every three digits, perform the same actions as with series that have gaps.
3. Place the numbers of the series above the numbers of the current date and concentrate on two series at once.
4. By comparing the numerical series corresponding to different terms or concepts, you can determine the relationship and the possibility of mutual correction in the direction of eternal development between different objects and events described in these terms or concepts by the coincidence of the numbers.
5. The numbers of the series can be imagined in such a way that from the image of the number in the palms of the hands, for example, apples appear, and different apples of the same variety correspond to different numbers and their combinations. Then you need to make an effort of will and perceive objective reality, including specific images, through the numbers under your control of eternal development.
6. The rejuvenation process can be done as follows:
6.1. Imagine that the numbers corresponding to one term are located from the shoulder to the wrist of the right hand.
6.2. Imagine that the numbers corresponding to the term following the term described in paragraph 6.1 are on the skin of the left hand.
6.3. Feel how the light flows from the numbers of the left hand to the numbers of the right hand. At the moment this light flows through the area of the chest, perceive how you have resolved for yourself personally and then for everyone around you the psychological aspect of eternal development.
7. Resurrection technologies are brought to mandatory implementation by means of a rapid combination and sorting through in memory
or in visual perception of numerical series corresponding to
various terms and concepts. The main thing in this action is to
keep the main goal in mind and, if possible, not to be distracted from it during a rapid combination of numerical series. Over time,
you can reach such a level of perfection that concentration on the goal in your memory turns it into reality.
8. The principles and practice of non-dying are implemented in the following way:
8.1. The principle of non-dying is considered in connection with
practice and follows the logic of past events. Since your perception always contains information about some event, it can be considered that the principle of eternity is in the event itself, and the practice is in your further thinking. By thus connecting a past event with a possible or psychologically desired future by a numerical series, you obtain a psychological state of being in conscious eternity. You transfer this psychological state to the entire infinite future. When you learn to do this easily enough, then you will have a state that controls eternal development. This state reproduces the property of the spirit that you can attribute to spiritual self-training of eternal life in everyday life.
8.2. For undying, you can imagine before each row that you use, three eights, a nine, and the numbers one and nine, written in words.
9. You can improve your health by adding after the numerical series of psychological standardization that you use the numbers 319 and the numbers of the current date, arranged in the order: year, month, day.
_P_
PAGIS 219401 61914 – a type of masochism in which the sub-
ect experiences sexual satisfaction when performing a role with
low social status - the role of "page".
MEMORY 319 061 988 18 – cognitive processes – processes
the functions of memorization, organization, storage, retrieval and
experiences gained, allowing for reuse
to use it in activity or return it to the sphere of consciousness. Memory connects the subject's past with his present and future and is the most important cognitive function underlying development and learning.
MEMORY: CLASSIFICATION 19884 18 61402 – conducted
is carried out according to the characteristic features of the mnemonic process
, ensuring the preservation and restoration of previously sand-
of the “material” experienced and perceived by the subject. These features
sties are determined by the corresponding characteristics of the activity
mnemonic, associated with various mechanisms of memorization
ation, temporary indicators of retention “in safety” and kha-
characteristics of the material being preserved.
Based on the nature of the material being remembered, memory can be divided into
visual, auditory and tactile.
MEMORY: MECHANISMPHYSIOLOGICAL
319 061 914 18 – constructs designed to explain processes
memory from a physiological standpoint.
MEMORY:MODELTHREE-COMPONENT
061 988 18 914 – a concept in which the memory structure is
is made up of three components – blocks that work together
we:
1) sensory register block – where information is stored
no more than a second almost in full, in the form of a modal
coded physical features of the perceived stimulus
complex;
2) short-term storage block - where the volume
the amount of information stored in the verbal-acoustic code is small, and
The storage duration is about 30 seconds, due to the pro-
3) a long-term storage block - where the volume and storage time are not limited, and the information is presented in the form of semantic codes.
MEMORY: VOLUME 988 17919 148 – characteristic of quantity
of material available for reproduction after the expiration of
some time after its assimilation.
MEMORY:DIFFERENCEINDIVIDUAL
319 061 984 216 – predominantly expressed in an individual
one or more types of memory in which the material is better
is remembered and restored better.
MEMORY: DISORDER 1 981 14806 - deterioration or
loss of the ability to remember, store, recognize, or reproduce
to enter information. Such disorders are especially common
memory disorders such as amnesia and hypomnesia.
MEMORY:MODAL DISORDER
NON-SPECIFIC 319 061 419 3102 – general disorders
memory, manifested in the incomplete preservation of traces of events
actions of various modalities.
MEMORY:MODAL DISORDER
SPECIFIC 481 319 061 519 4 – frequent disturbances of the
blemishes that only appear when saving and playing back
information of a certain modality. They arise when there is damage to
of the cortical zones of the analyzers, when an increase occurs
inhibition of memory traces due to interfering effects
effects. Disorders of acoustic memory, auditory perception,
visual-spatial, motor.
MEMORY: SYSTEMIC DISORDER
SPECIFIC 319 061 944 13 – memory impairment, learning
caught by damage to the speech zones of the brain, due to which
it becomes impossible to organize the information to be remembered
tions through the semantic system of language.
BUFFER MEMORY 61 9898 18 487 – short-term memory
a temporary one in which information storage is provided by
cyclical nature of the information processing process (repetition of memories)
mined information, scanning).
GENETIC MEMORY 319 061 988 1895 – memory,
determined by the genotype and transmitted through generations.
LONG-TERM MEMORY 319 041 9818 18 – sub-
memory system that provides long-term - from hours to
decades – retention of knowledge, preservation of skills and abilities;
It is characterized by a huge volume of stored information. Physio-
logically associated with a change in the structure of the protein ribonuclear
kleinic acids. The main mechanism for entering data into memory
long-term and their fixation is usually considered repetition,
implemented at the level of short-term memory.
MEMORY ICONIC 18 9848 394 614 – sensory
a copy of the information presented to the observer visually
very short time (up to 100 ms), which:
1) has a large capacity;
2) fades quickly over time (about 0.25 s);
3) works with sensor code;
4) is not consciously controlled;
5) depends on the physical characteristics of the stimulus.
transfers information into short-term memory.
COGNITIVE MEMORY 89 18 519 614 044 1 – process
knowledge retention. The knowledge gained during training is perceived
are first taken as something external to the individual, but
then gradually turn into experience and beliefs.
SHORT-TERM MEMORY 319 061 898 6149 (memory
short-term) - a memory subsystem that provides operational
retention and transformation of data coming from the organ-
new feelings and from long-term memory. Physiologically related
is connected with bioelectrical oscillation circuits in the system
nervous. A necessary condition for transferring material from memory
sensory into short-term memory - paying attention to it
mania.
SHORT-TERM MEMORY: STORAGE TIME
319 061 93451 (short-term memory storage time) – in-
the period of time during which the trace of the received information
mations can be restored from short-term memory and used
call.
MEMORY SHORT-TERM:VOLUME
319 061 981742101 – characterizes the maximum number
elements that can be reproduced without errors - immediately or
within a few seconds of their presentation.
INSTANT MEMORY 8818 488 314618 – memory, pre-
intended for very short-term preservation of traces
sensory perceptions. As a rule, it operates only during
perception.
MEMORY IMAGE 319 061 9149 64 – is divided into
visual, auditory and motor memory. Their level of development
development of an individual is not the same, and this allows us to talk about transformation
possession of one of these types of memory.
RAM MEMORY 319061 488 14 – memory type,
designed to store information for a certain period of time
the time required to perform some action or operation
radios. It differs from short-term memory in that it is directly
is fundamentally included in the regulation of activities to retain
its intermediate results. It involves the perception of the object-
at the time of the action, short-term retention in
memory of the image and the entire situation, as well as their changes. At the same time
memory data coming from perception, respectively, to be solved
The task is supplemented by data stored in long-term memory.
exchange.
SENSORY MEMORY 3179 0618 91 18 (echo memory)
(skaya) is a hypothetical memory subsystem that provides
retention for a very short time (usually less than one second) of the products of sensory processing of information entering the sense organs. Depending on the type of stimuli
differentiate: 1) iconic memory – vision; 2) echoic memory –
skaya - hearing, etc.
EIDETIC MEMORY 1319 0618 988 171 – type of memory
visual, characteristic ability to clearly, accurately and in detail-
but, without difficulty, remember and restore the images of the viewer-
seen for quite a long time.
EMOTIONAL MEMORY 61 988 184 161 – preserved
consciousness of experiences and feelings. Impressionability and
responsiveness is a prerequisite for the development of communicative skills
character traits. Emotional memory is a prerequisite
development of the capacity for empathy and compassion. It is the basis
mastery in a number of professions, including teaching and artist.
PANIC 489314 81961 - as opposed to mass panic (as
alarming phenomena or mass phenomena) is considered
as an individual phenomenon, but similar in manifestations. Expression
is overcome with feelings of anxiety, fear, and chaotic movements
and ill-considered actions. In pathological cases,
occurs without any real reason.
MASS PANIC 189314 31961 – a mass phenomenon
noe, one of the types of crowd behavior. Psychologically characteristic
the appearance simultaneously in many people who are in con-
tact, feelings of anxiety, chaotic movements and thoughtless
actions, a state of mass fear of real or
an imaginary danger that grows in the course of mutual
infection and blocks the ability to rationally assess the situation.
innovations, mobilization of will and organization of joint counter-
actions.
PANPSYCHISM 319 916 81814 – theory in natural science,
according to which all nature is endowed with a soul, including non-
alive.
PANTOMIME 521641 31914 – expressive movements
individual (changes in gait, posture, gestures), through
which a message is transmitted about his mental state or
experiences. Little controlled by consciousness. The most informa-
the mative means of pantomime are gestures, with the help of
which complement the speech message.
PARABIOSIS 918417 618 14 – functional changes in
nerve after exposure to strong and prolonged irritants
ley. If normal conditions are characterized by direct and relative
a positively proportional relationship between the force applied to
the nerve of the induction current and the magnitude of muscle contraction, then,
for example, when a nerve is affected by a drug or poison, force
muscle contraction to test stimuli of varying strength equalizes after some time - due to a decrease in the magnitude of responses to strong stimuli (equalizing stage). With further exposure to harmful factors, a paradoxical stage develops: with a general decrease in muscle responses, they become smaller, the greater the strength or frequency of the induction current causing muscle contraction. At the next stage - the inhibitory stage - muscle contractions stop completely.
PARADIAGNOSIS 519 614 319814 – setting up media-
Qing diagnosis without contact with the patient through perception
tia extrasensory. In the conditions of eternal development, the direction
for spiritual guidance and provision of advice on
ensuring eternal life.
PARADIGM 298 714 31918 – a system of basic scientific
achievements – theories, methods – on the model of which the organization
the research practice of scientists in this field of knowledge
(discipline) in a certain historical period.
PARADOX 219314 899 61 – 1. An opinion or judgment, sharply
diverging from what is generally accepted or "obvious", contradictory
consistent with common sense (sometimes only at first glance). 2. For-
a logical contradiction that arises when maintaining
logical correctness of the course of reasoning. 3. Unexpected phenomenon
a concept that goes beyond the ordinary understanding.
FECHNER PARADOX 314 918 617 – averaging of binoculars
polar perceived lightness under different illumination
retinas of the left and right eyes. If light enters one eye
through a light filter, and in the other without it, then the visible lightness is
corresponds to the arithmetic mean of illumination levels
left and right eyes.
PARALLAX 019 364 079 18 – apparent displacement of the
the viewed object when changing the angle of its perception or
moving the observation point.
PARALLELISM 327 941784 – 1. Constant ratio and
the accompaniment of two phenomena, actions, processes. 2. Repetition,
duplication, complete coincidence in something. 3. In biology –
a principle of evolution of groups of organisms consisting of the acquisition
similar features based on characteristics inherited from common
ancestors.
PSYCHOPHYSICAL PARALLELISM 1784229 741 –
one of the interpretations of the problem of psychophysical - philosophical
the postulate that the mental and physical
(physiological) - these are two independent series of processes,
inseparable from each other, correlating, parallel to each other
turnable, but independent - not connected to each other
the relationship of cause and effect. For materialistic
directions parallelism psychophysical meant inseparability
the separation of consciousness from the brain, for idealists – inde-
dependence of consciousness on material influences, its subordination
the presence of a special mental causality.
EMPIRICAL PARALLELISM 179 4891 219 – scientific
strategy, the general path of development of modern psycho-
ziology, which consists in “translating” into one’s own language
some aspects of mental processes - those that she can
"translate" (physiological reductionism). Expressed in non-
ceaseless attempts to describe the same phenomena or
processes by means of two sciences – physiology and psychology. In
in the course of these searches, boundaries are felt beyond which no
physiological descriptions and explanations can go and where
categories of psychology must come into force. The downside
this process is purification, development and clarification of psychological
logical concepts and patterns.
PARAMEDICINE 328 614 88979 – a branch of medicine in which
The doctor uses treatment methods that do not use lime-
physical intermediaries.
PARAMETER 219 61487931 – 1. In mathematics – a quantity,
included in formulas and expressions, the meaning of which within the framework
of the problem under consideration is constant. 2. The quantity that
characterizing a certain property of a process, device, substance, –
the same as the indicator.
PARAMNESIA 28976 899 479 – deceptions of memory in disorders
consciousness, “false memories”; most often – disorders
memory states, among which deceptions stand out:
1) by the type of what has already been seen - when what is happening at the moment
seems familiar, already experienced once - cryptomnesia; 2)
by the type of mixing of memory traces - contamination; 3) by the type
false memories that have a repetitive nature - echo-
zi.
LITERAL PARAPHASIA 96817 319 4019 – replacement
sound or letter in a word to others. Occurs with aphasia and pro-
is present in both oral and written speech. With different localizations,
lesions paraphasia literalis acquires characteristic
features. Thus, with sensory aphasia, there is a replacement of phonemic-
sounds or letters that are physically close (s-z, b-p); in aphasia
motor afferent is replaced by elements that are close
by pronunciation (l – n, m – b).
PARAPHRENIA 491614 718 1 – disease classified
which is a combination of early dementia and paranoia.
does not respond to psychoanalysis. Characteristic signs: delirium
grandeur and loss of interest in the world - both in people and in objects.
PAROXYSM 319 718 2194 – 1. Exacerbation, intensification of some-
a painful process, sometimes taking the form of a seizure
ka, coming on suddenly. 2. An acute form of experiencing a certain emotion - for example, despair, rage, horror, etc.
PARTIAL 291614 7198 - partial, relating to
separate parts.
PATHOLOGY 489 914618714 – 1st section of medicine, studying
causing disease processes and conditions in living organisms. 2.
Deviation from the norm; ugly abnormality.
PATHOLOGY OF IDENTITY MASS
14809187141 – psychosocial syndrome, "characterized by the presence of
mass dissatisfaction of people, accompanied by a feeling of
feelings of anxiety, fear, isolation, emptiness, despair,
that capacity for emotional – including sexual –
communication. In extreme cases, it provokes persistent
the desire to become nothing as the only way of self-affirmation
of the individual and the masses.
PATHOPSYCHOLOGY 1618714984 16 – section of psychology
medical, studying the characteristics of mental activity
skoy, the patterns of disintegration of mental activity and
personality traits in mental or somatic diseases
. The analysis of pathological changes is carried out on the basis of
statements with the nature of the formation and course of mental processes, states and personality traits in the norm. This is the main difference between pathopsychology, which interprets research data in the categories of psychological theory, and psychopathology - a field of psychiatry that studies the pathology of the psyche on the basis of general clinical categories (the appearance and outcome of the disease as a clinically regular change of symptoms and syndromes).
PAPHOS 319 6487194 is an ancient concept meaning str-
a result that was brought about by a person's own actions,
home with a strong passion, that is, the resolution of passion through suffering.
SPECIAL PEDAGOGY 489671 894 1 – branch of pe-
dagogy, serving people who are characterized by devi-
deviation from normal mental development associated with congenital
natural or acquired defects in the formation and functioning
tion of the nervous system.
PEDOGY 89471 2960419 – a current in psychology and peda-
gogic, which arose at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, due to the spread
the dissemination of evolutionary ideas and the development of applied industries
psychology and experimental pedagogy. In pedology, the re-
the child was considered comprehensively, in all its manifestations, in
constant development and in various, including social,
conditions; the goal was to help develop all its potentials.
The content of pedology was a combination of psychological
logical, anatomical, physiological, biological and sociological
approaches to child development, although these approaches are associated
interacted with each other purely mechanically.
PERVERSION 00014 (perversion) – 1. General name of the series
perversions of the sexual instinct - homosexuality, exhibitionism
ism, sadism, etc. 2. Independent component of attraction, replace-
the goal of sexual normality of its own.
PERVERSITY 014291641 – perversion, tendency to
perversions.
EXPERIENCE 489316 898 1 –
1. Anything experienced
the subject of an emotionally charged state and the phenomenon of action
reality, directly presented in his consciousness and appearing for him as an event in his life.
2. The presence of aspirations, desires and wants; representing in the individual consciousness the process of the subject’s choice of motives and goals of his activity and thereby contributing to the awareness of the individual’s attitude to the events occurring in his life.
3. A form of activity that arises when the subject is unable to achieve the leading motives of life, when ideals and values collapse; it manifests itself in the transformation of his psychological world, aimed at rethinking his existence.
EXPERIENCE REPRESSED 16 8198 1848 – deleted
experiences, complexes, “infringed affective” that are emanating from consciousness
you”, which from the realm of the unconscious have a variety of influences
on life and behavior; can become a source of
creative aspirations, neuropsychiatric diseases and
etc.
PATHOGENIC EXPERIENCE 6489416 8918 – experienced
ation that brings suffering.
VISUAL CROSSROADS 559 314 889 214 – place at the os-
brain, where half of the optic nerve fibers cross, namely the fibers coming from the inner half of the retina of each eye. Thanks to this, all information from the contralateral (opposite) half of the entire visual field is projected into the occipital region of each hemisphere of the brain.
VARIABLE 904819 317 069 is one of the basic concepts
to describe an experiment, although it can also refer to
observation. A variable is any reality that
which can change in the experimental situation.
variable – all measurable factors that are presumably
will or may vary during the experiment.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE 495108614 71 – quantities,
changes of which depend on the impact of an independent variable
simoy. Those variables that are related to the behavior of the subjects and
depend on the state of their body.
CONTROLLED VARIABLE 519 617 918 14 – those
which are strictly controlled during the experiment – so that
to avoid their variations from one subject to another and from
experimental session to session.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 910 317 998 63 – that variable
the variable introduced by the experimenter will be changed by him and
whose impact will be assessed.
VARIABLE INTERMEDIATE 591614 3180 – 1. Per-
belts that cannot be controlled because they constitute
an integral part of the subject: his psychological state
during the experiment, interest or indifference, and in general
response to the experiment. These variables lie between the variables
independent and dependent, and should be taken into account when
interpretation of the results. 2. Variables were understood as non-
mental components accessible to direct observation –
meaning, purpose, motive, cognitive map and others, acting
as mediators between the stimulus as an independent variable and
response as a dependent variable.
TRANSFER 519489 064714 (transfer; transfer) – spon-
a person's attitude towards another person, characterized by an unconscious
by actively transferring to it previously formed in mutual
actions with other people, positive or negative
feelings.
TRANSFERENCE NEGATIVE 398061 91814 – transfer-
nose (to a psychoanalyst) of various kinds of hostile feelings and
negative emotions.
POSITIVE TRANSFER 489617 91818 – transfer
renos (towards the psychoanalyst) of various kinds of friendly and
tender feelings, acceptable to consciousness, with the continuation of these
feelings in the unconscious.
TRANSFER 368717 918 18 – influence of previously formed
stereotypical action (skill) to master a new action,
to new relationships. It is revealed that the mastery of new
the action occurs easier and faster than mastery
previous action. The mechanism of transfer consists in the
division by the subject not necessarily consciously - common points
in the structure of mastered and mastered actions.
PERIOD 798041989 14 – 1. period of time, during
which something happens. 2. The stage of social development or
movements.
PRE-OEDIPUS PERIOD 598061 718 94 – stage of psychosexuality
development preceding the emergence of the Oedipus complex.
LATENT PERIOD 789 041 918 19 – 1. Time between
the onset of the stimulus and the appearance of a response.
The length of the latent period is determined by the completion of physical
chemical process in the receptor, the passage of nerve im-
pulse along the conduction pathways, analytical and synthetic activity
ity in the structures of the brain and the activation of muscles or
iron. 2. One of the periods of infantile sexuality is
approximately from five to six years until the beginning of puberty,
characterized by a predominantly hidden course of psychosexuality
nal processes.
PUBERTY PERIOD 919 64191819 – period of sexual
maturation.
SENSITIVE PERIOD 389072 498 14 (sensitive periods)
developmental periods) – age periods of individual development
tia, during the passage of which the internal structures of the body
are particularly sensitive to specific external influences
world, - periods of increased sensitivity to certain
influences, to mastering a certain type of activity, passing
are taken by the child in his development. They play a very important role in
development of mental functions. Taking into account periods of sensitive needs
wives, first of all, for the proper organization of educational events
acceptance.
PERSEVERATION 478 914 81919 – involuntary, annoying-
into a repetitive cyclical repetition or persistent
reproduction of some action, movement, performance,
ideas, thoughts or experiences, often contrary to conscious
intention. The tendency of reproduced ideas to arise
rotation. Perseverations are distinguished as motor, emotional,
sensory and intellectual – in the areas of motor, emotional-
natural, sensory-perceptual and intellectual correspondence
cially.
INTELLECTUAL PERSEVERATION 591071 489061
- obsessive reproduction of the same - often inadequate-
nyh - intellectual operations that arise from damage
the cortex of the frontal lobes of the brain (most often the left hemisphere),
when control over intellectual activity is violated.
Usually appears in the form of serial intellectual actions.
actions: arithmetic counting, analogization, classification and
etc.
MOTOR PERSEVERATION 591648019109 – obsessive
reproduction of the same movements or their elements
(for example, writing letters or drawing).
SENSORY PERSEVERATION 514 7216218 21 – obsessive-
the reproduction of the same sounds, tactile or
visual images that arise when the cortical tissues are damaged
affairs of the brain's analyzer systems.
PERSON 598 041918 1908 – person, individual.
PERSONALIZATION 598 641 898 18 – a process that results in
which the subject receives an ideal representation in life.
inactivity of other people and can act in public
life as a person. The essence of personalization is in fact
in the social transformations of the intellectual and affective spheres
but-needs of another person, occurring as a result
activities of the individual.
PERSONALISM 989406 798174 – in psychology – direction
a movement that considers the subject of psychology to be personality as a special
primary reality. Personality development personalism refers
on account of her inherent desire for self-actualization
and internal self-improvement, and all mental processes
cheskie considers from the point of view of achieving this goal. For
personalism is characterized by idealism and teleology
explanation of the integrity and activity of the personality.
PERSONIFICATION 516744 014 319 – endowment of animals
and plants, abstract concepts, inanimate objects
and natural phenomena with human properties, represented
their representation in persons. Synonym - personification.
PERCEPTIVE 449061 718 1991 – relating to the per-
concepts, perception.
PERCEPTION 719471899061 – perception, direct
reflection of reality by the senses.
SOCIAL PERCEPTION 891419 064 718 – perception
tie, understanding and evaluation by people of social objects: others
people, themselves, groups, social communities, etc.
PIBLOCTO 419647 019 is an ethno-specific term meaning
a chronic syndrome characterized by the sudden development of hysterical
reactions with screaming, crying, senseless running from place to place
place.
PYGMALIONOPHILIA 419641788 041 – type of perversion
sexual, in which the man's sexual desire is projected
on the image of a woman (sculptural, pictorial), and sexual-
arousal and discharge occur when looking at
images and touching them.
PICTOGRAM 491 844 918871 – picture writing, used
used in psychology as a methodological tool in studying
of mediated memorization. General appearance of the pictogram –
a set of graphic images that the subject comes up with
washes himself for the purpose of effective memorization and subsequent
reproduction of some words and expressions.
AUTOMATIC LETTER 481719319 418 – parapsi-
a chological and clinical term meaning the ability
an individual in a state of hypnosis, a medium
or meditative trance, to write meaningful texts without
meaningful control over this process. In this case, the individual
can be engaged in completely different activities and not give
he is not aware that he is writing anything at all.
PLETHISMOGRAM 719814 319 871 – registration technique
ation of the body's vascular reactions through a special
a plethysmograph device having a manometer and a recording device
device.
PLURALISM498061 07148819 –social-
psychological aspect – manifestation in activity and general
a wide range of opinions, orientations, and multivariance
assessments expressed by individuals regarding significant issues for
them situations. Pluralism is a manifestation of social activity
personality, its need to defend its own positions,
ability to reflect, tolerance for the opinions of others. More often
Most pluralism can be observed in group decision-making
and in group discussions, especially during creative activities.
joint activity. Pluralism is an important characteristic of con-
constructiveness of communication, effective interpersonal interaction
istic. It is an important phenomenon of the psychology of political
skoy, is incompatible with dogmatism, totalitarian thinking and
authoritarian leadership.
SEXUAL PLURALISM 4518619 71918 – perverted
this sexual, manifested in the fact that the achievement of sexual pleasure-
satisfaction is achieved by participating in sexual play not only
three partners. At the same time, joint sexual actions
lead to stimulation of a large number of erogenous zones, which is also
is further enhanced by auditory, visual and
tactile.
INSPIRE 519414 06871914892 – someone or something,
stimulating, inclining to some action, activity.
UNCONSCIOUS INCENTIVE 89064 717980179
(unconscious motivators of activity) - unconscious
motives and semantic attitudes determined by the existing
meaning personal desired future. This class of phenomena was
discovered during the study of the subject's behavior after leaving
him from a hypnotic state in which he was being instilled with a certain
a divided program of actions. By carrying out a given program,
the man could not explain the reasons for his behavior.
MOTIVATION 489641 719 398 – desire, intention to act
to exist.
BEHAVIOR 519514 619714 - inherent in living beings
interaction with the environment, mediated by their external (movement-
(mental) and internal (mental) activity; goal-oriented
the controlled activity of a living organism, which serves to implement
contact with the outside world. The term applies both to
to individual individuals, as well as to their aggregates (behavioral
biological species, social group). The basis of behavior
the needs of the organism lie at the basis of which they are built
executive actions that serve to satisfy them.
The unit of behavioral analysis is an action.
BEHAVIOR:REGULATIONREGULATORY
514 61879010 – regulation of the subject’s behavior by
social norms accepted in society or a group or assimilated
given to them during their lives.
BEHAVIOR: LEVEL 519064 014 – it is customary to distinguish
five levels of behavior - from such innate stereotypical
forms of adaptation, such as taxis and reflexes (and, in some respects,
decisions, instinctive behavior) to acquired, modified
ciated forms associated with thinking.
The relative role of each of these levels varies in animals.
the degree of development is as follows:
1) taxis - their manifestation is maximal in protozoa, middle
degrees - in worms and insects and comes to naught already in primitive
mammals;
2) reflexes - their manifestation is unclear in protozoa, maximally
in coelenterates, medium in worms and insects and a little
disappears in animals of a higher degree of development, one-
even in humans it does not disappear completely;
3) the behavior is instinctive - its manifestation is barely noticeable in
coelenterates, reaches a maximum in insects, average
degrees - in birds and lower mammals and close to zero in
human;
4) learning - its manifestation is noted in worms, the middle layer
penis - in fish, amphibians, reptiles and reaches a maximum in
mats and man;
5) rational activity - its manifestation is noted in the
mitative mammals, then increases sharply - at the stage
higher primates and reaches its maximum in humans.
As the organization of animals increases, innate stereo-
typical reactions are increasingly being replaced by acquired forms
my behavior.
BEHAVIOR: FIXATION 91864178901 68 – one of the me-
protective mechanisms of personality - the tendency to maintain approval
developed effective behavioral stereotypes.
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR 419317 064891 – specific
a static form of human action characterized by demonstration
superiority in force or the use of force in relation to
to another person or group of persons to whom the subject seeks to
repair damage.
ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR 548 614 71814 (behavior
perceptual adaptive) – is maximally determined by the qualities of stimulation; it is conventional, that is, similarity of perceptions of the same objects by different people is possible.
DEVIANT BEHAVIOR 319601 71918 (behavior from-
declining) - a system of actions or individual actions,
contrary to the legal or moral principles accepted in society
norms. The main types of deviant behavior are criminal.
ness and criminally non-punishable (non-illegal) immoral
behavior (systematic drunkenness, drug addiction, acquisitiveness)
sexual promiscuity, etc.; sometimes a story is included
suicidal behavior). The connection between these types of behavior is
in that the commission of offenses is often preceded by
immoral behavior that has become habitual.
INVERTED BEHAVIOR 488 71631918518
(behavior of inverted people) - by degree of inversion
There are three main types of behavior: 1) inverted
absolutely - when the sexual object can only be that
same sex; 2) inverted amphigenous (hermaphroditism psycho-
sexual) - when the object can relate to both one's own and to
opposite sex; 3) inverted randomly - when
when an object of the opposite sex is unavailable, or when
imitation, the person of one's own is chosen as the object
floor. In terms of time, three variations are also distinguished: in-
constant version, periodic inversion and episodic inversion
cheskaya.
INSTINCTIVE BEHAVIOR 491864 718 19 – those
forms of behavior that provide the animal with the greatest
adaptation to his usual environment and in usual circumstances
activities; its structure includes well-coordinated
movements, expressive poses, psychophysiological reactions,
reproduced in strict sequence.
MEDIATED BEHAVIOR 918 914 814714 – action
actions that are not directed by immediate impulses, but by the government
pitchforks, requirements and norms. Simply indirect behavior
the idea may also be based on a spontaneously formed hierarchy
motives, and even “spontaneous morality”: the subject may not
be aware of what exactly makes him act
in a certain way, but act in a completely moral manner.
FIELD BEHAVIOR 499614 899 714 01 – predominantly
the subject's orientation towards situationally significant objects of the
accepted environment - as opposed to orientation towards the accepted
the purpose of the activity; a set of impulsive responses to stimuli
mules of the external environment. It is observed in early childhood, and
also in some disorders of mental regulation of activity
activity of an adult.
GENDER ROLE BEHAVIOR 498617 048781 – behavior,
characteristic of a representative of a certain sex when performing
they play various social roles.
PROJECTIVE BEHAVIOR 4980 61 718 4 – behavior,
distorted by projection manifestations. The degree of distortion of the upper
the ceptual is determined by the uncertainty of the perceptual
material, and the individual characteristics of the perceiver
go, also dependent on his affective state and motivation-
tions.
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR 491614 71814 – behavior
the recognition of a person among other people, selflessly directed at
common good.
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 408614 718 19 – forms of mutual
interactions between individuals motivated by sexual desire
need; a phenomenon representing an important sphere of social, family and personal life. The biological component of sexual behavior contains parameters of the constitution of the sexual,
body type, temperament, hormonal balance, activity of the central nervous system, genetic determinants.
Human sexual behavior performs three functions: reproduction
inductive, hedonic (aimed at obtaining pleasure)
(living) and communicative.
EXPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR 488641 71814 – character-
represents relatively stable characteristics of the individual
the subject's style, for example, vocabulary, speech, way of working with
perceptual material. It is diagnosed to some extent
all projective methods, but best of all – the spot test
Rorschach and the myokinetic method of Mira y Lopez.
REPETITION 471648 04919 – reproduction of learned
knowledge and actions to make them easier to remember. In psychology
general is considered in connection with memory research. The study
is used as a means of establishing new semantic connections,
revealing new relationships in the subject, actualizing certain
methods of activity. Another function of repetition is perfection.
implementation of actions according to various parameters.
REPETITION OBSESSIONAL 391614 81918 – unconscious
a tendency to repeat previously experienced events in the present
traumatic moments and situations.
SUPPRESSION 790681 799 19 is a peculiar condition and
a process characterized by special mental conditions, due to
which part of the mental experiences of dreams cannot
be realized.
MOBILITY 718 697 979 88 – one of the primary
properties of the nervous system, consisting in the ability to quickly react
respond to changes in the external environment.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING 491788 914 18 –
preparing a person to master a certain profession and perform it
to the relevant professional activity on sufficient
exactly at a high level.
REINFORCEMENT 3890181 719 18 – in the teaching of activity
higher nervous system - an unconditional stimulus that causes bio-
a logically significant reaction, when combined with the preliminary
the action of an indifferent stimulus that affects it produces
classical reflex conditioned.
IMITATION 498 701 31914 – following a certain example
ru, sample; independent copying of actions, perceived
others. In humans, it plays a decisive role in the appropriation
social experience. Occurs at different age stages
individual development. Through imitation at age
in early and preschool age, subject actions and skills are acquired
self-service, norms of behavior and speech.
SUBCONSCIOUS 379814 918 01 (subconscious) – collect-
a concept that denotes various unconscious systemic
We are psychics.
APPROACH 408641 9184 – a set of techniques, methods – in
influencing something, in conducting business, in studying something, etc.
ATOMISTIC APPROACH 481 614 319 18 – in psycho-
logy - the belief that to research is to break down complex
processes on the simplest elements – “atoms”.
ACTIVITY APPROACH 318719 49914 – Activity-based approach
yatitelnosti to psychological correction – was formed
mainly in the domestic psychological school;
involves correction through the organization of special training
training, during which the client masters psychological
means that allow the implementation of the concept at a new level
control and management of internal and external activities. Approach
activity-based appears as a concrete scientific methodology
for developmental, educational, engineering, and medical psychology
Qing, etc.
INFORMATIONAL APPROACH 914 718 01919 – methodological
a logical attitude according to which all mental processes
are considered as a complex system of simpler pro-
information processing processes that can be performed sequentially
either simultaneously or in parallel. At each stage of these processes,
the formation is modified in a certain way; its coding, feature extraction, filtering, and recognition occur,
comprehension, decision making, formation of a response
actions. As a result of applying this approach, models are built
the mental process under study, composed of hypotheses
ical blocks connected in series or in parallel and
implementing certain functions.
COGNITIVISTIC APPROACH 498 641 21918 – to the cor-
psychological reactions - based on the theory describing
personality from the position of the organization of cognitive structures.
It is with them that corrective work is being carried out, and in a number of cases
In these cases, we are not only talking about violations of cognitive function itself.
sphere, but also about the complexities that determine the problems of general
ments, internal conflicts, etc.
MICROSTRUCTURAL APPROACH 48861471814 is one of
theoretical and experimental directions of domestic psy-
chology. The objective of the approach is to study the coordination of actions and
operations that form the texture – “microstructure” – of various
types of cognitive and executive activity. Large
attention is paid to the study of formation - "microgenesis"
- perception, memorization, thinking and movements.
BEHAVIORAL APPROACH 488671 31919 – to correction
psychological – correction and therapy are associated with the need
the ability to form optimal behavioral patterns in the client
skills, because it is believed that mental disorders are caused by
are characterized by maladaptive behavior.
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH 59171871918 – to
psychological correction – covers various areas
psychoanalysis, which, despite all the differences, retain a common
the focus of therapy is to help the client identify unconscious
the causes of distressing experiences and painful manifestations;
through their elaboration – in various forms – it is assumed
the possibility of control and partial (at least) mastery
behavior and, as a result, the possibility of personal growth.
BODY-ORIENTED APPROACH
517 319 48919 – to psychological correction: its allocation
along with psychoanalytic, behavioral and pro-
chimi is not entirely correct, because it does not have a single theoretical
platform; however, it has its own characteristic features
and therefore deserves special consideration. The principle of treatment
the soul through its impact on the body is becoming more and more widespread.
strange.
TRANSPERSONAL APPROACH 41867191814 – to the cor-
psychological reactions - refers to altered states
consciousness.
APPROACHEXISTENTIAL-HUMANISTIC
KIY 428 61731919 – To psychological correction – this includes
those theories and the systems of personal cor-
recitals that are based on the philosophy of existentialism,
emphasizing the importance of the problems of human development and
responsibility for one's own development.
SEXUAL SUBMISSION 918714 319 18 –
a term denoting the fact that one person may be un-
usually dependent and not independent in relation to
another person with whom he/she is in sexual intercourse.
POSITION 514 617 91819 – 1. Stable system of relations
human relations to certain aspects of reality,
manifested in corresponding behavior and actions. Position –
developing formation; its maturity is characterized by imper-
contradictory nature and relative stability. 2. Integral-
the most generalized characteristic of the individual's position in
status-role intragroup structure.
POSITION INTERNAL 31964191919 – installation system
social wok, closely related to current needs
of a person and determining the main content and direction
intensity of activity in a given period of life.
POSITION SOCIAL 914714 819 34 – 1. Place,
the position of an individual or group in the system of relations in society,
determined by a number of specific characteristics and regulations
style of behavior. A functional place that can
take a person in relation to other people. 2. Views, pre-
the attitudes, settings and dispositions of the individual in relation to conditions
of their own life activity, implemented and defended
in reference groups. In this meaning it conveys the essence
the static characteristics of the concept of the situation of development of social
- as the unity of the subjective and objective in the personality, form-
realized in joint activities.
KNOWLEDGE 498641 019 19 – comprehension of something, acquisition
gaining knowledge about something; understanding the laws of something
some phenomena, processes, etc.
COGNITION: FORM 319 814 916784 – this includes:
scientific knowledge, everyday knowledge, artistic knowledge and religious knowledge.
ORDINARY KNOWLEDGE 916 319 18 – knowledge, realized
in everyday life practice. To some extent
similar to scientific knowledge: one has to rely on certain
the revealed patterns of life; in interaction
with the new - on certain hypotheses, not always consciously formulated
multiplyable; these hypotheses are tested by practice, with no
confirmations change, and actions are performed accordingly.
actions.
RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE 4018614 31918 – unlike
science, which is characterized by a readiness for self-refutation
(not always feasible) – right down to the basic principles,
religious knowledge – within any denomination – is usually
aimed at affirming and confirming the original dogmas, the symbol of faith (although scientific ideas are also always based on certain postulates, accepted without evidence and most often unprovable; scientists explicitly or implicitly defend them, defending them as if they were indisputable).
Another difference: in religious knowledge the world is viewed as a manifestation of divine plans and powers, whereas in science it is viewed as a relatively independent reality.
However, for the human sciences, in particular psychology, religion,
otic searches have a special meaning and often turn out to be
deeper and more subtle than the traditional scientific approach. Moreover,
the problem of faith and religious consciousness is very important for a number of
the world's greatest psychologists - not only in terms of their personalities,
but also in the construction of psychological theories and psychotherapeutic
systems.
ARTISTIC KNOWLEDGE 4008641 71918 – own-
art; differs from scientific knowledge in that
Science, as a rule, strives for the most impersonal
knowledge (although in psychology this is not always the case), whereas art-
the creative work is oriented towards the unique personality of the creator, towards his subject-
objective vision of the world, which most often constitutes the basis
interest in a work of art. In contrast,
ness to the figurative and emotional character of artistic
Creativity in science is characterized by intellectualism and rationalism.
SEARCH INFORMATION 48160104918 – considered
the operator's recognition and understanding of incoming information in the key
what is the solution to a specific management or control problem.
In the structure of information search, a number of components can be distinguished
affecting, in particular: non-directional, scanning search;
claim on a given standard; tracking changes in information
environment; determining priorities of actions. INDICATOR 318 601989073 – in psychology – various
"units" of behavior and activity and physiological reactions
tions. It is on the basis of their qualitative and quantitative analysis that
Lisa the researcher judges the people behind them and the people they show
through them mental phenomena, etc.
SEX 421 648 013491 – 1. Biological sex – totality
contrasting generative traits of individuals of the same species.
2. Social gender is an ontogenetically developing complex
biological, somatic, reproductive, sociocultural
logical and behavioral characteristics that provide an individual with
personal, social and legal status of men and women.
GENDER PSYCHOLOGICAL 418 6419893149 – character-
the individual's behavior according to the criterion of compliance with the mask
the gender role. To assess the degree of correspondence
There are special requirements for the individual and his sexual role.
questionnaires.
FIELD 318721989061 – in psychology – a set of experiences
the subject's actual - "here and now" - motivators
his activity.
FIELD WITHOUT ORIENTATION 47860178919 – devoid of orientation
visual field (for example, a cloudless sky), perception against the background of which has a number of specific features. In particular, the object is perceived as lacking a stable position in space.
VISUAL FIELD 428617 319 198018 (field of vision) –
the space visible to the eye at a fixed direction
gaze and immobility of the head. Its average value is:
up - 55 degrees, down - 60, outward - 90, inward - 60 degrees
owls (for achromatic stimulus, for chromatic – less-
she). The smallest size of the visual field is characteristic of green-
color, the largest one is for blue.
VISUAL FIELD OPERATIVE 594617 21819 –
part of the visual field, perceived almost simultaneously
identifiable and recognizable by the subject. Its magnitude depends on many
other conditions, in particular - from the observer's position and the task
perception; from fluctuations of attention; from spatial dis-
position and geometric features of objects.
FIELD OF CONSCIOUSNESS 4918864141309819 – heterogeneous and has
there is a focus, a periphery and a boundary beyond which the area begins
unconscious. The field of consciousness is the analyzed feelings,
thoughts, impulses.
PHENOMENAL FIELD 42174814919 – a concept used
used in Gestalt psychology and other phenomenological
in the scientific directions of psychology to designate a set of
phenomena experienced by the subject at a given moment in time.
INDEPENDENCE 498147 21914 – a concept meaning
which predominantly focuses the subject on internal
standards for organizing external impressions in conditions when
inadequate forms of reflection of the external world are imposed on him
ra. Covers a wide range of phenomena: from stability phenomena
and the adequacy of perception of the objective world in circumstances,
complicating perception, until the manifestation of personal autonomy in
situations of suggestive influence of a group, a crowd.
POLYGRAPH 548601 71918 (lie detector) – hardware
a complex used for objective recording of physiological
indicators of skin-galvanic response, encephalogram-
we, tremors, plethysmograms, characterizing affective
a person's state - for the purpose of analyzing emotional responses to stimuli presented during a conversation or interrogation.
POLYMOTIVATION 519317918 201 – term,
meaning the simultaneous presence of several motives of some
second activity.
MAHA STRIP 229061 09 79181 – edge contrast effect
hundred, arising when examining two uniformly colored
dark gray or colored spots of varying brightness, separated
a smooth transition from one brightness to another. In this case, the subject-
what is perceived as a smooth transition between the spots is not
lusor stripes. Thus, in the area of the light spot, the
an even lighter strip, and in the dark area an even darker one
naya.
POLARIZATION 598 64731984 – usually understood in an expanded form
dramatically - as a message, acquisition, the appearance of a certain
polarities, opposites.
GROUP POLARIZATION 588471 98149 – social
a psychological phenomenon that arises as a result of group
a debate in which different opinions and positions
participants are not smoothed out, but are formed into two polar processes
opposing positions that exclude compromise. Under the field-
group ization also means strengthening as a result
discussions of the extremity of group decisions or judgments
compared to the average. The magnitude of polarization is greater,
the more the initial preferences of group members are biased
py from average values. A special case of group polarization
- shift towards risk.
PSYCHOLOGICAL HELP 4218 819 714 19 – ob-
the field of practical application of psychology, oriented
to improve the social and psychological competence of people
action. The main methods of its provision are individual consultation.
tization and group forms of psychological work.
psychoprophylactic and psychocorrective directions are possible
laziness, use in situations of overcoming various
kinds of psychological difficulties. Psychotherapy as a therapeutic
psychological influence is a special case of psychological assistance
logical.
CLOUDING OF CONSCIOUSNESSTWILIGHT
398971 1 21919 – disturbance of consciousness, characteristic
profound disorientation in the outside world with relative
complete preservation of the logical sequence of actions.
Accompanied by vivid and frightening hallucinations.
Strong effects of fear, anger and melancholy arise;
a tendency towards aggressive actions.
UNDERSTANDING 39149488061 –
1. The ability to comprehend meaning
and the meaning of something and the result achieved thanks to it.
2. Caused by external or internal influences of spec-
a physical state of consciousness, recorded by the subject as certain
reliability in the adequacy of the recreated ideas and content
pressure of influences.
CONCEPT 42864131819 is one of the logical forms of thinking.
nia, the highest level of generalization, characteristic of thinking
verbal-logical. The concept can be concrete and ab-
tract. Empirical and theoretical concepts are distinguished.
The most abstract concepts are called categories. Psychological-
gy studies the development of concepts in humans. It distinguishes between the acquisition of
concepts developed by other people and independent development
development of new concepts.
CONCEPT: VOLUME 219781 31918 – displayed in consciousness
nii class (set) or classes of objects, phenomena, etc.,
each of which has features recorded in this
concept; that is, the classes to which it belongs or which include
include a given concept. The number of objects displayed in the volume of a concept can be finite or infinite.
CONCEPT: CONTENT 489061 31819 – set
properties, characteristics and relationships of objects allocated to this data
concept in the class or classes of objects to which it belongs.
is worn. The core of the concept's content is the distinctive
essential properties, attributes and relationships.
LIFETIME CONCEPT 898716 31419 – mental and
speech generalization formed without special training,
with natural mastery of a certain subject area, in which
the torus merges essential and non-essential
signs. The everyday concept develops as if from the bottom up, from
direct confrontation with things and practical interaction
interactions with them - as belonging to certain
classes; while the development of the concept of the scientific goes from top to bottom,
starting with a verbal definition.
PORNOGRAPHOMANIA 48961731918 – a type of perversion in
a method in which sexual arousal and satisfaction are achieved
creation occurs when reading, looking at pornographic
products and their creation, which serves as an expression of sexual
ny fantasies.
ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD 491614 818 19 – type of threshold sen-
weed. Characterizes the sensitivity of the sensory system.
It is expressed by the magnitude of the stimulus, the excess of which gives
the body's response - primarily in the form of awareness
sensations. To determine the threshold of absolute sensations, the following are used:
minimum change method, mean error method, method
constant irritants.
PAIN THRESHOLD 519317 91814514 – limit value
sensations, the achievement and excess of which causes pain
sensation – regardless of the modality of sensation. A distinction is made between
sya:
1) lower pain threshold – the magnitude of irritation at the first
the appearance of a feeling of pain;
2) upper pain threshold – the level of irritation at which
the pain becomes unbearable.
PERCEPTION THRESHOLD 317918 61419 (threshold of sensation;
horn of sensitivity) - the magnitude of the stimulus causing
or changing perception, sensation; qualitative indicator
sensitivity of the analyzer. The thresholds of perception of the reverse
proportional to the quantitative indicator of the corresponding
types of sensitivity. Their existence is the central law
dimensionality of sensations.
ABSOLUTE PERCEPTION THRESHOLD 51954189919 –
the minimum value of a stimulus of any modality (light-
(voice, sound, tactile, etc.), capable of causing mini-
barely noticeable sensation.
UPPER ABSOLUTE PERCEPTION THRESHOLD
31961759819 (absolute upper threshold of perception, – abs-
the severe upper threshold of sensations) the maximum permissible ve-
the magnitude of an external stimulus, the excess of which leads to
the appearance of painful sensations indicating a violation
normal functioning of the body.
PERCEPTION THRESHOLD DIFFERENTIAL
56471631819 (differential threshold of sensations) – minimum
the difference between two stimulus values that causes
a subtle difference in sensations.
PERCEPTION THRESHOLD LOWER ABSOLUTE
598414 01919 (absolute lower threshold of sensations) - mini-
the smallest amount of stimulus that causes barely noticeable
feeling.
PERCEPTION THRESHOLDOPERATIVE
519061 71919 (operational threshold of perception, operational threshold of perception)
horn of sensation) – the smallest value of difference between two
the magnitude of the stimulus at which the accuracy and speed of response
knowledge is maximum.
PERCEPTION THRESHOLDRELATIVE
37841651918 – the value by which the irritation should change
inhabitant, acting on the sense organs, so that together with him
the feeling it evoked changed.
THRESHOLD OF LIGHT PERCEPTION 59871631919 – mi-
the minimum intensity of a light stimulus that causes
the subject has a sensation of light under given conditions.
DIFFERENTIAL THRESHOLD 5286788 91919 – threshold
sensory, characterized by minimal difference between two
stimuli that are perceived as different, then
There are some to which two different reactions can be formed.
The differential threshold is usually expressed quantitatively in
in the form of relationships between the magnitude of a constant stimulus,
serving as a standard, and a variable stimulus, depending on
sti from the magnitude of what is perceived as equal to or different from
standard, to the magnitude of the constant stimulus. This is the ratio
constantly over a fairly wide range of stimuli.
DISAPPEARANCE THRESHOLD 528670 81 09821 – a concept used
used in psychophysics to denote the intensity of a stimulus
mule, with a decrease in which the irritant:
1) already ceases to cause sensation – for the threshold of absolute-
leg;
2) differences in stimuli are not detected – for the threshold of difference
differential.
OPERATIONAL THRESHOLD 521 648 81814 – quantitative
an indicator expressing the maximum for the given conditions
the speed and accuracy of human perception and processing of information
operator for a certain period of time. When
characteristics of signals in terms of intensity, duration and pro-
spatial parameters close to threshold, speed and
the accuracy of signal discrimination becomes minimal, and
fatigue - maximum. With the improvement of these characteristics
the speed and accuracy of discrimination increase, but up to a certain limit - "turning points", upon reaching which the indicators no longer improve. The magnitude of the discrepancy between the characteristics of signals and the threshold values, at which the speed and accuracy of discrimination are maximum, is called the threshold of optimal discrimination.
THRESHOLD OF AWARENESS 319 641 818048 – minimum value
the stimulus, the achievement or excess of which causes
awareness of the sensation that has arisen. It depends significantly on
psychological factors - for example, from the tuning to perception
tie, concentration or absent-mindedness, etc.
THRESHOLD OF APPEARANCE 918614 89 – in psychophysics – the value
to a stimulus, upon reaching which a sensation appears.
SENSORY THRESHOLD 495641 31918 – the value of irritation
the point at which a sensation or arousal occurs.
cabin other reactions (somatic, vegetative, encephalographic-
physical).
TERMINAL THRESHOLD 508641 71918 – achievement
a stimulus of such magnitude that the sensation usually associated with
with such a stimulus, disappears or changes to another modality. For example, with very high brightness of light, the sensation becomes painful.
AFTEREFFECT 516 714 918 19 – its patterns
show how a preceding stimulus influences a subsequent one.
ing.
AFTERIMAGE 314918 61819 – residual phenomenon in the form
a visual image that arises after examining a certain
object with a strictly fixed gaze.
OBEDIENCE 490614 819498 – many parents believe,
that the child does not obey because he is stubborn or lazy.
But the idea that a child gains mastery through obedience is wrong.
his behavior. On the contrary, obedience is possible when he
learn to control his behavior. And for this an adult
must provide him with the means and make sure that the child can
use them on their own - that they have been through at least a
stic interiorization.
POSTULATE 521989 614 19 – the initial assumption,
an assumption made without evidence or justification, based on
"obviousness".
ACT 21471691819 – a conscious action, evaluating
considered as an act of moral self-determination of a person, in which he asserts himself as an individual – in his relationship to another person, himself, a group or society, to nature as a whole.
A personal form of behavior in which independent action is performed.
a deliberate choice of goals and behavior patterns, often contradictory
generally accepted rules. An act is the basic unit of
social management. It is in it that a person's personality is revealed and formed.
SYMPTOMATIC ACT 51918 01914 – actions,
serving as symptoms of a repressed complex of ideas.
POST-FREUDISM 219488 0614431 is a collective concept
tie, meaning a collection of various reformist,
modernist and other trends, movements and schools, one way or another
otherwise dividing and developing the ideas of Z. Freud, Freudianism,
psychoanalysis. Usually this includes: psychology of the individual-
naya, analytical psychology, sociology of sexuality
economic, neo-Freudianism, neo-psychoanalysis, ego psychology,
sociometry, psychohistory, and some others.
POTENTIAL 514 71631914 – 1. In physics – a quantity that characterizes
terizing at a given point a force field - electric, magnetic
thread, gravity, etc. Accordingly, they are distinguished by
potential electric, magnetic, etc. 2. The totality of the available
resources, opportunities in a certain area, in a certain respect.
POTENTIAL CAUSED 59061731918 (caused by-
potentials – VP) – electrical oscillations of systemic character-
ra, arising in the nerve structures in response to irritation
receptors. Primary responses are distinguished, which arise in the first
100 ms after stimulus presentation, and secondary – more
late. In humans, they are usually fixed on the scalp
by means of special technical devices.
STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS 5980141 919 18 – 1. Model of consciousness, in
to which consciousness is attributed the properties of continuity,
fluidity and variability. 2. A concept that reflects movement
consciousness and its continuous change. The stream of consciousness is impos-
can be stopped, no past state of consciousness can be
repeats.
NEED 591718 048191 – original form of active-
the intentional intention of living beings is a form of manifestation of intentional intention.
the kind of psyche, according to which the living organism is motivated
is given to the implementation of qualitatively defined forms of activity
activities necessary for the preservation and development of the individual and
genus.
NEED: CLASSIFICATION 319418 714 19 –
Needs are divided primarily into primary needs and
secondary needs. There are also obvious and
latent needs; these forms of existence of needs
are determined by the methods of their satisfaction. By functions and
forms of manifestation are distinguished by introverted and
extroverted needs. Needs can manifest themselves in
active or verbal level; they can be egocentric-
tical or sociocentric.
NEED: DEFINITION 988061718148 – pro-
the process of “recognition” by the need of its object. In elementary
In these forms it is known as imprinting.
Objectification is a very important event: in this act,
motive. A motive is defined as an object of need. It is possible
to say that through objectification the need receives its con-
cretization. Therefore, the motive is also defined as an objectified need.
NEED FOR AGGRESSION 989061 079817 (need for
aggression) is a psychoanalytic concept used to explain behavior
aggressive behavior. The basis of such behavior is the desire
the rise to power, which in turn is conditioned by the urge to pre-
overcoming feelings of inferiority. If the need for
aggression is suppressed, this leads to the emergence of a feeling of fear,
considered as one of the leading signs of neurosis.
SECONDARY NEED 39808141 019 18 – character-
characterize man as a social being; the most important of them are
needs for love, cooperation, autonomy, aggression,
creativity, etc.
INTROVERT NEED 59106890617981 – from-
are characterized by their orientation toward oneself. For example, aggression
may appear in the form of feelings of guilt or suicide.
LATENT NEED 389061 71914 – never
appear in acts of behavior, but only in fantasy, dreams
and games. In perception, they are found in the form of distortions of perception.
of the material received, in the tendency to perceive everything “as
I want to." Their content is unconscious antisocial desires.
aggression and sex. Their study is possible only in the course of psycho-
therapy or experimentally, creating uncertain stimuli-
the multiple conditions by which fantasy images are activated, as-
socially connected with these needs, as a result of which
the products of fantasy themselves can be considered their immediate
expression.
NEED FOR COMMUNICATION 391061 079 814 (need for
social contacts) - the child is found to have very early:
the so-called revitalization complex can be observed in the air
grow for one and a half to two months. This need remains in a person
is one of the leading ones, but over the course of life it changes forms. In the first
the early years of life are the need for a mother and loved ones who
care for the child. Later she is sent to a wider
the coolness of adults then transforms into a desire to conquer
respect in a group of peers. The need for
friend, loved one, spiritual leader. Later still
there is a desire to find one's place in life, to get social
national recognition, etc.
PRIMARY NEED 589641 (visceal need)
rogeneous) - relate to natural needs: these are needs
in air, food, water, avoidance of pain, sexual satisfaction.
COGNITIVE NEED 398721 018 414 –
more precisely, the need for external impressions. As such,
as the need to acquire new knowledge - is formed
only in situations that promote awareness of the need
this knowledge for life and activity. Development of the need for
knowledge is closely connected with the general development of the individual, with his ability and skills to find answers to vital questions in the content of the studied sciences and in external reality.
EXTROVERTED NEED 3890410617891 –
directed outward, at other people; for example, aggression can
appear in the form of verbal abuse or physical attacks.
actions.
OBVIOUS NEED 598 – manifests itself freely outwardly
in the form of physical actions, speech, complex forms of behavior and
etc. Easily detected through observation. For example,
aggression satisfied in socially acceptable forms of activity
activities – sports, etc.
BUDDHA TASTE 517 391 488 4148 – ensembles of two and
more receptor cells in the wall of small pits surrounding
taste buds. These cells are in contact with molecules.
substances dissolved in saliva that excite these
cells and cause nerve impulses to travel to the brain.
THE GOLDEN RULE 591 718 9181419 (the golden rule
management) – people involved in the process of interaction between
personal, must be guided by imperative rule.
crowbar: act towards another in such a way that it may
to give new strength to another and to you. The traditional form is not
how different: treat others the way you would like others to treat you
others treated you the same way.
LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS 598061 71418 – public sphere
or individual consciousness, including legal knowledge,
attitude to law and law enforcement activities.
The main functions are cognitive, evaluative and regulatory.
The latter is realized through a system of motives, value orientations,
nost, legal attitudes. Legal consciousness of social groups
has a major impact on the formation and consolidation of legal norms,
their functioning in society.
FANTASY 519718 31919 – phylogenetically inherited
the existing ideas about the real elements that once existed
ments of history, which act as fantasies in the individual
the individual's (child's) experience, because it seems to him that
he personally experienced certain events.
PREGNANCY 519614 31918 is one of the key concepts
tiy of Gestalt psychology, meaning the completion of Gestalt-
those who have acquired a balanced state and good shape.
Pregnant gestalts have the following properties:
1) closed, clearly defined boundaries;
2) symmetry;
3) the internal structure, which takes the form of a figure.
FORECAST 59801448 01918 – a variant of clairvoyance,
concerning events that have not yet occurred.
PREDICATIVENESS 598041 978219 – characteristic of the re-
internal, expressed by the absence of words in this speech,
constituting the subject, but the presence of only words relating to
related to the predicate.
ITEM 5086190678194 – it synthesizes various
physical and chemical properties that can be reflected on
level of sensations, but the same physical and chemical
properties can also be possessed by dissimilar objects. Cognition
objects or phenomena implies a reflection of their qualitative
certainty.
OBJECTIVITY 529714 – the regularity of perception, in
which shows a connection with the characteristics of the stimulus and
psychophysiological patterns: division of a single
phenomenal fields into clearly defined and stable objects, a capability that even infants of the earliest age possess. The development of objectivity of perception in ontogenesis is associated with the success of the child's practical actions, based on socially developed forms of interaction with objects.
FEELING 48968172 2197 – subsensory reactions
analyzers in response to the influence of stimuli lying
below the threshold of perception. These stimuli are subthreshold, sub-
not objectively perceived as sensations, they can still trigger
cat conditioned reflexes (galvanic skin, electrical
responses of the cerebral cortex).
INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE: PSI SERVICE
HOLOGICAL 489617 21806489 – specialized
a division in the structure of an enterprise intended for
conducting practical psychological work, one of the special
particularly developed varieties of psychological service. The purpose
Its activities include the development and implementation of measures to ensure the use of socio-psychological factors to increase production efficiency, improve the management of social processes in teams, develop the creative activity of workers and create conditions for the comprehensive development of the individual.
PRE-PLEASURE 528 641 788919 – a term for the
the meaning of the childish form of sexuality.
PRECONSCIOUS 529648 01918 (preconscious) – one-
one of the three forms of psyche; the distinctive feature is the presence of a pro-
processes that are not conscious mental acts, but
capable of becoming conscious under certain conditions.
Otherwise, the latent unconscious, capable of becoming conscious-
nym, standing close to the conscious, - “between” consciousness and
actually unconscious.
REPRESENTATION 918641 21918 – visual images of the pre-
places, scenes and events that arise from recollection
or productive imagination. Unlike perceptions, they can
be of a general nature.
REPRESENTATION REPRESSED 52168 – representation
ments removed from consciousness into the realm of the unconscious by mediation
by the mechanism of displacement.
SINGLE REPRESENTATION 3987492168419 – even
They are characterized by generality: from tens of thousands of images
perceptions of the same object are preserved in consciousness
one - two images.
COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION 5196 – term for
designations of components of the system of knowledge, opinions and norms of behavior
established in social experience. It was used to ex-
explanations of the social origins of the human psyche,
which, however, received a dualistic interpretation: socio-
the general in the structure of consciousness was opposed to the individual
to no one.
GENERAL PRESENTATION 361598916491 – as can be seen from
meaning of the term, for them generality is the main feature: the image encompasses and highlights such features that allow an object to be classified into a certain class, despite its dissimilarity to the “standard” in many features.
REPRESENTATION OF MEMORY 528 31491814 – visual
an image of an object reproduced from memory in the imagination - with
maximum completeness of display of specific features.
REPRESENTATIONSPATIAL
53018141 21819 – representations reflecting spatial relationships of objects: size, shape, location; movement, etc. The level of generalization and schematization of the spatial image depends on both the objects themselves and on the tasks of the activity that is implemented by the individual and in which socially developed means of spatial analysis are used (drawings, diagrams, maps, etc.).
RELIGIOUS IMAGE: ORIGIN
NIE 529061 998 814 – religious ideas – statements
statements about the facts and circumstances of external or internal reality
nesses that communicate something that is not revealed by itself and
requires faith; they arose from the same need as all
other cultural achievements - from the need to protect oneself from
the overwhelming superpower of nature, as well as from the desire to correct
to reveal painfully felt imperfections of culture.
PREJUDICE 4980147 52164 (prejudice) - established
a novelty that prevents adequate perception of the message or
actions. Usually a person is not aware or does not want to be aware
his prejudices and considers his attitude towards the ob-
the phenomenon of prejudice as a consequence of objective and independent
assessment. Prejudice can be the result of hasty
and unfounded conclusions based on personal experience, as well as
the same result of uncritical assimilation of standardized notions
accepted in a certain social group (prejudices)
(cruet).
AWARD ENTICATING 51871631819 (prelude
pleasure) - pleasure given with the aim of causing from the depths
psychic sources of even greater pleasure.
PREPATHOLOGICAL 489617 91814 – prepathological
sky, preceding a pathological condition.
OBSTACLE 201 364 – each obstacle is allocated-
There are two aspects:
1) its objective part, determined by factors independent of the subject
non-psychological reasons;
2) subjective, determined by the characteristics of a particular person
centuries.
EXTERNAL OBSTACLE 89806419 – are of primary importance
objective character. The objective component is pre-
The problem is psychologically interesting only because it
causes an interruption of the action and, consequently, a failure to achieve or a delay in achieving the motive.
INTERNAL OBSTACLE 58188641 0164 – worn
predominantly subjective in nature. It is possible to distinguish between
four classes of internal obstacles that determine the content
significant differences in the personal meanings they generate.
1. Other conflicting meanings of the same circumstances.
2. Personality and character traits, as well as the person’s own subjective ideas about them.
3. Higher value formations of the individual, his ideals, value orientations, internalized norms.
4. Expectations of negative sanctions, including simply unfavorable opinions of others, or
expectation of failure of one's action, etc.
PRESTIGE 49801988 19418 – a measure of recognition by society
servants of the individual; the result of correlating socially significant characteristics
characteristics of a subject with a scale of values that has developed in a given
community. In some social conditions, the indicators
prestige is indicated by signs of material well-being, growth
koshi, high rank or social status, etc.
under other conditions, other foundations may arise and be formed
for gaining prestige, which are more related to the sphere of morality.
spiritual (in a broad sense) than material.
MENTAL SATURATION 2184 17488901 – state
mental anguish caused by monotonous, meaningless activity
satiety. The signs of the onset of satiety are:
1) loss of interest in work, which can lead to affect-
tive breakdowns;
2) an unconscious desire to vary the methods of execution
of action.
HABITATION 418 217 319 1 – in psychophysiology – nega-
tive learning, the effect of which is the absence of a reaction
to a certain stimulus. In its most general form it comes down to post-
a gradual decrease in the amplitude of the reaction during repetitions
stimulus. It differs from fatigue and exhaustion in that the reaction
can be evoked again - by simply changing the stimulus. Especially
habituation is clearly manifested in the orientation reflex system
roving.
HABIT 289064 319 14 – an action that has acquired ritualization
forced or coercive character. When forming
habits due to repeated performance of a certain action
The one caused by the execution itself is of great importance
actions pleasant emotional tone.
ATTACHMENT 298 648 – a feeling of closeness based
on devotion, sympathy for someone or something.
PRE-OEDIPAL ATTACHMENT 319 418 219 18 – stage
(phase) of development of childhood female psychosexuality (sometimes up to
fourth year of life), characterized by the girl's attachment to
mothers until the formation of the Oedipus complex.
SUITABILITY 39671 219 18 – quality condition
satisfaction of certain requirements, conformity
some goals, purposes.
PROFESSIONAL SUITABILITY 490819641 –
a set of mental and psychophysiological characteristics
human qualities - a set of qualities that are necessary and sufficient
to achieve socially acceptable efficiency in some
her profession. It is not given to a person initially, but is formed in
training and subsequent professional activities during
the presence of positive motivation. Its emergence and strengthening
promote a system of material and moral incentives,
satisfaction obtained from the activity, awareness of the general
the vital significance of its results, etc.
SIGN 217 48 9 – a characteristic of an object that appears
as an element of orientation in the construction of activities.
by means of identifying essential features, the following are formed:
concepts. The simplest signs for a person are the signs of sen-
weeds that serve to construct the image of perceptual and so-
correspond to socially developed sensory standards.
more complex are the identification features that serve as classification
classification of objects according to the criterion of typical methods of interaction
actions with them.
CONGENITAL TRAIT 398641 21918 918 14 – recognition
which an individual possesses at birth and which can be
can be inherited or formed during prenatal life
life.
IDENTIFICATION SIGN 21 – set
properties of an object on the basis of which identification is made
object as belonging to a certain class.
PRINCIPLE 451948219 18 – 1. Basic, initial position
some theory, teaching, etc. The guiding idea, the main rule
activity. 2. Inner conviction, view, determining
norms of behavior. 3. The basis of the device or action of non-
which mechanism, process, etc.
ACTIVITY PRINCIPLE 478641 219 19 – essentially,
is a generalization and development of the basic ideas about me-
mechanisms of movement organization. Its essence is in the postulation
the determining role of the internal program in acts of life
of the organism. It asserts activity as active,
purposeful process. The principle of activity is opposed to
is based on the principle of reactivity.
PRINCIPLE OF DYADIC INTERACTION
21964189149 – according to him, the study of personality is possible only
in the system of relations between the organism and the environment. Since the personality is not
exists outside the social environment, the object of analysis, vi-
dimo, there must be some unit of their interaction - a system
need - pressure.
THE PRINCIPLE OF INTERACTION OF MATERIAL
55284891918 is one of the ways to resolve or bypass the difficulty.
questions that arise when explaining the principle of interaction
psychophysical. Consists of the refusal of complete identification
mental and ideal.
THE PRINCIPLE OF INTERACTION OF PSYCHOPHYSICAL-
GO 439841 618 19 – according to this principle (theory), physiological
logical processes directly affect mental and
vice versa.
PRINCIPLE OF DEREFLECTION 219418 31919 – means to remove
a state of excessive self-control, thinking about one's own
difficulties - "self-digging".
PRINCIPLE OF REFLECTIVE ARC 528641 48919 – diagram
follows directly from the principle of the reflex arc.
receptors of external stimuli send signals to the sensory center,
signals from it to the motor center, from which the effects come
fector commands to the muscle (meaning the working point
moving organ). The scheme of the reflex arc is a private,
born case of the reflex ring: according to this scheme,
hard-coded, elementary short-term
acts that do not require correction. But for most
movements require a reflex ring.
PROTECTION PRINCIPLE 314 719 919064 – incentives, counter-
speaking to the subject's expectations or carrying information, potentially
socially hostile I, are recognized worse and are subject to more-
to distortion.
PRINCIPLE OF ISOMORPHISM 429 71431814 – interaction
interaction of the individual with the world, as well as the process of formation and functioning
The concept of the “personal world” can be described in the terminology
structuring the "space of life".
PRINCIPLEPARADOXICAL
589649 31919 – inspiration of the client by the therapist (or by the therapist himself)
fight) exactly what he is trying to avoid.
PRINCIPLE OF SPECIFIC CODING
239478 51918 – The effect of facilitating the reproduction of a learned
information when focusing on the feature that is used
was used as a structuring agent during its memorization.
PRINCIPLE OF REFLECTOR RING 2951848 21918 –
the scheme follows directly from the principle of the reflector ring
nogo. In a simplified version of the diagram there is a motor center, from
which sends effector commands to the muscle (available in
type and the operating point of the moving element). From the operating point
there are feedback signals - sensory, or afferent-
signals - to the sensory center. In the nervous system of the central
the incoming information is processed – re-encrypted
to the motor correction signals, which are again sent to
muscle. The control process is closed in a ring. The scheme is under-
her when considering her in time.
PRINCIPLE OF SENSORY CORRECTIONS 528641 719 14 –
use for regulation of motor, executive process
feedback process in the form of sensory signals concerning
features of the movement construction. At the same time, sensory signals
ly are integrated into integral complexes specific to
each level of movement construction.
EXPLANATORY PRINCIPLE 42151918 – principle for
explanations of a certain complex of phenomena as lying in their
basis. Often it is a kind of postulate, to a greater or lesser extent
less taken on faith in moderation is difficult-
its justification. Thus, in psychology, as a principle of explanation,
The soul can act as a body.
THE PRINCIPLE OF PSYCHOPHYSICAL PARALLELISM
519681 3191901648 – its essence is in the assertion of impossibility
causal interaction between mental and physiological
ical processes: they occur in parallel and independently
from each other. What happens in consciousness corresponds, but does not
depends on what is happening in the brain matter, and vice versa.
such positions were taken by the psychology of consciousness, which had as its
necessary addition to physiological psychology.
THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSTANTNESS 429648 718 19 is one of the prin-
principles of regulation of mental activity; derived from the pre-
propositions that the psyche has a tendency to retain existing
the amount of excitation is as low as possible or at least
at a higher level, constant. This tendency is the principle
principle of constancy.
PROJECTION PRINCIPLE 389671 298989 – is associated with the representation
the idea that in the various manifestations of the individual will-
his personality is embodied, including hidden, unconscious ones
the drives, aspirations, experiences and conflicts that
“are projected” onto his work, interpretation of events, statements
titles, preferences, etc.
PRINCIPLE OF REACTIVITY 3196485194 – according to it,
some act - movement or action - is determined by the external
incentive.
REALITY PRINCIPLE 521 64871918 – one of the leading
principles of regulation of mental activity, forming
developing in the process of personality development; the principle of regulation
mental life. It is expressed in taking into account real conditions and
opportunities to satisfy desires, often in the rejection of
different ways to get pleasure.
In the practice of eternal development, the possibility of preventing
rotation of any threats, including those of a global nature,
a means of self-development.
In resurrection technologies it is possible to obtain a method of resurrection
baptism based on the fact that there is data about the life of the resurrection
shayem.
In technologies of non-dying it is manifested in self-awareness of in-
the dividuum consisting in the fact that it is not dying that is the most harm-
monistic state of the personality and precisely corresponding to the world-
device. This understanding allows us to deduce the process of not dying-
wounds on the control of the person's consciousness, that is, it does not
the dying of a person is an objective and achievable reality.
The drives of the ego are subject to this principle; its main co-
holding - bringing the unconscious, extremely individual-
stic aspirations to obtain pleasure in a certain situation
response to the demands of the outside world.
In the systems of rejuvenation and healing, it identifies pro-
emanating from society in terms of youth and normal health
with the possibility of identifying such a reality with oneself. In this
In this sense, aging is seen as asocial and consequently
a process that can be overcome. Normal health is considered
is considered as a general social norm for acting subjects
and therefore achievable by everyone. Since the collective mind in the
acceptance of the subject develops dynamically enough for that,
to solve existing problems. In essence, the principle of real-
in this case means that since it is real that there are young and healthy people, then this state is always achievable by everyone, if the task of achieving this becomes the direction of action of all people. From this definition it follows that individuals can, ahead of the development of society, achieve eternal youth through the development of spiritual capabilities and thereby pave the way for the whole society.
PRINCIPLE OF RESONANCE 221941 31819 – stimuli, relay-
relevant to the needs or values of the individual, are perceived
more correctly and quickly than those that do not correspond to them.
PRINCIPLE OF SELF-DETERMINATION 241648 79148 –
the principle of psychophysiology according to which the cause of behavior is
It is not the effects of the external environment in themselves that are affected, but the living organism
organism, in whose behavior these effects are presented in
filmed form.
In technologies of eternal development it means that the person himself
can create external reality from internal motives
ity. Without implying a rejection of causality as such, this prin-
The principle allows us to identify specific features of the deterministic
in the activity of a living being. It is associated with the assertion
the principles of activity and systematicity, according to which the or-
organism does not seek to neutralize the impact of the external environment, but
purposefully and actively acts in it and changes it for himself.
The principle of self-determination determines the purpose of the activity
as a process of free choice, during which from a system with non-
a limited number of degrees of freedom results in a fully connected system
a system with a single degree of freedom, which goes over
into concrete action. When a person's goal is eternal
development is an action aimed at achieving eternal life of the physical body. Considering the factor that the body is, as it were, unconditionally alive, at the level of psychology of perception, the goal coincides with reality through the mechanism of self-improvement, that is, the goal of eternal life becomes achievable. Correct understanding of this principle allows you to always have normal health and protect the body from accidental damage, diseases and aging.
SENSIBILITY PRINCIPLE 918419 31918 – stimuli,
threatening the integrity of the individual, which may lead to serious
mental disorders, are recognized faster than all others.
technologies of eternity for preventive prevention
threats are used speed characteristics of perception,
who absolutely must have time to be in the information
private and general norms. Since the general norm in this principle
is perceived and means an additional reserve for normal-
life of a specific person. Generalized perception of help-
requires more analysis and consideration of more circumstances
helping a person not only to be saved, but also to live harmoniously
and eternally. Thus, the formula of eternal life in one physical
in the body from the point of view of the psychology of perception of the world of flow-
into reality has the following form: eternal life is finite.
of a specific person and all others is equal to the generalized perception
multiplied by the signs of events that contribute to achieving
the idea of eternal life and divided into events that slow down the end
attainment of the objective and subjective reality of eternal life
people. Use this formula to achieve eternal life
you can do it this way: concentrate on three members
formulas "eternal life of a specific person and all others"
"generalized perception", "signs of events contributing to
achieving eternal life”, mentally increasing the volume of information
formations corresponding to these three concepts and reduce
information corresponding to the member of the formula "event slowdown-
defining achievements of objective and subjective reality
eternal life of people." Multiplication in the psychology of eternal life
means in this case the mental elevation of a member of the formula
upward in the space of his thinking, somewhat oriented-
no more than a physical body. With this orientation, the top
the space of thinking is perceived as the height for a standing person
the top is towards outer space, and the bottom is in the opposite direction.
in the opposite direction. Division in the psychology of eternal development
means in this case the mental lowering of a member of the formula down in the space of one's thinking. The action "equal" means the perception of the space located horizontally around the physical body of a person. Working with a formula written in words allows one to single out in each member of the formula the life-giving essence, the source of life. The combination of this work with a number allows one to perceive the source of eternal life in all areas of one's perception. The method of psychology of reality management outlined in the principle of sensibility can be applied in other
in other cases.
SYSTEMATIC PRINCIPLE 419816 3194981 – in psychology
gyi is a methodological approach to the analysis of mental phenomena,
when the corresponding phenomenon is considered as a system, not
reducible to the sum of its elements, possessing structure, and
the properties of an element are determined by its place in the structure;
represents the application of a general scientific concept to a particular area
principle of systematicity.
PRINCIPLE OF REFLECTED SUBJECTIVITY
51948191918 - an experimental approach to the study of personality
the individual as a subject of ideal representation in life
inactivity of other people.
PLEASURE PRINCIPLE 81921749818 – dominance
the main principle of regulation of mental activity,
the existing principle of regulation of mental life. It consists of
the desire to avoid displeasure and receive unlimited
pleasure. Its basis is inherent in the body
an unconscious desire to obtain pleasure and satisfaction
satisfaction, directly or indirectly, including
by avoiding displeasure.
DECISION MAKING 4980144141919 – an act of will for-
ment of a sequence of actions leading to achievement
goals based on the transformation of initial information in a situation of uncertainty. The decision-making process is central at all levels of information processing and mental regulation
in the system of purposeful activity.
GROUP DECISION MAKING 371489 64149 – re-
a choice made by a group from a number of alternatives under conditions of mutual
exchange of information when making decisions common to all members
task groups. The decision-making procedure involves the obliga-
a deliberate agreement of opinions among group members – as opposed to
group discussions, usually considered as a phase preceding
marching towards group decision making. Sometimes decision making
group decisions are applied in conditions of limited communication
exchange of information when group members can only report
their initial decisions.
RECALL 914816 71819 – arbitrary extraction
retrieval from memory of information about the past, mentally localized
in time and space. Mental actions associated with
search, recovery and extraction of the necessary information from
long-term memory. The process of reproduction, which requires
efforts to recreate what is needed. Acts as an arbitrary
form of remembrance. The best aid is support
for recognition: comparing several similar ideas or images,
it is easier to remember, and sometimes just recognize the ones you are looking for among them.
DEVICE 548916 71918 – there are two principal
various ways of adaptation of organisms to changes
environmental conditions: 1) by changing the structure and functioning
organ formation; this method is common to plants and animals;
2) by changing behavior without changing the organization; this
this method is characteristic only of animals and is associated with the development of the psyche;
within this method of adaptation, two different ones are distinguished
directions: a) consists of slow changes in inherited
forms of behavior - instincts, the evolution of which occurs
under the influence of slow changes in the environment; b) consists in the development of the ability for individual learning, for “rational actions” – rapid changes in behavior, a kind of “invention” of new ways of behavior in response to rapid changes in the environment, before which instinct is helpless; these actions should not be fixed, passed on by inheritance, because their advantage is high plasticity; therefore, only the ability for them is passed on by inheritance, which determines the height of the mental organization of the creature.
CLAIM 51961781914 – 1. The desire to obtain something
that, the presentation of one's rights to something. 2. The desire to achieve
recognition of something - in the absence of grounds for such recognition
knowledge.
CHILD'S CLAIM 52861971819 (children's claims-
(nija) – the child’s readiness for self-affirmation, conditioned by
the development of his self-awareness, which arises at an early age
the basis for the assimilation of social norms.
TEST 498417318190617488 – testing, checking.
SAMPLE 498417318 190617 488 (test for reciprocal coordination)
dynation) is a special diagnostic technique in which
the instruction is given to alternately squeeze first one hand, then the other
while simultaneously releasing the other. It is used in neuro-
psychology to identify reciprocal coordination disorders
in case of damage to interhemispheric connections.
EMPTY SAMPLE 4916179804001 – in the psychophy- experiment
sical - a verification observation in which, after a warning,
the stimulus itself is not presented without a long signal about the start of the test. It is used to determine the probability of false alarms.
PROBLEM 4818617 21919 (scientific problem) – awareness
the impossibility of resolving the difficulties and contradictions that have arisen
in this situation, by means of available knowledge and experience.
PSYCHOPHYSICAL PROBLEM 498718 31919 (pro-
the psychophysiological problem) is very complex, and there is still no
its final and generally accepted decision. Formally, it
can be expressed by the question: how are the processes of physical
physiological and psychological? In a broad sense, this is a question about
the place of the psychic in nature; in a narrow sense - the problem of the relationship
mental and physiological (nervous) processes. In the second
In this case it would be more correct to call it psychophysiological.
SELF-OBSERVATION PROBLEM 219217 31914 – one
of the most complex and confusing problems of psychology. Conceals-
already in the justification of the method of introspection, which seems strict
and clear: the subject of psychology is the facts of consciousness; the latter are not
are only open to the individual in whose consciousness they are
occur; therefore, they can only be studied by the method
introspection.
PROBLEM EDUCATIONAL 519581 488 19 – concept used
in problem-based learning. It has a logical form of cognizable
problem containing some contradiction in the conditions (from
everyday, missing, alternative, partially incorrect
data, etc.) and ending with a question that objectifies
this is a contradiction. The discovery of a contradiction in the problem of educational-
(problem-solving task) leads to the learning experience
a state of intellectual difficulty, causes a sy-
problematic tuation.
TESTING HYPOTHESISSTATISTICALLY
54861891719 – consists of checking the assumptions:
1) on the nature of the distribution of random variables and on the relationship
between them;
2) on the belonging of data to one general population
sti;
3) on the reliability of differences, etc. Preferably,
essentially in experimental studies to substantiate
the plausibility of substantive psychological judgments about
the advantage of a new method of influence, training, etc.
FORECASTING 918 614 319881 – preparation of pro-
gnose - as a prediction about the development of something based on
certain data - the formation, distribution, course of non-
of which process is based on the study of selected and verified data-
nykh.
In the system of eternal development, forecasting is necessary.
an essential tool for ensuring the conditions of eternal life.
It is carried out in such a way that it develops the spiritual strength of a person.
to the level of control forecasting. In which in
the quality of the confirmed forecast is determined by the goal to be achieved
I am a human being.
PROBABILISTIC FORECASTING 489061 799849
- anticipation of the future based on probability
the structure of past experience and information about the current situation.
Past experience and the current situation provide the basis for the creation of
hypotheses about the upcoming future, and each of the hypotheses is assigned
a certain probability is determined. Accordingly, a forecast is made
probabilistic planning is carried out by pre-tuning – preparation
the individual to take appropriate actions.
PROGRAM 489061789489 – documented plan
planned activities.
PROGRESS 3917218949181 – advancement, forward movement
ed, from lower to higher, to a higher stage of development, to
the best. Development of something new, advanced. The opposite concept
tie is regression.
MENTAL PROGRESS 42167891818 – progressive-
development of the psyche of the individual and humanity as a whole in the direction of
strengthening of the Super-Ego and internal self-regulation when determining
divided reduction of external coercion.
PROJECTION 894716 51918 – 1. The process and result of post-
of expression and generation of meanings, consisting in conscious
or the unconscious transfer of the subject's own
properties or states on external objects. It consists of applying
writing down one's own – usually repressed – impulses and
feelings to other people.
PROJECTION: CLASSIFICATION 894 716 51 919 – for
to eliminate the ambiguity of the concept of projection, a non-
how many types of projection:
1) classical projection (protective);
2) attributive projection;
3) autistic projection;
4) the projection is rational.
Other approaches are also known. When classifying, one can
to divide two "dimensions" of projection: the first refers to what
is projected, and the second notes whether the subject is aware of the possession
projected line. The combination of these "dimensions" allows
classify all known types of projection.
PROJECTION ATTRIBUTIVE 188894 716 51 919 – pripi-
understanding one's own motives, feelings, personality traits and actions
to other people, and the subject is aware of the presence of these traits in
yourself. This expresses the tendency to perceive others by
analogies with oneself.
AUTISTIC PROJECTION 894 948 51 919 – determinant
the minimization of perception by the needs of the perceiver;
modification of the perception of objects or phenomena according to one's own
actual need. At the same time, the subject content
the desire for a need is included in the process of perception, imagination
nia.
PROTECTIVE PROJECTION 894716 51844619 (classic projection
sic) - an unconscious mechanism by which
impulses and feelings that are unacceptable to the individual are attributed to
to an external object and penetrate into consciousness as an altered
perception of the external world.
CASSANDRA PROJECTION 814794 716 51 919 (projection
Pangloss) - named metaphorically in honor of the literary per-
characters; can be considered as a variant of the defense mechanism
known as reactive education.
COMPLEMENTARY PROJECTION 94 716 51 919 – pro-
projection of features additional to those which the subject possesses in
reality. For example, if a subject experiences fear, he
tends to perceive others as threatening; in this case
the attributed trait serves as a justification for one's own condition
yaniya.
BACK PROJECTION 919 648 71 894 – extreme case
distortion, coinciding with Freud's concept of projection
shield.
PROJECTION SIMPLE 428671 31918 – distorting influence
affective states of the past (expectations) on the upper
concept, such as “I hate him because I think he has
there are reasons to hate me."
RATIONAL PROJECTION 894716 5 919 – different
from the projection of the classical one with its “rational” motivation.
For example, when students were asked to comment on
in the educational process, it turned out that the lack of discipline was due to
truants were caught, and those with insufficient qualifications were
the feeders are poor students. So, as with the usual rationalization-
tions, responsibility for one's own failures is attributed
external circumstances or other people.
PROJECTION IS SIMILATIVE 898 716 51 919 I am the
It impairs protective functions, preventing awareness of the fact that
the subject actually has some undesirable
feature.
PROJECTION PHOBIC 428647 894 716 51 919 – take out
externalization, exteriorization of fear and anxiety, in reality
ties of endogenous nature.
PROTOTYPE 4280141798219 – 1. Image of the future; image of something
or, not yet existing, but intended to be implemented
niyu.
2. The original, initial image, prototype, on the basis of which
something has been developed, created.
INFANTILE PROTOTYPE 144280141798219 — image
his own father, unconsciously included by the child in his
inner world as an integral element.
PHYLOGENETIC PROTOTYPE 614280598798219 –
the universal, hereditarily transmitted image of the forefather,
chieftain, the leader of the primitive herd, killed and eaten by his own
sons.
PROPRIOCEPTOR (proprioceptor) - sensitive
nerve endings - receptors located in the muscle
articular apparatus: muscles, ligaments, joint bags.
visibility of interoceptors.
SPACE: PERCEPTION 458641 7198891 – ob-
different reflection of spatial characteristics of the external
the world - the perception of the size and shape of objects, their mutual
location. Analogs play a particularly significant role.
lysers visual, motor, cutaneous and vestibular.
The perception of space is based on measurements of distances and angles, which are realized through active movements when controlling the
by means of the senses.
For sensory discrimination of directions up-down, forward-
red-back, right-left, apparently asymmetry is necessary
of the human body, because it serves as a starting point for perception
space is the body of the individual himself. In particular,
sensations coming from the balance apparatus form
perception of up-down direction, indicating deviation
body from a vertical position. Due to the operation of the mechanism
spatial vision forms the perception of depth
and given space.
SPACE:PERCEPTION:DISRUPTION
09458641 7198891 (space perception disorders) – labor
spatial orientation problems due to disruptions in the work
external (visual, auditory) or internal analyzers
(cutaneous-kinesthetic), which occur with various
pathological conditions of the brain.
LIVING SPACE 8458641 71988918 – than
the less rigidly it is formed, the greater its uncertainty,
especially since its structuring is determined by individual
personality traits.
SUBJECTIVE SEMANTIC SPACE
HOE 591641 7198891 – model of the structure of categorical individual-
of the individual consciousness, on the basis of which the classification is made
fication of objects, concepts, etc. by analyzing their meanings.
The placement of certain meanings in semantic space
allows us to analyze them and judge their similarities and differences.
faces.
If we accept certain assumptions, in particular about the non-
dependencies of the categories of the semantic space of subjective-
then it becomes possible to place certain values
in a multidimensional semantic space, receiving
its characteristics in the system of coordinate axes, based on
which the distance between values is calculated.
Mathematically, the space is semantically subjective
expressed using coordinate axes and points and calculations
distances between them. Its construction as a research method
and as a model representation of the structures of categorical
has become widespread in the field of memory psychology (models
semantic long-term memory), psychology of thinking and
decision-making theory. This method is also used in psy-
chology of differential differences, in the study of cognitive
aspects of consciousness and self-awareness of the individual.
PROTANOPIA 48964198819 – a form of partial blindness
color, characterized by the absence of color sensations in red
region of the spectrum.
PROTECTIONISM219317 989064 –socially-
psychological aspect – selfish patronage,
given to someone by a person or group of people in power.
Leads to the emergence of a privileged circle of people, cultivated
the formation of conformism, the willingness to submit to authoritarian
pressure. Can manifest itself within social communities.
any scale: large and small groups, organizations and
primary units.
COUNTERACTION 548647 989067 – manifestation of counter-
confrontation and confrontation of the energy of attraction and the I, provoking-
the increasing appearance of neurotic symptoms.
PROFESSIONAL JOB – a detailed description of a certain pro-
professions through the system of requirements it places on employees.
ku, - including personality traits, features of thinking
processes, knowledge, skills and abilities needed for successful
mastering this profession.
PROFESSIONAL 514 934 891461 – technology of study
requirements of the profession for personal qualities
abilities, psychological abilities, psycho-physical
human capabilities. It is used for the development of information
ational, diagnostic, corrective and formative me-
theoretical manuals and practical recommendations for ensuring
to the mutual conformity between a person and a profession. Provides
setting a practical problem and organizing its solution in the pur-
in order to optimize and improve the efficiency of professionalism
of labor.
PROCESS 714 641 21918 – 1. The course of a certain phenomenon, the sequence of
change of states, stages of development, etc. 2. Cumulative
ity, a set of sequential actions to achieve a certain
result.
PROCESSMENTALUNCONSCIOUS
894 641 21918 – unconscious processes of the psyche, comprising
that contain its main content and have an exceptional
influence on the personality and its behavior.
CULTURAL PROCESS 5714 641 91418 – modification
the life process under the influence of the task set
Eros and stimulated by Ananke, in order to unite people in
libidinally linked community.
SUPERCONSCIOUS PROCESS 514 017 21918 is
the name is somewhat arbitrary. It refers to the processes of formation
the formation of some integral product of great conscious work
bots, which then “invades” conscious life and ordinary
but radically changes it. An example would be a long-term re-
solving a complex problem when, after many months,
or after many years of effort, the solution becomes clear (often unexpectedly)
but). Although the previous decision process was under control
consciousness, there was no clear idea of its course, so the process as a whole could not be traced.
NERVOUS PROCESS 918 641 21471 89 – various
processes occurring in the nervous system: excitation processes,
braking, etc.
NERVOUS PROCESS: INDUCTION 594 841 21918 – rise
occurrence of a nervous process of the opposite sign: 1)
following the existing process - induction of sequences
naya; 2) beyond its territorial limits – induction of simultaneous
changeable. Induction is called positive if the primary
process - inhibition, followed by, according to the laws of induction,
excitation occurs; negative if the ratio of the volume
military.
PROCESS NERVOUS: BALANCE
88594 841 21918 is a property of the nervous system that expresses the corre-
relationship between excitation and inhibition. The concept is considered
was considered as one of the independent properties of the nervous system,
forming in combination with others - strength and mobility -
type of activity of the higher nervous system.
MENTAL PROCESS 498 841 21728 – processes,
occurring in the psyche, reflected in dynamically changing
mental phenomena: sensations, perceptions, imaginations
consciousness, memory, thinking, etc.
MENTAL PROCESS: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DI-
NAMIC 517 841 21728 (dynamic characteristics
mental processes) is a generalized concept that refers to
quantitative – primarily speed – indicators of performance
of some actions. It is generally accepted that these indicators
are closely related to the work of non-specific structures of the brain
of different levels, in particular the cortical level (medio-
the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain).
PSYCHOANALYTIC PROCESS: THE GOAL OF THE MAIN
NAYA 489 841 21614 – attainment and recognition of truth in its psyche-
choanalytic dimension – the truth about internal phenomena,
fixing the difference between feelings and rationalization and
contributing to the formation of adequate self-esteem.
TELEPATHIC PROCESS 298 941 21728 – transmission
telepathic information; mental act - physical
process - the excitation of the corresponding mental act in
another person or people.
PSEUDOLOGY 419716898491 – pathological tendency
- with a sufficiently high level of intelligence - to the message
false information, to the creation of fantastic stories.
Usually caused by the individual's desire to attract attention to himself
the attraction of others by "proving" one's own importance.
PSEUDOLOVE: FORM 419 317 98906419 – various
different individual forms of pathology of love, leading to
suffering and neuroses.
PSEUDOLOVE:FORMANORMAL
517 317 98906419 – in modern society there are “normal-
"common" - social models of pathology of love
you, acting as two forms of pseudo-love:
1) love as mutual sexual satisfaction;
2) love as “well-coordinated work” and a refuge from loneliness.
PSEUDONEUROSIS 428 641 989 0169 (neurosis-like syndrome)
(ny) - neurotic conditions that arise in various
somatic, organic infectious-toxic and similar
diseases associated with them.
PSEUDOMETER 428 64 891 421 7149 – incorrect identification
the recognition of an object perceived for the first time as familiar.
It is lazy in that the private characteristics of this object, with which individu-
the view is already familiar, they are perceived faster than the whole is built
ny image of the object.
PSEUDOCONCEPT 42189171981 – the result of additional
generalization, which is a complex in which the basic
The basis of generalization is images, not logical connections.
PSI 39164871918 is a letter of the Greek alphabet, usually used
used as a symbol to represent psychology.
Symbolic designation of reality transferred to
numbers can adapt human perception to the eternal diversification
to make eternal development habitual for man. And, as
as a result, the habit itself can create the reality of eternity
development.
For this, you can use the correspondence of rows of eight
numbers to letters. The method is that you write the goal
control words and then replace each letter with the corresponding one.
the numerical series that corresponds to it. The resulting long numerical
You read the series slowly and calmly. At some point
At the moment of reading, you need to pay attention to the fact that the appeared
the function of adaptation of consciousness to a long series is uniform in its appearance
acceptance with the perception of habitual actions. At this point and
in place of a row you spread consciousness into the area of realization
goals. Since in the psychological aspect the extended and calm-
your perception is related to what has happened that is good for you
event. Thus, by means of psychology with the principles
eternal development You achieve the fulfillment of the goal of the written word-
you.
You can write down your goal in Russian, English or any other language.
in another language.
Correspondence of rows of eight numbers to letters of Russian, English-
the following language:
Letters Rows Letters
A 55464181 A .
B 78971414 B .
In 31981421 V .
G 49821751 G .
D 67889721 D .
E 59871449 E .
Yo 47861498
F 52106914
Z 50169109 Z.
And 71906149 I .
Y 40921894
To 49871401 K .
L 52164801 L .
M 31804391 M .
H 55801964 N .
O 71490829 O .
P 72931748 P .
R 89849148 R .
From 73894889 S .
T 49806429 T .
U 72148964 U .
F 52948971 F .
X 42806148
C 07931864
H 89849149
W 10429178
Щ 89451968
Ъ 51948806
Y 60439140 Y .
Ь 91539809
E 23180619
U 50947828
I am 31988918
49804189 S .
59164801 H .
18196488 J .
89841951 Q .
68101432 W .
71804639 X .
PSYCHASTHENIA 495141918 – a painful disorder
psyche, characterized by extreme indecision, timidity,
suspiciousness, a tendency towards obsessive ideas.
PSYCHE 4905910 488 9178 – in ancient Greek mythology –
personification of the human soul. The totality of all processes
mental. Part of it is the soul - a limited func-
an onal complex organized around the Self.
PSYCHIATRY 519 516 31814 – a branch of medicine that studies
causes of mental illnesses, their manifestations, methods
treatment and prevention. The main method of psychiatry is
a clinical examination is carried out using methods
neurophysiological, biochemical, immunological, genetic
netic and psychological. The following are distinguished:
1) general psychiatry (or general psychopathology) – which
studies the patterns of mental disorders
skoy;
2) private psychiatry - which deals with diseases
mental, primarily psychopathies, neuroses, conditions
reactive ones.
PSYCHE 459841 21918 – existing in various forms
max property of highly organized living beings and product
their life activities, ensuring their orientation and activity
ity. An integral property of living things. The interaction of living
the interaction of beings with the outside world is realized through qualitative
essentially different from physiological ones, but inseparable from them
processes, acts, mental states.
The psyche is a systemic property of highly organized matter.
rii, which consists in the active reflection of the object by the subject
world, in the construction of a picture of the world that is inalienable from it and
self-regulation on its basis of behavior and activity. Psyche
ensures effective adaptation to the environment.
The mental reflection of the world always takes place in an active
activities. In the psyche, events are represented and ordered
past, present and possible future. A person has events
the past appears in the data of experience, the representations of memory
ti; the present – in the totality of images, experiences, mental
acts; possible future - in motives, intentions,
purposes, as well as in fantasies, dreams, visions, etc. Psyche
of a person is both conscious and unconscious; but the unconscious is also qualitative.
differs significantly from the psyche of animals. The main difference between the human
human psyche from the animal one – namely in the conscious purposefulness
direction of mental manifestations. Consciousness is its essence.
characteristic feature.
PSYCHE: ANALYSIS: UNIT 459841 21914 1 (unit
psyche analysis) – structural or functional patterns
the functions that act as minimal ones are not further decomposed.
parts of the integral psyche and retaining the basic properties
of this whole. This concept is used in psychology in
three interrelated meanings:
1) as a universal component of various processes
mental;
2) as a genetic (ontogenetic) source of processes
mental;
3) as a universal concept in describing mental processes
cheskie.
Analysis based on the selection of units is traditionally
is opposed to the dismemberment of the whole into elements that do not possess
having the basic properties of the whole, but exhibiting properties in
not detectable in the original whole. Isolated during the analysis
units should not be absolutized, because their character is determined
is determined by specific research objectives. Thus, in biology,
division as units of analysis of a living cell or biological
of this type made it possible to solve fundamentally different theore-
tical and applied problems.
In modern science, a system of requirements has been formulated for
units of analysis of the psyche: they must be internally connected-
a structure where the properties of the whole are presented; the ability to
development and self-development; the ability to form an open
taxonomic series, etc.
PSYCHE:UNDERSTANDINGDYNAMIC
859841 219181 (dynamic understanding of the psyche) is one of the main
basic principles and methods of psychoanalytic research
ation, oriented towards understanding it as a constantly moving
a system operating under the constant influence of various
external and especially internal factors that pre-
express various spiritual forces and purposefulness
corrected tendencies, working in accordance with or in opposition to
false.
PSYCHE: STRUCTURE 519841 219189 48 – in structural
The psyche is divided into three levels: conscious, subconscious
conscious and unconscious.
PSYCHE: CULTURAL-HISTORICAL THEORY
519841 819 21918 – according to it, a person develops a special type of mental functions – higher mental functions, full-
are absent in animals.
PERCEPTIVE PSYCHE 148841 21918 – More complex
the structure of activity in representatives of the perceptual psyche
is expressed through the idea of selecting operations. At this stage,
each behavioral act is formed in ontogenesis by means of reaction
ization of genetically fixed components of species experience
in the process of individual learning.
HUMAN PSYCHE: SYSTEM
45959841 21918 – components of the human mental apparatus
centuries, parts of the dynamic model of the psyche.
MENTAL:PROCESSUALITY
45984148 21918 (mental as a process) – the concept of disclosure
is the basic mode of existence of the psychic. It exists
exists primarily as a process – living, extremely flexible, continuous, never completely set initially, but forming and developing, generating certain products or results – mental states and images, concepts,
feelings, solving or not solving a problem, etc. The concept of mental
logical as a process reveals the unity of consciousness and activity
sti, because the human psyche manifests itself and is formed in activity.
activities.
PSYCHOANALYSIS 519459498 5284 (psychoanalytic therapy)
skaya) is a psychological direction. Initially it was formed
as a method of treating neuroses; then it turned into a general psychological
a logical theory that placed the driving forces at the center of attention.
mental life, motives, desires, meanings; subsequently
became one of the important directions of philosophy of the 20th century. It is based on
the idea that behavior is determined not only and not so much
conscious as much as unconscious.
PSYCHOANALYSIS: THE IMPACT OF THERAPEUTIC-
SKOE 514149498 5284 – consists in the fact that when approaching
the repression of the unconscious to the conscious is destroyed,
the conditions for the formation of symptoms, pathogenic
the conflict turns into a normal one, which somehow
Zom must find a solution.
PSYCHOANALYSIS: PROBLEM 514899498 52984 – consists of
to help a suffering person understand the true cause
the order of suffering, hidden in the unconscious, to remember the forgotten
traumatic experiences, make them conscious and, as it were,
to relive; this leads to a cathartic effect. Reveal
hidden, make unconscious content conscious – and
therefore, accessible to understanding and partly control, - this is the case
giving psychoanalysis as a therapeutic method.
PSYCHOANALYSIS: GENERAL PRINCIPLE 5149459498 528498
- modern psychoanalysis practices two main principles
therapies that are directly related to the definition and
understanding the goals and objectives of psychoanalysis.
1. The first concept considers the task of psychoanalysis
treatment adaptation of the client. Adaptation is understood
as the ability of a person to act in the same way as a sick person acts
the majority of people of a given culture, and accepts social approval
identifiable patterns of behavior as criteria of mental health. 2.
The second concept understands psychoanalysis as healing of the soul and
considers the goal of therapy to be the optimal development of personal abilities
abilities and realization of individuality. It is oriented
for the healing of the soul and the attainment of mental health, which
inseparable from the fundamental human problem - achievement
goals of life: morality, integrity and the ability to love.
This therapy helps to achieve inner strength, integrity, self-
self-confidence, ability to judge and evaluate objectively,
which makes it less vulnerable and dependent on changing
times and other people's opinions.
PSYCHOANALYSIS: GOAL MAIN 519498459498 5284 –
help to distinguish truth from lies in ourselves; therapeutic
method - application of the thesis that truth makes man
free.
GROUP PSYCHOANALYSIS 19819459498 5284317 (ana-
group therapy) – the use of psychoanalytic therapy for
simultaneous treatment of a group of people is the most common
a type of group treatment using the principles and techniques
mov of psychoanalysis.
PSYCHOANALYSIS HUMANISTIC 498459498 5284
– considers the main problem to be the acquisition of psychological
freedom, true life in the conditions of society, striving
to suppress this freedom and level the personality, in connection with which a person most often “runs away from freedom” - because being oneself means the possibility of risk, the rejection of the usual stereotypical security. And a person becomes a conformist or an authoritarian, believing that this is freedom. In this way, he deprives himself of a real, full life, replacing true values with imaginary ones, among which the main one is the value of owning something.
PSYCHOANALYSIS DIDACTIC 519459498 5284482
(educational psychoanalysis, educational psychoanalysis) – established-
the traditional form and tradition of training specialists, ensuring
requiring all applicants to undergo a course of psychoanalysis
acquiring the qualification of a psychoanalyst. Upon completion
didactic psychoanalysis (usually lasting a month)
Future psychoanalysts play the role of clients and study together
they are a set of theoretical and cognitive foundations, principles,
methods, techniques, methods and organizational forms of psychoanalysis
lytic therapy.
STRUCTURAL PSYCHOANALYSIS 519198498 5228918 –
one of the directions of modern psychoanalysis, based on
the use of ideas about the special meaning of language to characterize
ki of the unconscious and for the treatment of psychoneurological diseases, and
also on a number of positions of structural linguistics, anthropological
gy and philosophy.
PSYCHOANALYSISPHENOMENOLOGICAL
519517459498 5284498 – a set of psychoanalytically oriented
oriented views and concepts aimed at expanding
a rigorous interpretation of the phenomenological components of psych-
choanalysis and its rethinking on the basis of phenomenological
concepts of consciousness.
PSYCHOANALYSISEXISTENTIAL
52851929459498 5284 is one of the psychoanalytically oriented
philosophical teachings; aimed at considering the human
century as a totality possessing a certain meaning. Psi-
existential choanalysis is one of the important channels of dissemination
the development of classical and modified ideas of psychoanalysis
for.
PSYCHOBIOGRAPHY 51981981914 – 1. Method of psychological-
analysis of specific individuals, primarily political
figures and their biographies. 2. The corresponding genre of life
descriptions that pay special attention to psychological factors
life. As a genre of biographies, psychobiography is used
increasing popularity.
PSYCHOGENETICS 894714 51918 – borderline with genetics
which area of psychology that uses genetic data and methods
genealogical. The subject of psychogenetics is interaction
heredity and environment in the formation of interindividual
variability of human psychological properties (functions of the
cognitive and motor, temperament), the origin of in-
individual psychological characteristics of a person, clarified
the role of genotype and environment in their formation.
PSYCHOGENY 548017 918 14 – various disorders
psyche, arising under the influence of short-term or long-term
of temporary mental trauma as a reaction to a difficult life
situation - due to a one-time, intense psychological
traumatic situation or as a result of a relatively weak
God, but long-term trauma.
PSYCHOGENIC 495741 91814 - arising as a result
influence of the psyche - as a result of strong emotional changes
worries, stress, etc.
PSYCHOHYGIENE 489418 – 1. Section of hygiene, studying
the influence of environmental conditions and environment on mental health
people's health. It also develops measures to maintain and strengthen health, to prevent mental disorders.
2. A set or complex of measures aimed at maintaining health
health and prevention of mental disorders.
PSYCHOHYGIENE 489 418 (mental hygiene and psychoprophylaxis
tic) - areas of medical psychology, the task of which is
providing specialized care to practically healthy
to people to prevent neuropsychiatric and other diseases
psychosomatic diseases, as well as to alleviate acute psycho-
traumatic reactions.
PSYCHEDELIC 521 618891062417 (hallucinogen; psychoto-
mimetic) - natural or synthetic substances capable of
to cause hallucinations - psychedelic states. Close to
neurotransmitters that they can replace or disrupt them
functioning.
PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS 528414 31918 (diagnostics of psycho-
logical) – making a diagnosis of psychological or accepted
making a qualified decision on the current psychological
the client's condition as a whole or about a particular psycho-
logical property.
PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS: A PROFESSIONAL REQUIREMENT
ONAL 54861701918 (professional requirements psi-
chodiagnostics) - to the work of the diagnostician and the methods used
a number of rather strict requirements are imposed. Thus, the diagnostician
must be thoroughly familiar with psychological theories,
on which the methods he uses are based; he must be able to
to win people over, gain their trust and achieve results
the reliability of their answers; he must know the diagnostics thoroughly.
ical techniques and conditions for their correct application.
PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS: PROFESSIONAL ETHICS 548617 01019918 – practical psychodiagnostics – all-
ma is a complex and responsible field of activity. It requires
appropriate education, skill and can seriously
touch the destinies of people when a medical facility is established on its basis
or forensic psychological diagnosis, a competitive assessment is made
selection or hiring. Therefore, the diagnostician is required to
a number of social and ethical requirements – principles of psychodiagnostic
sticks.
PSYCHODRAMA 548617 31918 (sociodrama) – 1. As an approach
to psychological correction, method and as a means of solving the problem
problems. 2. From a different point of view, psychodrama is considered
is considered as one of the projective methods, belonging to the group of catharsis methods.
The goal of psychodrama is the diagnosis and therapy of inadequate co-
states and emotional reactions, their elimination, development
social perception, deepening of self-knowledge.
PSYCHOSIS 18543219 – profound mental disorders, act-
mental activity; manifested in a violation of the reflection of reality
world, the possibility of knowing it, changing behavior and attitudes towards the environment. Their manifestations are varied and mo-
may be accompanied by delirium, clouding of consciousness, rude
memory and thinking disorders, changes in the emotional sphere
nal, senseless and uncontrolled actions, etc.
ALCOHOL PSYCHOSIS 14423519 – the following are distinguished
groups of these psychoses:
1) acute – for example, delirium tremens;
2) chronic – for example, alcoholic delusional jealousy;
3) Korsakovsky's psychosis - chronic alcoholic hallucinations
cynicism.
PSYCHOHISTORY 408641 598148 – direction in socio-
science, history and psychology, aimed at in-depth research
prolongation, understanding and explanation of historical events and
processes through the interpretation of individual, group and
social mental facts and factors.
PSYCHOKINESIS 31941891819 – human impact on
surrounding objects without known physical intermediaries.
This is how you can influence the electrical activity of plants.
nija; on the position of light objects in space.
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 4951641 31918 – section of psychol-
gyi is a discipline that studies speech behavior, studying
the conditioning of speech processes and its perception by the structure of the
responsible language, or language in general.
PSYCHOLYSIS 489641 31918 – a form of psychotherapy of the imagin-
tive. It involves the use of hallucinogenic drugs –
such as LSD, psilocybin, mescaline. Before diving into
the narcotic state is carried out psychoanalytically struc-
a guided discussion of the client's traumatic experiences,
from which the main scenarios for working with personality are formulated
associated images. Then, at the stage of producing hallucinations,
cinator images, the client who remains in a clear consciousness
and can communicate with the therapist, tries to implement these scenarios and thereby process traumatic experiences. In this case, the associative method can be used, with the therapist controlling the flow of free associations, directing them in the right direction. This method is especially successful in chronic neuroses, phobias, sexual perversions, alcoholic and psychotic borderline states.
PSYCHOLOGIST 310648 – 1. A scientist or specialist in psycho-
logy. 2. An expert in human psychology, psyche.
PSYCHOLOGIST: PROFESSIONAL ETHICS 31064849
- the implementation of specific tasks by a psychologist in his/her activities
moral requirements, norms of behavior - both in the relationship
decisions with colleagues, the scientific community, and with subjects
mi, respondents, persons seeking psychological
help.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST 310648514 – employs pre-
property in hospitals and mental health centers or
in consulting rooms. Most often they deal with
people who complain of a state of anxiety, expressed
in disorders of functional emotional or sexual
of a specific nature, or difficulties in communication or overcoming
everyday troubles. The psychologist must understand the problem of the
topics of conversations with the client or psychological examination, and
to select and apply the most appropriate therapy.
PEDAGOGICAL PSYCHOLOGIST 901310648 – its func-
tions - improving learning conditions so that they are as good as possible
correspond to the needs and abilities of students.
A pedagogical psychologist is engaged in the development of effective
methods of teaching, in particular, using the discoveries of psycho-
cognitive science and theorists studying learning processes
nia. In recent times, some educational psychologists have become
specialize in the field of "classroom management", helping pre-
to the feeders to develop such psychological and social
skills that enable you to create a pleasant and productive school environment
tive environment.
PRACTICAL PSYCHOLOGIST 321710648 – to his sphere
activities include psychodiagnostics, development of recommendations
dats to change the situation and direct work with
people, based on the use of special psychological
ical techniques. The choice of techniques depends mainly on
What psychological system is the psychologist focused on?
INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGIST 34981 06148 – his func-
tions – to help employees choose a specialty or job, especially
particularly suited to their interests and abilities. Recommended
assessments are most often based on the results of interviews or tests.
SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST 219310648 – his functions are to
to help students choose a specialty or job, especially
that matches their interests and abilities. Recommendations
most often based on the results of interviews or tests.
PSYCHOLOGIST-ERGONOMIST 318140648 – His functions –
improving working conditions so that they correspond as best as possible
took into account the needs and abilities of the workers.
PSYCHOLOGISM SOCIOLOGICAL 344810648 714 –
a direction in sociology that takes as its main premise
ku research and explanation of social phenomena and processes
action and interaction of social, group and individual
dual mental factors.
PSYCHOLOGY 51849101648891798 – the science of regular-
aspects of the development and functioning of the psyche as a special form
life activity, based on the manifestation in self-observation of special experiences that are not related to the external world. The field of knowledge about the internal - mental - world of a person.
PSYCHOLOGY 518459101648891798 (measurements in psychol-
gyi) – procedures for determining the quantitative expression
psychological phenomena. They use a variety of
scales containing a certain set of positions placed in
some correspondence with psychological elements.
PSYCHOLOGY: HISTORIOGRAPHY 459101 648891798 –
a set of studies whose object is the history of psychol-
gy. The task of the historiography of psychology is to reconstruct the pro-
the past for the development of a general theory of the development of psychological
ideas, disclosure of the conditions and reasons for this development, the natural
of the mechanisms for obtaining new knowledge about mental re-
ality, interaction of science and social practice.
PSYCHOLOGY: METHOD 518459 101648891 – methods,
changeable in psychology are divided as follows: 1) method-
The main ones are observation and experiment; 2) auxiliary methods
telnye – all the rest: method of expert assessments, methods
survey, self-observation method, test method, etc.
PSYCHOLOGY: REVIEW 51845910 648891798 – to make it clearer
to present various directions and schools in psychology,
personal approaches to it, here they are “sorted” accordingly
in accordance with their ideas about how behavior is formed
individual.
PSYCHOLOGY:INDUSTRY SPECIAL
51845910164889179889 – this includes, for example, psychology
age-related, educational psychology, pathopsychology, neuro-
psychology, labor psychology, engineering psychology, psychology
social psychology, zoopsychology, etc. They deal with various
stages and levels of mental development of animals and
a person with mental defects and illnesses, with unusual conditions
of labor, etc. Thus, the structure is illuminated from different sides
and organization of the psyche.
PSYCHOLOGY: APPROACH 51845 (direction in psychol-
gyi) - a number of different approaches are used in psychology
to the subject of the study, to the methodology, etc. In this regard
we can highlight:
8) psychoanalytic approach;
9) socio-psychological approach;
10) structuralist approach;
14) functionalist approach;
14) eclectic approach.
PSYCHOLOGY:CONSTRUCTIONCATEGORICAL
5 18451648891798 – an extremely general, deep, developing cognitive structure that reflects mental reality in its entirety and its specific characteristics. It is formed under the influence of social practice, including the practice of scientific research. It determines the construction of specific theories and empirical knowledge. To identify its components, the level of their development and the forms of interrelation, a special categorical analysis is needed.
1) biological approach;
2) behaviorist approach;
3) humanistic approach;
4) activity-based approach;
5) dualistic approach;
6) informational approach;
7) cognitive approach;
8) psychoanalytic approach;
9) socio-psychological approach;
10) structuralist approach;
14) functionalist approach;
14) eclectic approach.
PSYCHOLOGY:CONSTRUCTIONCATEGORICAL
5 18451648891798 – extremely general, deep, developing
cognitive structure that reflects mental reality
in its integrity and its specific characteristics
ka. It is formed under the influence of social practice, including
including the practice of scientific research. It determines the construction
the development of specific theories and empirical knowledge. To identify
its components, the level of their development and forms of interrelation are needed
special categorical analysis.
PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY 59101648 9891798 – psi-
chology has been an organic part of philosophy since ancient times.
AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY 101498191648891798 –
a branch of psychology that studies the activities of specialists-
aviators. Its subject is the psyche of a person managing a complex
aviation systems. The object is the activity of individuals.
and the collective, its content, conditions and organization. Subject
studies - flight and engineering personnel, etc.
PSYCHOLOGYANALYTICAL
548459101648891798 289 – direction in psychology – in that
including depth psychology, sociology and psychoanalysis. According to
In relation to psychoanalysis and Freudianism, it acts as a reform-
a mystical movement that rejected a number of fundamental
provisions of classical psychoanalysis: on the nature and essence
psychic energy, about the place and role of sexuality, about the specifics
and the range of action of the Oedipus complex, etc.
PSYCHOLOGYASSOCIATIONAL910
2981 1648891798 (associative psychology) – psychological
directions in which the unit of analysis of the psyche is recognized as as-
sociation. It was based on the principle formulated by Spinoza.
the law, now called the law of association, is specific
connections established between ideas.
MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 5184591648891798 – branch
psychology, which studies the psychological characteristics of various
types of military activities depending on the social
historical conditions, level of military equipment, characteristics
personalities of soldiers, characteristics of the military collective, methods
combat and political training. Develops advantages
essentially ways to improve command methods or
strengthening ties between different groups. Develops re-
recommendations for improving the theory and practice of study,
selection, training, education of military personnel, political
educational work, psychological preparation of soldiers and
management of personnel. Also studies me-
methods used by partisans and methods of infiltrating enemy agents into troops.
AGE PSYCHOLOGY 1648891798 – branch of psy-
chology, which studies the patterns of stages of mental development
development and formation of personality in connection with age – over the course of
research into human ontogenesis from birth to old age.
EASTERN PSYCHOLOGY 016518459101648891798 – in
In Eastern culture, life is viewed in its fullness not as
a chain of phenomena that needs to be explained, but rather as an integral
the most important part of the Universe, to the unity of which it is involved.
PSYCHOLOGY GENETIC 648891798 – tries
understand how human mental development occurs from the first
hours of life. A number of studies have emerged showing that time
intrauterine life is a very important stage of psychological development
development, since a significant part of the baby’s perceptions and connections with the world are already emerging at this time.
DEEP PSYCHOLOGY 8914101648891798 – collection
a general concept denoting a number of different areas of psychology and psychiatry that attach decisive importance – in the activity of an individual, in the organization of behavior and the formation of his personality – to various unconscious components hidden in the “depths” of the psyche – irrational, affective-emotional, instinctive and intuitive impulses, tendencies, attitudes hidden behind the surface of consciousness, in the depths of the individual.
PSYCHOLOGYHUMANISTIC
19518459101648891798 is one of the leading directions of modern
of the Western, predominantly American psychology.
It is called humanistic because it recognizes the personal as the main subject.
ness as a unique integral system that represents
itself is not something given in advance, but an open possibility of self-
actualization; based on the belief in the possibility of each person flourishing
a person if he is given the opportunity to choose for himself
your destiny and direct it.
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 164889 88414798 – branch of psy-
chology, which studies the patterns of mental development
children. The main subject of analysis is the driving causes and
conditions for the development of ontogenetic individual processes of psi-
chemical in children, including the formation of various types
activities.
PSYCHOLOGYDYNAMIC
01484591016488 31991798 –
1. A section of psychology that has
subject of motivation of behavior, desires, emotions, conflicts
personality, - dynamic (motivational, affective) as-
aspect of mental life, as opposed to its intellectual pro-
phenomena.
2. A branch of foreign psychology that considers
all mental activity from the position of its continuous dynam-
Miki, activities.
DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY 101648891798 –
a branch of psychology that studies individual psychological
differences between individuals and between groups of people, and
the causes and consequences of these differences.
PRE-SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY 48891798 – actually pre-
the scientific stage of development of psychology began with the question posed
lent by Hellenic philosophy: what is the soul – an independent
a material substance or a property of another substance (material
rii). This stage ended only at the end of the 19th century. It was a time
mainly philosophical reflections on the soul: the soul was
the subject of intellectual analysis, but not the object of study.
PSYCHOLOGY OF INTERROGATION, TESTIMONY 518 (psychological
interrogation and testimony) is a forensic branch of psychology that studies
which reveals psychological patterns of obtaining, fixing,
assessments by law enforcement officials of the significance
to establish the truth of information from witnesses, victims
suspects, accused. Interrogation is considered as
a specific form of communication regulated by law,
having a cooperative or confrontational nature.
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY 58948891798 –
a direction in psychology (also in depth psychology), co-
sociology and psychoanalysis. The central idea is about the unconscious
the human desire for perfection.
ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY 518459101648891898 – from-
a branch of psychology that studies the processes and means of information
interaction between man and machine, activity
in the human-machine system, the interaction of humans and technical devices. It arose in the context of scientific and technical
revolution that transformed the structure of production labor
yes, the most important components of which were the processes of recovery
reception and processing of operational information, decision-making
decisions under time constraints.
The main task of engineering psychology is research
processes of receiving, processing and storing human information
com, produced during the design of technical devices
and managing them.
PSYCHOLOGY INTROSPECTIVE 5184514648891798
– a number of directions in psychology that use as the only
method of studying the psyche introspection, the method of introspection
active – observation of the subject of the content and acts of his own
of personal consciousness.
PSYCHOLOGY OF ART 5184591 01648891798498 –
a branch of psychology that studies the process of perception and creation
works of art; its subject is the properties and states of the individual
ties that determine the creation and perception of artistic
values and the influence of these values on her life.
Engaged in the study of problems of artistic creativity and
the artist's personality, the perception of works of art,
features of the structure of works of art.
PSYCHOLOGY OF STAGE ARTS
5184548891798 18 – a field of psychology that studies creativity
the activities of stage artists - actors, directors - and
the process of perception of stage works by the audience.
CORRECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY 5184598541 618 –
a branch of legal psychology that studies the characteristics of activities
mental capacity in the context of the application of criminal penalties
education and re-educational activities, - conditions and features
the need for correction and re-education of offenders (pre-
property in correctional labor institutions):
1) intellectual and personal properties;
2) the process of adaptation to staying in correctional institutions
zhdeniyah;
3) mental states caused by deprivation of liberty;
4) methods of developing a positive attitude towards work;
5) methods of forming an attitude towards correction.
She studies both the psychology of individual offenders,
as well as the structure of formal and informal groups in places of
exclusions, psychological mechanisms of their occurrence and func-
onations.
PSYCHOLOGYHISTORICAL
189 518459101648891798 – studies personality traits, worldview
perception, thinking, formation of behavior standards, mutual
relationships, features of emerging groups in different
historical eras and in different cultures.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 1648891798 59814 – ob-
a field of medical psychology that studies psychological processes
inclinations and psychological characteristics of people included in
the healing process, - mental factors of origin and te-
treatment of diseases, the impact of diseases on personality, psychological
aspects of healing effects.
PSYCHOLOGY COGNITIVE 518459108891798 514 –
one of the leading directions of modern foreign psychology
gyi. It is based on the fact that any association between a stimulus and
reaction is created first in the brain. Uses these theories
information and its application to computer science, as well as studies of speech development, which allow us to understand in a new way the mechanisms of the complication of mental processes.
PSYCHOLOGY OF COMPUTERIZATION 219644298648518
– a branch of psychology that studies the generation, functioning,
the reflection and structure of mental reality in activity
the activity of individuals and groups associated with the creation and use of
computers, including their software.
PSYCHOLOGYCONSULTATIVE
518459101648891798 498 714 – section of knowledge containing sy-
a systematic description of the process of providing psychological support
power - consulting. It comes from the idea that with
with the help of a specially organized communication process among the clients
ent, additional psychological systems can be updated
skills and abilities, which in turn can provide
finding new ways out of difficult life situations
situations.
SPACE PSYCHOLOGY 518101648891798 – from-
a branch of psychology (a section of labor psychology) devoted to the study of
following the psychological characteristics of the astronaut's work,
their dependence on a number of specific factors - weightlessness,
hypodynamia, relative sensory deprivation and others, and
also methods and techniques for the purposeful organization of activities
mental activity of the astronaut during the preparation and implementation
the implementation of space flights.
It is a continuation of the branch of aviation psychology;
due to the extreme conditions of life
astronauts and the complexity of the tasks they perform additionally
It includes many sections of other branches of psychology.
logy: engineering, medical, social, pedagogical, and
etc.
PSYCHOLOGYSPACEENGINEERING
518891798 4916481 – provides design stages, development
development and creation of manned spacecraft taking into account
the characteristics and properties of a person, the one who will specifically
will live and work in these devices and control them. Its add-
The main task is to develop special training equipment
devices and simulators of the conditions of the astronaut's activity, with a max-
the maximum approximation of simulating real conditions and
factors of space flight.
PSYCHOLOGYCRIMINAL
917985184591016488917 – the field of legal psychology.
Studies the formation of illegal activity and the possibility
the nature of its prevention, psychological mechanisms of law-
violations and psychology of offenders, problems of education
formation, structure, functioning and disintegration of criminal groups.
CRITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 1648 219891798 –
a direction of Marxist-oriented psychology that arose
neck in Germany at the turn of the 60s and 70s of the 20th century. A special place in
Critical psychology is concerned with the study of sociogenesis –
development of the psyche in specific types of society, as well as studying
representatives of specific social groups, classes,
ev society, etc.
MASS PSYCHOLOGY 59848891798 – a branch of psychology,
which deals with the study of individuals as members of a tribe
of the people, the institution, etc.; or as an integral part
a crowd that has organized itself into a mass at a certain time for
a specific purpose.
MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY 8891798214 – branch
psychology, which studies the psychological aspects of hygiene,
prevention, diagnostics, treatment, examination and rehabilitation
patients. Determines the specifics of the relationship between the doctor and
patients. Substantiates the procedures for diagnosis, treatment,
prevention, rehabilitation of patients.
MUSICAL PSYCHOLOGY 51845910164889147841
– a branch of art psychology that studies the impact of music
on a person and his active musical activity.
PSYCHOLOGY OF SCIENCE 894519848891798 – the branch studied
studying the psychological factors of scientific activity for the purpose of
increasing its efficiency. Interprets these factors based on the
attention to science as a socially organized system of special
type of spiritual production, the products of which reflect
reality in empirically controlled logical forms.
SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGY 8948459101648891798178914 –
Scientific psychology finds such general concepts that
which not only economize descriptions, but also for many particular
ties allow us to see general trends and patterns
development of personality and its individual characteristics.
LEARNING PSYCHOLOGY 289101648891798 – section
pedagogical psychology, which studies the formation of activity
cognitive activity. It is based on the idea that taking into account age-
The assessment of the students' individual and personal characteristics should be carried out
to be guided by the level that they can achieve in
in the near future, and learning is not just a transfer
knowledge, but the formation of motivation and personality.
GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 51748891798 – discipline, attempt-
seeking to find answers to fundamental questions that arise
before psychology as a whole, to develop theoretical principles
py, substantiate the methods of psychological knowledge, formulate-
to identify the basic patterns of existence and development of psi-
chemical reality. The totality of theoretical and experimental
mental research that reveals the most general psychological
logical laws, theoretical principles and methods
psychology, its basic concepts and categorical structure.
PSYCHOLOGY OF SCIENTIFIC WORK ORGANIZATION
9179898178917 – A branch of psychology that studies the regularity of
the improvement of the mental component of the process
labor. Its emergence was influenced to a certain extent by in-
formatics, theory and practice of artificial intelligence.
OBJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY 891798 – conditional ob-
the importance of psychological schools focused on the application
the introduction of so-called objective methods of analysis based on
on conventional rules for recording mental phenomena.
Opposite in its methodological foundations to psycho-
subjective or introspective. In different directions.
in the sciences of objective psychology as distinguished subjects
may include: behavior - in behaviorism, reactions - in
reactology, reflexes – in reflexology, etc.
PEDAGOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 51845910164 498 –
a branch of psychology that studies the laws of the process of
acquisition of social experience by an individual in specially
organized learning, psychological problems of learning
and education.
POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 4219889179 518981 –
the field of psychology that studies psychological components –
moods, opinions, feelings, value orientations, etc., and
also their features - in the political life of society, the formation
manifested and demonstrated at the level of political consciousness and self-
consciousness of nations, classes, social groups, governments, in-
dividends and implemented in specific political actions.
PRACTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 89814891798 – unites areas of psychology serving practice – aimed at helping people experiencing difficulties in their personal
life.
PROJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY 891798718 – its main
The provisions are as follows:
1) the integrity of the personality as a single “organism”, interrelated
the responsibility of its individual functions, their determination of “personality”
"thematic context";
2) the unity of the individual and the social environment, their inseparability
and constant interaction;
3) the subject of projective research is not objective data
wearing of personality and environment, and subjective conceptualization
these relationships by the individual:
4) personality is a self-regulating system, the purpose of which is to or-
organization of subjective experience according to adaptive tasks;
5) personality is a unique system of cognitive processes,
needs, traits and adaptation methods that form its indi-
visual style.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PROPAGANDA 459101648891798 314 –
an applied section of social psychology, having as its subject
patterns of interaction between people in systems formed
source of propaganda and audience, as well as the influence of the object-
positive and subjective factors on the course and results of this pro-
process.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 5184591 0164 3178891798 – ob-
area of psychological research where knowledge and
the processes and patterns of psychological and behavioral
human development in ontogenesis.
PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL DIFFERENCES – a section of psycho-
differential science, which studies the differences between individuals.
dams, conditioned or mediated by their gender
or related to it. It has important practical
importance for the selection of professional and professional orientation
onal, for solving many problems of medical and psychological
family services.
PSYCHOLOGY OF ADVERTISING 89179855819 – deals with
assessing the needs or expectations of consumers, creating demand for
a marketable product - from toothpaste to a health program
political figure.
PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION 518459101648891798 49814 –
a branch of psychology that studies psychological and social
psychological factors that determine the characteristics of the so-
knowledge of religion, its structure and functions. Tries to understand
and explain the behavior of believers in general and representatives of different
personal sects.
PSYCHOLOGY OF FAMILY AND MARRIAGE 51845 318 491 – inter-
a disciplinary direction in psychology that studies the problem of
we marriage and family; includes research in the field of so-
sociology, economics, ethnography, history, jurisprudence, de-
mographs, etc.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 16848891798 – branch
psychology, which studies psychological characteristics and laws
dimensions of human behavior and activity, determined by their
inclusion in social groups and existence in them, and
also the psychological characteristics of these groups themselves.
examines the patterns of interaction between the individual and society,
formation and development of groups. One of the leading branches of psycho-
logy.
SPECIAL PSYCHOLOGY 798217 49064019 – from-
a branch of psychology that studies people who are characterized by
deviation from normal mental development associated with
congenital or acquired defects of formation and
functioning of the nervous system. Studies various variants
you have pathologies of mental development, problems of abnormal
development of the psyche. Special attention is paid to the study of the special
features of mentally retarded children with lesions of the cortex
brain, and children with impaired activity of the analyzer
ditch, speech underdevelopment with intact hearing.
SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 51648 981648 891 798 – direction
a branch of psychology that studies the patterns of manifestation and development
ment of the psyche, as well as group interactions in conditions
sports competitive and training activities.
COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY 51845164889159818 –
a branch of psychology devoted to the analysis of the evolution of the psyche, –
covering issues related to anthropogenesis, becoming
the study of human consciousness and the general and diverse
in the mental activity of humans and animals (problem
social and biological in human behavior). Considered
addresses the problems of mental development in phylogenesis, with an emphasis on
comparison of the psyche of animals and humans. Within its framework,
the integration of data obtained in zoopsychology, psi-
chology of historical and ethnicity. In the comparative psychological analysis of ontogenesis and phylogenesis, certain conclusions are made
conclusions about the similarity of a number of processes of mental animals
and of man, as well as of qualitative differences caused by the action
the impact of socio-historical factors that led to the emergence of
the formation and development of labor and social life activities
no, articulate speech and consciousness.
Comparative psychological analysis is based on comparison
the use of zoopsychological data (especially the results of studies
monkeys) and psychology.
FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY 5184101648891798 – branch
legal psychology, which studies a range of issues related to-
to legal proceedings - the patterns of activity during the dis-
prosecutions, judicial proceedings and prevention of pre-
interventions. The main task is to find out what
personal qualities determine successful professional
activities of forensic investigators, and how these
properties can be purposefully formed.
PSYCHOLOGY OF CREATIVITY 51845 91016 8194 – section
psychology, which studies the process of scientific discovery, invention,
niy, creation of works of art, is an area of research
psychological creative activity of people in science, literature
in art, music, fine and performing arts, in
invention and rationalization. Seeks to understand the experience
artist and its formation in the individual. Methodological
the basis is the principle of historicism. A special section is formed by the study
creative activities of children.
PSYCHOLOGYTOPOLOGICAL
518459101891798 149 – Gestalt concept of personality, co-
which describes human behavior in the outside world
can be achieved by using special mathematical
concepts of topology (the science that studies spatial transformations)
formation) and vector analysis. To build a model of the struc-
tours of the individual and his interactions with the external environment are used
the language of topology is used. The initial principle is taken to be the “life pro-
“space” of the individual as a holistic field within which the emergence of
cabins and his psychological forces change - aspirations,
intentions and others that have a specific direction,
size and points of application.
PSYCHOLOGYTRANSPERSONAL
518459648891798 – appeared in the 60s of the XX century. First of all
This refers to the ultimate capabilities of the psyche, to the so-called
mystical experiences, mystical consciousness and
and other forms of special spiritual experience that require
analysis of the view from a non-traditional scientific perspective. In the center
transpersonal psychology – “psychology beyond the personal-
"states of consciousness" - the so-called altered states of consciousness,
the existence of which can lead to a change in fundamental
values, spiritual rebirth and the attainment of integrity.
LABOR PSYCHOLOGY 5189648891798 – the field of psychol-
gy, which studies the patterns of manifestation of various psychological
logical mechanisms in labor activity, patterns
the formation of specific forms of this activity and relationship
man to work. Its object is the activity of the individual in production conditions and in the conditions of reproduction of his labor force. Its foundations were formed under the influence of medicine, physiology, technology, sociology and political economy.
PSYCHOLOGY OF MANAGEMENT
518459648891798 498174891 is a branch of psychology that studies
psychological patterns of management activity.
Its main task is to analyze psychological conditions and especially
the latter in order to improve efficiency and quality
work in the control system.
PSYCHOLOGY PHYSIOLOGICAL 8459 – section
psychology, dedicated to the study of physiological mechanisms
mov functions of higher mental - physiological processes,
which accompany mental processes or are associated
them, but in which psychology should not look for “its” laws.
It is divided into psychophysiology and neuropsychology.
FUNCTIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 518459 6481798 28
- a psychological direction, characterized by predominantly
orientation towards the study of adaptive functions of the psi-
hiki, the adaptive role of consciousness in behavior. Explores the process-
consciousness from the standpoint of their function in the adaptation of the organism
by Wednesday.
CHORMIC PSYCHOLOGY 498891798 (psychology
hormic) is a direction in psychology. The basis of any phenomenon
a special immaterial force serves as a psychic force - horme
(gorme), manifested in the form of instincts.
PSYCHOLOGYHOLISTIC
518459648891798 8948891798 – a number of areas in psychology,
the methodology of which is focused on the study of the holistic
the structure of the psyche and consciousness.
SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 518459 5 548891798 – conditional
the name adopted here to denote psychology
training and education at school age.
EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY 891798 4987418 –
a psychological direction based on the principles of psycho-
humanistic theory and proceeding from the primacy of human existence
century, with which the basic existential
problems, stress and anxiety.
ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 5184596 9148891798
(environmental psychology) is a recently emerged interdisciplinary
area of knowledge about the psychological aspects of relationships
man and the external environment - spatial-geographical,
social, cultural - organically included in life
activity and serves as an important factor in regulating behavior and
social interaction. Engaged in the study of the most effective
effective ways to improve conditions in populated areas and
various places of human activity. Particular attention is paid to
problems of noise, pollution of the environment with toxic substances
properties and accumulation of waste.
ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY 5184596491798 48 –
a branch of psychology that studies psychological phenomena associated with
associated with spatial relationships.
PSYCHOLOGYEXPERIMENTAL
5184597148 879891798 – general designation of various types of research of mental phenomena using experimental methods.
EXTREME PSYCHOLOGY 5 98456189648891798
– a branch of psychology that studies general psychological laws
the number of life and human activity in the changed - not-
habitual conditions of existence: during aviation and
space flights, scuba diving, being in labor
in accessible areas of the globe, underground, etc.
LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY 4896419 71814 – general
a branch of psychology that studies the patterns and mechanisms of action
mental activity in the sphere of relations regulated by law
niy, - psychological manifestations in the context of the application of the rules
in the implementation of legal activities.
PSYCHOMETRY 4988941 71819 (psychometrics) – section
psychology, studying theoretical and methodological pro-
problems of psychological measurements. The most important feature of psycho-
metric procedures - their standardization, which implies
conducting research under the most constant possible conditions
external conditions. Based on the data obtained, constructions are made
various scales of individual properties and a conclusion is made about
reliability and validity of a particular method or test.
PSYCHONEUROSIS 498917191814 – neuroses, the cause of which
– purely mental factors, in contrast to neuroses, arise from
arising from organic causes.
PSYCHOPATH 31918 – a person suffering from psychopathy.
PSYCHOPATHY 918 49132196 – character pathology – non-
adequate development of his emotional-volitional traits, in which
the subject experiences a practically irreversible expression
the presence of properties that prevent its adequate adaptation in the environment
de social. A group of mental illnesses that manifest themselves in
disharmonious character, temperament and behavior,
from which both the individual and those around him suffer. Psychopaths suffer from
It is characterized, first of all, by the inadequacy of emotional experiences.
niy, a tendency towards depressive and obsessive states.
It is customary to distinguish the following classic types of psychopaths:
Cycloids 9167981
Schizoids 48139517294
Epiliptoids 8941975647
Asthenics 8543267918
Psychoasthenics 598 494 71985694
Psychopaths paranoid 514 985714921064
Psychopaths hysterical 5183174961894
Psychopaths are unstable 398691
Psychopaths organic 89497541
PSYCHOPATHY: CRITERION 49167548917 (criteria for psycho-
Gannushkin-Kerbikov pathologies) - the character can be considered pa-
tologically, to be assessed as psychopathy, according to the following signs:
1) relative stability over time - small changes
during life;
2) totality of manifestations – the same character traits
are found everywhere, in any circumstances;
3) social maladjustment (perhaps the most important
sign); consists in the fact that a person constantly has life-
difficulties experienced either by himself or by those around him
, or both.
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 496 71859647 – section of general teaching
about diseases, studying the causes, patterns and mechanisms
the emergence, course and development of psychoses and other disorders
mental. Also develops principles of their classification,
treatment methods, etc.
CULTURAL-PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
5943287916 – The starting point in the development of personality is believed to be
"basic anxiety" is an unconscious experience of hostility.
the world's debility to man. From the standpoint of the influence of culture, it
is determined by the contradictory values offered by culture.
ties, which is especially characteristic of intensively developing
cultures. This leads to internal conflicts and the embodiment of
is that a person cannot choose something specific and,
moreover, unable to desire anything specific. In re-
As a result, he “escapes” from reality into illusory visions.
the ideas that guide him in life.
GENERAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 217 894 798653217 – One
from the definitions of general psychopathology: the discipline that studies
general patterns of mental disorders, the nature of the type
of psychopathological processes that may arise
in various diseases and therefore have a general meaning.
Establishing the basic patterns of mental disorders
allows us to reveal their nature, origin and further
higher development, as well as to deepen the study of individual characteristics
features of the pathological process. Theoretical generalizations
help to penetrate deeper into the essence of a particular disease
diseases and illnesses of a particular individual.
PSYCHOSEXUALITY 219394851647 - any feelings
and impulses arising from the source of the original sexual
nal drives. The term is intended to emphasize the inseparable
the connection between sexual and mental life.
PSYCHOSEMANTICS 591328 4948741 – the field of psycho-
gy, which studies the genesis, structure and functioning of the individual
dual system of meanings that mediates the processes of perception
tion, thinking, memory, decision making, etc.
PSYCHOSYNTHESIS 85439679817 – automatic and inevitable
the process of gaining unity and harmonization of the psychic
life of a neurotic as a consequence of effective psychoanalytic
sian therapy.
PSYCHOSYNTHESIS SENSORIMOTOR 51831946 2 –
control of the state and consciousness of the subject in the process of special
suggestive dialogue. It consists of the gradual formation
he has a holistic image of the simulated reality
by means of a special sequence of test tasks,
involving concentration on sensations,
experiences and ideas that arise when solving them. Psi-
sensorimotor chosynthesis is aimed at integrating activity
systems of sensory and motor activity of the subject accordingly
according to the structure and logic of the constructed image and modeling
our reality.
PSYCHOSOMATICS – 91 8943175948 482 – 1. Direction
psychology (a section of medical psychology) that studies
the influence of psychological factors on the occurrence of various diseases
somatic diseases, on the development of functional and organ-
ical disorders.2. The same as psychosomatic medicine.
PSYCHOTHERAPY 491 87 2196401489 – provision of psychological
logical assistance to people with various psychological problems
difficulties - complex therapeutic verbal and non-verbal
impact on emotions, judgments, self-awareness of a person when
many mental, nervous and psychosomatic diseases
skykh. A set of various mental influences,
aimed at eliminating painful deviations and at healing
ment. In general, it implies an influence on the psyche, including
attitude towards oneself, one's condition, towards other people, towards
environment and life in general. Can be carried out in the form of indi-
individual (e.g. individual counseling) and
group (games, discussions, etc.).
AVERSION PSYCHOTHERAPY 917318549379482471 –
a form of behavioral psychotherapy based on education
links between undesirable behavior and subjectively unpleasant
a unique experience.
Most often, aversive psychotherapy is used to treat
treatment of alcoholism, smoking, sexual dysfunction
(Here, as a rule, undesirable behavior is demonstrated in videos).
GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY 51876943971518 – is-
use of patterns of interpersonal interaction in
group for treatment and achievement of physical and mental
human well-being.
PSYCHOTHERAPY DESENSITIZATION
814514 48 (systematic desensitization psychotherapy) –
a form of behavioral psychotherapy aimed at reducing
emotional sensitivity regarding certain situations
tions.
INTERACTIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY 4926785981 – method
deep psychotherapy, the condition of which is the achievement of
participants experience altered states of consciousness.
PSYCHOTHERAPY COGNITIVE 519 91671982 – method
psychotherapy is based on the development of optimal methods of assessing
assessment and self-assessment. The basis of the method is
the assertion that cognition is the primary determinant of
the phenomena of certain emotions, which in turn determine
they give meaning to holistic behavior.
PSYCHOTHERAPY COMMUNICATION
5182163971 894517 – a method of psychotherapy based on opti-
mization of interpersonal communications. Due to this, the purpose of the
therapy aims to change the rules by which communication is built.
nication in certain social groups, for which they are used
special techniques are used to relieve fear and eliminate aggression;
to improve verbal and non-verbal communication; to
awareness of internal and external relationships. As an addi-
The following psychotherapeutic techniques are used in the treatment of alcoholics:
as a paradoxical intention, description of a symptom, release
from anxiety, physical contact, etc.
PSYCHOTHERAPYBY ACCUMULATION OF TOKENS
54938148785 – a form of behavioral psychotherapy based
on operant learning. It consists in the fact that the acceptable
behavior is reinforced positively, and unacceptable behavior is reinforced negatively.
Indeed, money acts as a means of stimulation
or their substitutes - "tokens". This method is aimed primarily
only to improve self-control. The greatest effect is achieved
is used for patients with reduced intelligence or psychopathic
violations.
PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR EXPERIENCE OF KATATYMNOGO
51839641 (psychotherapy of catathymic image experience) –
a form of imaginative psychotherapy based on processing
fantasy images that emerge in the client's mind, which
is in a hypnotic or narcotic state. When
When using this method, the therapist's task is to convince the client
that other operations are possible with respect to its symbols.
As therapy progresses, a scenario of actions is created for the client
must make the following session regarding his/her ob-
times. The entire therapeutic cycle usually lasts 20-50
sessions and goes through a number of stages: diagnosis of problems and conflicts
tov; eidetic elaboration of universal images; elaboration
as personally significant images.
BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOTHERAPY 49758641 – under
This name unites various approaches to psychotherapy
pi, which have in common a behavioral orientation: 1)
to correct behavior, for which sufficient
various approaches and methods; 2) to correct various
various psychological deviations and disorders by means of influence
influence on behavior and through behavior, including through the expression of
bots of the necessary behavioral skills.
RATIONAL PSYCHOTHERAPY 89749314 – method and
psychotherapy techniques using logical persuasion
as the main means of influencing the world of client ideas
that.
SOCIAL PSYCHOTHERAPY 59889467491 – antigu-
a manic system of methods for influencing social behavior.
Puts crime, mental illness and
political performances, interpreting them as the result of deviations
in the psyche. Methods of psychotherapy in this case are considered
are considered as supposedly adequate methods of correcting all forms of
inclinations.
PSYCHOTECHNIC 5917849574 – 1. Early stage of development
psychology of labor and engineering psychology, the main problem
which was the scientific organization of labor. A branch of psychology,
studying the problems of practical activities of people in con-
concrete and applied aspect.
2. In general, the concept of psychotechnics has become identical
but the concept of applied psychology includes the content
various branches of labor psychology (engineering psychology)
(industrial psychology), military psychology, psychological
trade gies, etc.
3. In the common, later understanding – technology
psychological, that is, a specific complex of psychological
methods of influence aimed at psychocorrection, elimination
addressing clients’ “psychological problems,” etc.
PSYCHOTOXICOLOGY 5987428154 – section of psychology
medical, studying neurochemical mechanisms that manifest
treatments and methods of treating mental disorders caused by
chemical substances - psychotomimetics or hallucinogenic
genes (deliside, mescaline, psilocybin, etc.).
Such substances have a very pronounced selective effect.
damaging activity in relation to the brain, causing already
in extremely small doses (millionths of a gram) upset
mental states. In this case, colorful hallucinations occur,
disturbances of memory, attention, thought processes, emotions,
delusional behavior, general psychomotor agitation, etc. appear.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 49179 894 1 89719 – branch
psychology is a scientific and practical discipline that studies the possibility of
the effect of pharmacological agents on the psyche, including
psychotropic drugs occupy a special place, with the help of
psychological methods and psychophysiological techniques (ences-
phalogram, evoked potentials, myogram, skin reaction
galvanic).
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGYEXPERIMENTAL
518945671498 is a section of psychopharmacology that studies the effects of
effects of chemicals on mental states and behavior
animals - with the aim of studying the mechanisms of action of these
substances and the development of new psychotropic drugs.
PSYCHOPHYSICS 49151931748 is one of the classic
of general psychology. Dedicated to the measurement of sensations in
depending on the magnitude of physical stimuli. Its specifi-
ka – in the fact that the diversity of observed forms of behavior and co-
mental states are explained primarily by differences in
physical situations that call them.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 519 916 81 – an interdisciplinary field
scientific research at the intersection of psychology and neurophysiology.
Studies the psyche in unity with its neurophysiological substrate.
volume - examines the relationship between the brain and the psyche, the role of biology
logical factors, including the properties of the nervous system, in high-
fulfillment of mental activity.
AGE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 514987496148 –
a branch of psychology that studies the process of maturation in ontogenesis
brain mechanisms of mental activity.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGYDIFFERENTIAL
518317495964184 is a direction in psychology that studies in-
individual psychophysiological differences between people.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY OF LOCAL LESIONS
BRAIN 54947 89141489 – section of psychophysiological
gyi devoted to the study of physiological mechanisms
disorders of higher mental functions in patients with damage
local brain disorders. Here the physiological
ical mechanisms as neuropsychological syndromes in the whole
breakage, as well as violations of individual mental functions.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SPEECH INTERNAL
514896310179 is a section of psychology that studies neural and physical
siological mechanisms by which it is realized
internal speech. Its speech motor component provides-
is due to the rudimentary articulation of words, accompanied by micro-
movements or increased tone of the speech organs - tongue, lips,
larynx.
PUBERTAL 51671891941 – relating to the age of
ripening.
THE PATH OF LIFE 59879814951 is a very broad public
a scientific concept that describes the progress of individual development
of a person's speech. Often used as a synonym for the concepts of "time
life" and "life cycle", but their content is different.
DRUNKENNESS 49819 491 89 (domestic drunkenness) – situational
conditioned alcohol abuse without the appearance of symptoms
signs of addiction.
_R_
WORK ANALYSIS 9175184971 – psychoanalytic approach
dream analysis, through which a transition is made
the progression from the manifest content of a dream to the thoughts underlying it.
DREAM WORK 5184981318142 – psychic
the process of processing, distortion and substitution of the unconscious,
hidden thoughts of dreams, their fragments or hints, which
which are embodied in the form of the manifest content of the dream.
psychoanalysis to the three main results of dream work
include: 1) condensation; 2) displacement; 3) transformation of thoughts into
visual images.
WORK OF INTERPRETATION 518497181 – activity, providing
preserving the transition from the manifest content of the dream to the latent
therefore, understanding the true content and meaning of the dream.
WORKING CAPACITY 109 481 5167819 – potential
the ability of an individual to perform purposeful activities
at a given level of efficiency for a certain period of time
time. Depends on the external conditions of activity and psycho-
individual's physiological resources. It is possible to distinguish work-
ability: maximum, optimal and reduced.
EQUILIBRIUM 5498142 84917 – establishing the optimal
correspondence between the processes of assimilation and accommodation in
development of the child's intellectual development.
DEVELOPMENT 514328 814975168 –
1. Strengthening, strengthening.
2. Bringing to some degree spiritual, mental
maturity, consciousness, culture, etc.
3. Bringing to a certain degree of strength, power, perfection
stviya; raising the level of something.
4. The deployment of something over a wide range, with full
energy.
5. Expansion, dissemination, deepening of content or
application of something.
6. The process and result of the transition to a new, more perfect-
to a qualitative state, from simple to complex, from low-
ours – to the highest.
DEVELOPMENT:SITUATIONSOCIAL
51738489714 (social situation of development) – system of social-
conditions that determine the psychological development of people.
GROUP DEVELOPMENT:LEVEL
4985314871464 (level of group development) – characteristic
the formation of interpersonal relationships, expressed in
group formation.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 791498561 49189 – process
the formation and development of the cognitive sphere, in particular – the re-
perception, attention, imagination, memory, speech, thinking.
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT 491798679481 – intra-
intrauterine development of the fetus, which also affects the development of the psyche-
chesky. At this time, sensitivity to pain, tem-
perature and sensory (in particular, sound), as well as motor
ka. In the last months of pregnancy, reception and motor skills
are physiologically and functionally at a sufficient level
maturity level to ensure adequate reception of extero-
ceptive information and motor response after birth
deniya.
MENTAL DEVELOPMENT 949517398641 – natural
change in mental processes over time, expressed in co-
quantitative, qualitative and structural transformations.
Characterized by the irreversible nature of the changes, aimed at
ability (the ability to accumulate changes, “build on”
(the "new changes" over the previous ones) and their regularities
character (for example, the reproducibility of the same type
changes in individuals of the same species).
DEVELOPMENTMENTAL:DELAY
548319 217 49618 – partial (private) underdevelopment of higher mental functions, which, unlike oligophrenia, can be temporary and compensated for with corrective interventions in childhood or adolescence.
DEVELOPMENTMENTAL/ONTOGENESIS
549 318594917 (development of the psyche in ontogenesis) is a process of evolution.
tions of the ways of interaction of the individual with the external environment in the course of
its ontogenetic development. The emergence of the psyche is associated
with the formation – at a certain stage of development – of the ability
to actively move in space, in which
needs are met through active movements in
external environment, which must be preceded by a search for the necessary
items.
DEVELOPMENTMENTAL:DEVIATION
5497283749814 – inadequate formation of psychological
experience caused by sensory impairments (deafness, hard of hearing)
deafness, blindness, low vision, etc.) or damage to the system
central nervous system (mental retardation, developmental delays
mental, movement disorders, speech disorders, and
etc.). They arise as a result of harmful influences suffered by the child.
impacts (birth trauma, severe infection).
DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHICAL: PERIODIZATION
547384197 89 – the allocation in ontogenesis of a qualitatively unique
stages of mental development.
DEVELOPMENTMENTAL/PHYLOGENESIS
51769498132174 (development of the psyche in phylogenesis) – qualitative changes in the psyche that occur within the framework of the evolutionary development of living beings, caused by the complication of their interaction with the external environment. Can occur on a biological or socio-historical basis. Consciousness as a feature of the human psyche is a product of the socio-historical development of human society, the possibility of the existence of which is due to the use and manufacture of tools, elements of language, knowledge, and norms of behavior.
REVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT 541 84979814 – 1. Fast-
a deep and profound transformation of the psyche and behavior during the transition
where a person moves from one age category to another.
2. One of the key concepts of the theory that asserts the dependence
the development of the psyche and behavior of people depends not on the genotype, but on
environmental influences, which by their influences and impacts
causes fundamental changes in the psyche and behavior of the subject,
creating something that had never existed before, even in embryo.
SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT 51354858491 7 - step by step
the process of formation of developed sexuality, beginning with
moment of birth.
SITUATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 51972139484 – fast, non-
a change that is sufficiently stable and requires reinforcement
the psyche and behavior of the child, caused by the influence of situational
social factors.
MENTAL DEVELOPMENT: LEVEL 49159 4975641 –
a set of knowledge, skills and abilities formed during their acquisition
research of mental actions; free operation of them in the process
processes of thinking that ensure the assimilation of a certain
the volume of new knowledge and skills.
EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT 58439715 48 – slow and
a fairly stable change in the psyche and behavior of a child during periods of development between his age crises.
IRRITABILITY 518 491 824 4972 – 1. Ability to or-
organisms to respond to biologically significant external factors.
actions by changes that may include a wide range of re-
pertoire of reactions, starting with the diffuse reactions of protoplasm
from the simplest to complex, highly specialized solutions
shares of a person.
2. Change in the physiological state of the whole organ-
of the body, its organs, tissues or cells under the influence of external
influences called irritants. The minimum value
The level of the stimulus sufficient for such a change to occur is called the threshold of perception. Irritability is one of the fundamental properties of living systems: its presence is a classic criterion of life in general.
IRRITANT 748 561 798514 – any material
agent, external or internal, conscious or unconscious
acting as a condition for subsequent changes in the state
organism; any factor affecting the organism and
capable of causing some kind of response. This concept is ro-
previous in relation to the concepts of stimulus and signal. In the presence of
fixed cause-and-effect relationship between the given
being and subsequent changes in the state of the organism
the stimulus acts as a stimulus, and the corresponding change
tion is like a reaction.
KEY STIMULATOR 589 31758174 – biological
objects of living and inanimate nature that are significant for animals.
INDIVIDUAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTINCTION
519 317 48914 – fairly stable process features
mental, by which each person differs from others.
DISCHARGE 97856479 89 (voltage discharge) – process and
mechanism for restoring mental balance, ensuring
reducing the level of intrapsychic tension in a person
through external response. It can be realized, for example, through
res laughter, crying, swearing, movements, dreams, neurotic
symptoms etc.
RAPPORT 594857914285481 – 1. Concept characterizing
positive attitude and connection between people established
in close interpersonal relationships, as well as in the process of making
interaction between the researcher and the subject –
tea and the client.
2. In a narrow sense, the term means a connection established
between the hypnotist and the hypnotized person during a hypnosis session. Rap-
the port is characterized by a high degree of selectivity of perception
as a consequence of consciousness narrowed by hypnosis: hypersensitive
sensitivity to the hypnotist's suggestions, mainly verbal ones,
and insensitivity to influences from other sources.
REPENTANCE 549841 – a feeling of guilt that arises after
committing a misdemeanor or crime.
DISTRIBUTION 4893175749648 (distribution) –
a philosophical concept meaning the process in which properties,
the essence and “logic” of the object become the property of the subject
that is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities that
were previously laid down, objectified in objects of material and
spiritual culture. Thanks to this, abilities develop and
are filled with new content: dislocation acts as the main source of their formation and development.
ABSENT-MINDEDNESS 548317 548 – functional or organ-
ational impairment of the ability to concentrate, purpose-
directed activity. Sometimes occurs during intense
mental work as a result of one-sided concentration
nost.
DISORDER 49871671984 – 1. Disturbance of the formation,
a row of construction of something.
2. Causing damage to something; violation of order, norm-
a minor state of something.
3. Complete disorder due to disruption of the formation.
4. A state of disrepair due to damage, disorganization,
violation of order.
5. A disease that disrupts normal functioning
something.
PSYCHOSENSORY DISORDER 31758936194 –
disorders associated with the appearance of illusory images.
occur in pathological processes occurring in the modal-
but specific areas of the brain. To disorders of the psi-
sensory include: photopsies, polymorphopsia, visual,
auditory, olfactory and gustatory illusions, paresthesia, system-
mathematical dizziness, distortions in the perception of parts
of your own body.
PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDER 518916 –
dysfunction of internal organs and systems, the emergence and
the development of which is most closely associated with nervous
psychological factors, the experience of acute or chronic
psychological trauma, specific features
emotional response of the individual.
REASON 319 368 894 178496 (reason and reason) – in philo-
Sophical-psychological tradition - two types of work of logical-
of thinking.
Reason, being one of the moments of the movement of thought towards
tin, operates within the limits of established knowledge with data from experience
that, arranging them according to firmly established rules,
which gives it an automaton-like character, which is inherent
strict certainty, strictness of distinctions and affirmations
niy, a tendency towards simplification and schematization. This allows the pra-
correctly classify phenomena, systematize knowledge.
Reason ensures the successful adaptation of the individual to the
familiar cognitive situations, especially when solving problems
literal tasks. The limitations of reason are in the inflexibility and categorical
bitterness, in the inability to go beyond the analyzed
content. When a person's mental activity is exhausted,
is subject to the operations of reason, it becomes abstract-
formal.
Reason gives knowledge that is deeper and more general. Grasping
the unity of opposites, it allows us to comprehend the various
sides of the object in their dissimilarity, mutual transitions and essence-
characteristics. He is able to analyze and generalize both
data of sensory experience, as well as its own forms, available
thoughts – and, overcoming their one-sidedness, develop reflections
concepts that express the dialectic of the world. Going beyond the present-
knowledge and the generation of new concepts is the main difference between
zoom from reason.
RATIONALIZATION 5184718965849 –
1. Unconscious
the desire for rational justification and explanation of one's
ideas and behavior, even when they are irrational. Attributing incorrect but convenient reasons to one’s behavior. 2. One of the defense mechanisms is a form of psychological defense, characterized by the fact that when it operates, an individual rationally explains his desires and actions, which in reality are caused by irrational drives that are unacceptable personally or socially. Provides camouflage, concealment from consciousness of true thoughts, feelings, and motives for actions, and thereby the formulation of more acceptable explanations for one’s own behavior, ensuring a state of internal
comfort associated with the desire to maintain a sense of self-
dignity, self-respect, prevention of experiencing vi-
we or shame.
REHABILITATION 517894 594617 – in medicine – rehabilitation
the normal functioning and working capacity of the patient
cialis or disabled people, achieved through various treatment methods
and the application of other special measures.
MENTAL REHABILITATION 594718 9142791 – si-
system of medical, psychological, pedagogical and social
measures aimed at restoration, correction or
compensation for impaired mental functions, states,
personal and social-labor status of patients and disabled people
and also persons who have suffered from illness or injury
mental as a result of a sharp change in social relations
situations, living conditions, etc.
SOCIAL READAPTATION 5748941979518 (socio-
adaptation) is the process of re-inclusion of an individual into social
nal context and the formation of compensatory social
skills after a serious illness, due to which they were
previous social contacts are disrupted. Includes both
both labor and social re-adaptation.
REACTOLOGY 31748519 – a direction in the domestic
psychology of the 1920s, which interpreted it as a "science of behavior"
living beings, including humans.
REACTION 584197381 – in psychology – any response of the organ-
to changes in the external or internal environment, from biochemistry
the mic reaction of an individual cell to a conditioned reflex.
REACTION INNAMINATE 59481942 – in behaviorism studied
were based on observations of newborn children. This included
sneezing, hiccupping, sucking, smiling, crying, body movements and e.g.
ties, etc.
CHOICE REACTION 54172814 – special action, in
which requires the choice of one of two or more objects
goods according to certain characteristics.
INSTRUMENTAL REACTION 59489491 (reaction
operant) - Special conditioned responses that differ from
"classical" Pavlovian. The phenomenon of instrumental conditioning
mental (operant) is that if reinforces-
if some action of an individual takes place, it is recorded and then
reproduced with greater ease and consistency.
SKIN-GALVANIC REACTION 5893754816
(galvanic skin response - GSR) is a bioelectrical act-
activity, recorded on the surface of the skin and caused by the activity
activity of sweat glands, - an indicator of electrical conductivity
skin. It is a component of the reactions of the emotional organism.
ma, associated with the work of the sympathetic nervous system. It can
can be registered from any area of the skin, but usually they use-
fingers and hands or soles of the feet. It is used to analyze the
human states, his emotional-volitional and intellectual
processes.
INVOLUNTARY REACTION 5142109 – forms of behavior
ments that were not initially subject to conscious control,
for example, vegetative reactions. In this case, the consequences of such
the reaction can be realized, after which the reaction itself can
be placed under consciousness control.
CIRCULAR REACTION 51849614 – Growing volume
Judaic-directed infection is emotional. Usually manifests itself
in crowds, particularly in large groups.
REALITY 59879491 – some really exist-
the existing phenomenon; that which exists in reality; the actual
reality.
PSYCHIC REALITY 5186974218 – special type
reality, within which various forces, ideas
and fantasies play the role of real factors of mental
life.
REBIFING 3918452647 is a method of psychotherapy, oriented
aimed at self-exploration and spiritual transformation
with the help of special breathing exercises: the state of the so-
knowledge is changed through intensive breathing
and “switching off” consciousness through the action of special music.
Here “rebirth” has a direct meaning, because in the changed
state of consciousness, it is possible to re-experience the moment
his birth, and symbolic - spiritual resurrection.
CULTURAL REVOLUTION 7978851742849819169 – co-
a set of changes in the spiritual life of society aimed at
to re-educate people. When the foreground is brought to the fore
the task of creating the so-called new culture based on
state-promoted ideology.
A sharp, abrupt transition to a different qualitative state
the state of social and psychological processes in the field of culture
tours.
SEXUAL REVOLUTION 5184961328 – process and
the result of fundamental changes in the sexual life of society,
characterized by a significant transformation of sexual values
ties, orientations, norms, sanctions and relationships, liberating
suppressing repressed sexuality, liberating the personality and
society.
REGRESSION 32979481 – 1. Transition from higher forms of development
developments to the lower, backward movement, changes for the worse. Contra-
The opposite concept is progress.
2. In biology – simplification of the structure of organisms during evolution.
changes due to adaptation to changed conditions of sus-
existence.
REGRESSION 58442871324 – 1. The process and result of a certain
regression. 2. In general terms – the return of libido to what has already passed.
stages of psychosexual development.
REGRESSION OF BEHAVIOR 59438139614 – a form of defense
psychological, one of the universal defense mechanisms,
determining a specific form of escape from reality
nost - a temporary transition, a return to an earlier stage
development, to more primitive forms of behavior or thinking
ation, to the primitive level of mental development – as if
retreat into that psychological period when a person feels
felt particularly protected. Returning to the early, connected
types of behavior associated with childhood; the transition to the previous
the highest levels of mental development and the actualization of successful to-
there are many ways to respond.
REGULATOR 31978548917 – a device or mechanism (so-
(also in a figurative sense), through which it is supported
constant, changing, directed in the desired direction
some quantity, position or process.
UNCONSCIOUS REGULATOR 34141858496 – not particularly
known regulators of the performance of activities - operational
nal attitudes and stereotypes of automated behavior
ions that ensure the targeted and sustainable nature of its
flow. They form the basis of regulation of automated and
involuntary actions (for example, the process of problem solving) and
are conditioned by images of unconsciously anticipated events
and methods of action based on past experience of behavior
in similar situations. They can be realized if on the way
habitual automated behavior encounters the unexpected
this obstacle.
REDUCTIONISM 317518384964 – in psychology – conscious-
a conscious or unconscious methodological attitude, directed
aimed at reducing phenomena of one order to phenomena of qualitative
of a completely different order: for example, mental – to physiological-
logical, biochemical, biophysical.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REDUCTIONISM 37854967491 –
based on the belief that everything mental can be and will be
described and explained with the development of physiology – the “science of the brain”.
RATING 31854149784 is a term meaning subjective-
assessment of a certain phenomenon on a given scale. With the help of
The rating is used to carry out the primary classification of social
psychological objects according to the degree of expression of what is common to them
their properties are expert assessments. In the social sciences,
ting is the basis for constructing a variety of rating scales, in particular
in assessing various aspects of labor activity,
popularity of individuals, prestige of professions, etc.
RATING-SCALING 814597319489 – method of
construction of a scale for measuring relationships between the studied
objects based on expert assessments – ratings.
RECAPITULATION 384198088 017 is a concept used
in biology to denote repetition in an individual variation
development of features characteristic of an earlier stage of development
evolutionary, - a brief, compressed in time repetition in on-
genesis of features of phylogenetic (historical) forms.
RECRUITMENT 4981731849 – uneven growth
subjectively perceived loudness with a smooth increase
sound intensity changes associated with hearing impairments, in
in particular - with damage to the cells of the organ of Corti. The basis of the treatment is
the process of engaging in a response to a stimulus,
having achieved a certain strength, a greater number of neurons of the analyzer-
hearing loss than normal.
RELAXATION 54967184941 – voluntary or unintentional
a free state of rest, relaxation, associated with complete
or partial muscle relaxation. Occurs as a result of
relieving stress after strong experiences or physical
efforts: can be involuntary (relaxation when moving away from
sleep) and voluntary, caused by taking a calm position
zy, representations of states usually corresponding to rest,
relaxation of muscles involved in various types of activity.
RELAXATION NEUROMUSCULAR 59179831749 –
a psychotherapeutic technique based on alternating
tension and relaxation of various muscle groups –
until a state of relaxation is achieved. In this case, the muscles
relaxation leads to a state of rest, to a decrease
nervous tension or pain.
RELAXATION PROGRESSIVE 59489798914 – method
psychotherapy, which is based on teaching clients to produce
feel free to relax those muscles that are tense in
anxious and emotional situations.
RELIGION 548949189791 – a specific form of worldview
vision, formed as a result of violent repression
unconscious drives and the action of the Oedipus complex. Religion
performs three essential functions:
1) satisfies curiosity – explains the origin
research and development of the world;
2) diminishes the fear of dangers and vicissitudes of life,
instills confidence in a good outcome, comforts in misfortune;
3) gives authoritative instructions, prohibitions, restrictions,
rules and advice for behavior.
RELIGION: PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAITS 51631831972 –
a set of typical psychological characteristics of religious
esoteric beliefs, which include: sacred character,
inertia, intolerance and a ban on thought - for the purpose of self-defense.
RELIGION AUTHORITARIAN 548591398 941 – one of the ty-
in theistic or non-theistic (secular) religion,
which is characterized by the recognition of some higher invisible force, controlled by
ruling over destinies and demanding obedience, reverence and worship
Here God is a symbol of power and strength, ruling over
powerless alienated people who have access to themselves
to oneself only through the mediation of God. The main virtue is obedience.
disobedience, the worst sin is disobedience.
RELIGION HUMANISTIC 548 314718 48 – one of
types of theistic or non-theistic religion, distinctive
the sign of which is the choice of man and his power as the center, related to the whole world, comprehended by thought and love. Here God is the symbol of man's own powers, the image of the highest human self. The main virtue in this religion is self-realization,
development of the ability to love all living beings and trans-
experiencing unity with everything; the prevailing mood is joy.
Examples include early Buddhism, Taoism, and some other directions.
in the Jewish and Christian religions - especially mysticism.
REMINISCENCE 5174851458714 – in psychology – more
complete and accurate reproduction of material stored in memory compared to what was originally imprinted (learned);
reproduction - some time after memorization-
that which, when perceived directly, was, as it were, incomplete
foot. Can be observed when memorizing a variety of things
verbal and visual material, as well as when consolidating
sensorimotor skills. This is especially often seen when working
with a large volume of logically or subject-related material
real, which has an emotional impact on a person.
More pronounced in childhood - especially in pre-
school and school junior.
SEXUAL REPRESSIVITY 31861484741 (re-
sexual pressure) is a concept and concept for explaining the
policies and practices aimed at suppressing sexual freedom
ality and the introduction of forced uniformity of forms of sec-
daily life, social control and punishment for unauthorized
ionized forms of sexual behavior.
RESPONDENT 584314489721 – participant in the social
psychological research, acting as a surveyor
of the given. Depending on the nature of the research, it appears as
patient, subject, informant, client, or simply interviewee
Nick.
RETROSPECTION 49172846819 – mental alignment in
a certain time series of past life events.
REFERENCE 51472859617 – significance relation,
connecting a subject with another person or group of persons.
social psychology has established that a person in his
activities and behavior are guided not only by sympathies
and antipathy towards individuals, but also towards collective goals,
opinions and values; correlates his goals, opinions and assessments with
group. This phenomenon is called referentiality.
REFLEX 54879198794 – reaction to excitation of the receptor
ditch - a natural response mediated by the nervous system
the body's reaction to an irritant. Caused by the impact
some specific factor of the external or internal environment
dy on the analyzer. It manifests itself in muscle contraction, secretion
secretions.
UNCONDITIONED REFLEX 517519819417 (congenital reflex
(genetic) - a hereditarily fixed stereotypical form of reality
responsiveness to biologically significant effects of external mi-
or to changes in the internal environment of the body. Reflex, all-
when realized by the action of certain different effects on the body
irritants - based on genetically determined neural connections
between the organs of perception and the executive organs.
DEFENSIVE REFLEX 518614987594 – reaction
protective of the organism - in the form of an unconditional reflex in response to
destructive effects. Usually accompanied by negativity.
tive emotions – fear, anger, etc.
ORIENTATION REFLEX 597814981318 – com-
a complex of reactions of the organism in response to the novelty of a stimulus –
complex reaction of animals and humans to the novelty of a stimulus.
biological meaning – creation of conditions for better perception
tiya of the irritant. This is achieved through the emergence of a complex
somatic, vegetative reactions and changes in the level of activation
tions of the central nervous system during general inhibition or
disruption of the body's current functioning.
CONDITIONED REFLEX 516318491 548 (reflex acquired
tenny) - a reflex formed when any initially indifferent stimulus comes close in time to the subsequent action of a stimulus that causes an unconditioned reflex.
REFLEXUAL: GENERALIZATION
517 84567149 is a phenomenon that occurs in the initial stages of
working out a conditioned reflex, when the required reaction causes-
is not only a reinforced stimulus but also others that are close to it
him. Neurophysiological mechanism of reflex generalization
conditional - irradiation of the excitation process. It is shown that
generalization is accompanied by a change in electrical activity
the presence of brain structures at different levels.
REFLEXUAL: SPECIALIZATION
517 81494892 – a process that consists in the fact that after the primary
generalization of the conditioned reaction as it is repeated, it is
is timed to a strictly defined signal and is produced
only in the required way. Neurophysiological mechanism
this consists in localizing activity in those structures
brain that provide this reaction.
REFLECTION 516498 – 1. The process of self-knowledge by the subject
internal mental acts and states. It implies a special
directing attention to the activities of one's own soul, as well as
sufficient maturity of the subject. 2. As a mechanism of mutual understanding
mania is the subject’s understanding of the means and honors by which
he made one impression or another on his social partner.
niyu.
REFLECTIONSOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL
51891498714 – understanding another by thinking for him.
REFLEXOLOGY5947969814 – natural science
a direction in psychology that developed in the 1900s-1930s, predominantly
essentially in domestic psychology. Reflexology came from
from the fact that there is not a single thought process that does not express-
would be objective manifestations. In this regard, all
reflexes that occur with the participation of the brain.
Reflexology sought to be used for scientific conclusions
exclusively objective methods of analyzing the connection between reflexes
irritations, considering mental activity in connection
with nervous processes, using for its explanation the materials of the physiology of the activity of the higher nervous system, physiological principles. All manifestations of mental activity were considered in the context of the data of the physiology and neurology of the activity of the higher nervous system, which in fact attributed to them the status of processes that only accompany acts of behavior.
RECEPTOR 91849179849 – nerve formations that serve
for the transformation of light, mechanical, chemical, thermal
energy of agents of the external and internal environment into impulses
nervous.
RECEPTION 51849781897 – transformation of external energy
the world in the process of nervous spreading excitation,
carrying information to the nerve centers about the action of the corresponding
irritant. The reception function is under reg-
controlling control by the central nervous system,
realized through efferent fibers as part of sensory
nerves.
RECIPIENT 49171451867 – the subject perceiving the ad-
message addressed to him. The subject reacting to the message
The person is called the respondent.
SPEECH 517 89471968 – formed historically in the course of mat-
real transformative activity of people, a form of communication,
mediated by language, - through linguistic constructions,
created on the basis of certain rules.
SPEECH: FUNCTION 5173184981 – features of speech as an activity
ness, consciously or unconsciously used by an individual
to achieve certain goals. The following are distinguished: the function of speech
communicative, indicative, predicative semantic and
emotionally expressive.
SPEECH: FUNCTION INDICATIVE 51731981651 (indicated
(the primary function of speech) is the use of speech to convey other
to other people of some kind of message with the purpose of explicitly or implicitly indicating
knowledge of a certain object.
SPEECH: COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTION 57149819431 –
the use of speech for the purpose of conveying some information to other people
formations or motivations for their actions.
SPEECH: PREDICATIVE FUNCTION 5145861791 – is-
the use of speech for the purpose of expressing one's own opinions
on a certain issue. Another name for this function is the function
statements.
SPEECH: SEMANTIC FUNCTION 5143286741 – is-
the use of speech to convey the meaning hidden in thought and
reflecting the meaningful properties of objects and phenomena,
actions and relationships between them in the outside world.
SPEECH:FUNCTIONEMOTIONAL-
EXPRESSIVE 5189741 – the use of speech for the purpose of expressing
expressions of one's own emotional attitude towards a certain
an object or situation, in particular – with the purpose of motivating the ser-
leading to action. From the degree of expression of emotions in speech
the speaker and the degree of infection of the listeners depends on the motivation
effective speech efficiency.
AUTONOMOUS SPEECH 51498421 – one of the early stages
development of a child's speech, characterized by the fact that words or syllables,
reproduced by children based on the speech patterns of adults, significantly
are distorted - for example, due to repetition. Speech is an autonomous sys-
tuative, vague and polysemantic, because the child does not yet possess the content of the concept; generalizations in it are based on the unification in one word of the features of unrelated objects.
Formally, it does not have inflections or other signs of syntacticity.
ical relations.
INNER SPEECH 51849714 – various types of use
the formation of language – or rather, linguistic meanings – outside the process of realisation
communication; hidden speech activity – verbalization,
accompanying the process of thinking. In ontogenesis it is formed
is in the process of internalization of external speech. Its manifestations
are especially evident in conditions of increased mental stress
- when solving various problems, mental planning,
reading texts “to oneself”, when memorizing and recalling.
in the plane of internal speech, logical ordering is performed
perceived information, its inclusion in a certain system
system of concepts; self-instruction is carried out; they analyze-
their actions and experiences.
DACTYL SPEECH 51498717 – speech that reproduces
words by means of dactyl letters – certain configurations
of fingers and their movements. It is used in domestic sur-
pre-pedagogy as an auxiliary speech tool in teaching
in the development of verbal speech for the deaf, as well as in interpersonal communication.
nost of the deaf and in communication between hearing and deaf people.
SIGN SPEECH 5584171849 – a way of interpersonal communication
the speech of deaf people through a system of gestures,
characterized by unique lexical and grammatical
regularities.
SPEECH MIMIC-GESTURE 59432161789 – means of communication
communication of deaf people through gestures and facial expressions, which have
expressive and signifying character.
WRITTEN SPEECH 5988172949 – verbal communication
(verbal) through written texts; speech based
on the visually perceived stable fixation of linguistic
constructions, primarily in the form of written text.
ORAL SPEECH 519 89471691 – verbal communication (words)
spring) through linguistic means perceived by ear.
It is characterized by the fact that individual components of the speech message
are generated and perceived sequentially.
ORAL SPEECH: PERCEPTION 317894947 – construction
models of subjective meaningful communication based on the pro-
active listening process. Perception of meaning is largely
depends to a large extent on the individual and personal characteristics of the case
of a person who reads or writes, first of all, from the flexibility of thinking
and personality orientation.
EGOCENTRIC SPEECH 5178941 – speech addressed to
to himself, regulating and controlling practical
the child's activity is speaking without trying to get to the point
the interlocutor's point of view, which is typical for the child. It is observed in the
grows between three and five years and disappears by the end of preschool age.
It manifests itself in the fact that children speak out loud, as if to no one
without addressing, in particular, they ask questions without receiving an answer and are not at all concerned about it. With age, the manifestations of egocentric speech decrease and disappear by the age of six or seven.
SOLUTION 518548191 – in psychology – the formation of thought
operations that reduce the initial uncertainty
problematic situation. The stages of the solution are distinguished
search, adoption and implementation.
ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION 5498971314 – one of
possible solutions to a problem that are equally plausible
as new as other decisions, and it challenges the fairness
possible other solution. If there are several solutions
none of the alternatives can be considered complete and final.
quite correct.
DETERMINATION 498518498 – the ability to independently
make responsible decisions and consistently implement them
to use them in activities. It is especially clearly manifested in complex
situations where the action is associated with a certain risk and it is necessary
the power of choice from several alternatives. Decisiveness is
it is also the ability to boldly take responsibility for
the decision taken, the timeliness of the action, the ability to quickly implement it or delay it.
RIGIDITY 3198456197 – in psychology – unpreparedness,
difficulty - even complete inability - in changing
the program of activities planned by the subject in the conditions required
its future restructuring in accordance with new situational requirements
niyam.
RISK 849491 – situational characteristics of activity,
consisting in the uncertainty of its outcome and possible adverse effects
pleasant consequences in case of failure. In psychology this
The term has three main interrelated meanings.
1. Risk as a measure of expected disadvantage in case of failure in
activity determined by the combination of the probability of failure and
the degree of adverse effects in this case.
2. Risk as an action, the performance of which poses a threat
satisfaction of some sufficiently important need, or
in some respects it threatens the subject with loss – a loss-
injury, trauma, damage.
3. Risk as a situation of choice between two (or even more)
possible options for action, the outcome of which is problematic
chen and is associated with possible adverse effects:
less attractive, but more reliable, and more attractive
effective, but less reliable.
CHILDREN'S DRAWING 49189485 – product of activity
pictorial art of the child.
RHYTHM 518498 – 1. Alternation of some elements, occurring
walking with a certain sequence, frequency, etc. 2.
The orderly course of something; the measured flow of something
or.
RHYTHM ANNUAL 51948131484 – biological rhythms with per-
with a frequency close to one year.
RITUAL 498516714 – symbolic expression of thoughts and
feelings through action common to many and expressive
his common aspirations, the basis of which lies in common values.
styah.
ROBOTICS 31721849 – in the psychological aspect –
the use of intelligent robotic systems,
the functional features of which consist in sufficient flexibility
in response to changes in the work area.
ROLE 217 498 81495 – in social psychology – social
personality function; a way of acting in accordance with accepted norms
behavior of people depending on their status or position in society
in society, in the system of interpersonal relations.
An individual's performance of a role has a certain
a given “personal coloring”, which depends primarily on its
knowledge and ability to be in a given role; from its significance for
him, from the desire to more or less meet expectations.
to the influence of others. The range and number of roles are determined
diversity of social groups, types of activities and relationships
in which the individual is included and his needs and interests
ourselves.
SEX ROLE 4891 4971 – differentiation of activity
ties, statuses, rights and obligations of individuals depending on
their gender. Relatively stable forms
behaviors corresponding to the individual's gender
dov, is a social model of behavior that includes expectations
demands and requirements addressed by society to people of male and female gender
biological female.
SOCIAL ROLE 817 81942 1 – its implementation is
the implementation of a set of actions expected by the environment
social. The social role in all its formality and definition
ness, with a programmed system of actions and relationships
it enters the personality and becomes its organic part.
MANAGER 517 4894714 – the person to whom the official
the functions of managing the team and organizing
tions of its activities. Bears legal responsibility for
functioning of the group (collective) before the one who appointed (is-
(the authority that took it, approved it) and has strict control
certain possibilities of sanctioning - punishment and
incentives for subordinates to influence their production
scientific, creative, etc. activity.
_WITH_
SADISM 3194851649 – 1. Passion for cruelty; enjoyment
the pain and suffering experienced from causing animals pain and suffering
or other people. 2. A form of sexual perversion, when sexual
satisfaction is achieved on condition of causing harm to the partner
physical or mental suffering or humiliation of a partner.
SADOMASOCHISM 48918131 – a combination of sadism and masochism
chism in one individual, or the same combination in human
relationships. Sexual behavior that includes, as
elements of masochistic and sadistic emotional experiences
nia.
SELF-ACTUALIZATION 319614719849 – the desire of a person
centuries to the fullest possible identification and development of their
personal capabilities.
SELF-SUGGESTION 31849498714 (autosuggestion) – process
and the result of suggestion directed at oneself is addressed-
to oneself, when the subject and object of the suggestive influence
actions coincide. Leads to an increase in the level of self-regulation, which
allows the subject to evoke certain sensations in himself,
acceptance, manage the processes of attention, memory, emotional-
nomic and somatic reactions.
SELF-EDUCATION 319498154914 – conscious activity
activity aimed at the fullest possible realization
themselves as individuals, the development of such personality traits by a person
qualities that seem desirable. Based on
on the activation of self-regulation mechanisms, it implies
the presence of clearly understood goals, ideals, and personal meanings.
SELF-CONTROL 48931894517 – awareness and assessment of the subject-
the subject of one's own actions, mental processes and states
niy. Its emergence and development are determined by the demands of society on human behavior. The formation of voluntary self-regulation presupposes the ability of a person to be aware of and control a situation, a process. Self-control presupposes
the presence of a standard and the possibility of obtaining information about the control
controlled actions and states.
SELF-OBSERVATION 319815419814 (method of self-observation
(nia) is a strategy for obtaining empirical psychological data.
observed by a person when observing himself; observation of
the internal plan of one's own mental life, allowing
which is to record its manifestations - experiences, thoughts, feelings, etc. It arises in the course of communication with others, the assimilation of social
experience and means of understanding it.
SELF-OBSERVATIONPHENOMENOLOGICAL
5184951 514817 – introspective method developed in
Gestalt psychology. Characterized by an orientation toward an unbiased
description of mental phenomena in their immediacy and purpose
falseness - from the position of a naive subject.
SELF-CONTROL 548 49 18917 – the ability to perform
activity in situations that disorganize it and affect
emotional sphere. It manifests conscious-volitional
organization of mental processes that regulate this activity
composure. Self-control is an indicator of emotional and social
maturity of personality.
SELF-DETERMINATION COLLECTIVE 518 49894 –
a special form of self-determination of the individual – selective attitude
an attitude towards the influence of a specific group, expressed in the
the individual's acceptance of some and rejection of others of group influences
effects depending on mediating factors – assessments, beliefs
ideas, ideals, group norms, values, etc.
SELF-UNDERSTANDING 54931781949614 – understanding of one’s own
of personal life is a special kind of activity aimed not only at understanding the leading motives, but also at coordinating the entire
personality as a whole.
SELF-ASSESSMENT 49181951749814 – assessment by the individual of himself
yourself, your capabilities, qualities and place among other people, -
the value that she attributes to herself or to her individual qualities
ties. Being part of the core of the personality, it is an important regulator of behavior.
relationships with others depend on it.
we, his criticality, his exactingness towards himself, his attitude towards success
boorishness and failures. Thus, it affects the effectiveness of the ac-
activity and further development of the personality. As a main
The system of personal meanings acts as the evaluation criterion
individual.
SELF-KNOWLEDGE 51841481949 – as well as self-esteem and
self-awareness has important differences from introspection: 1) these
processes are much more complex and lengthy than ordinary acts
introspection; they include data from self-observation, but only
as a primary material that is accumulated and processed
botke; 2) a person receives information about himself not only (often – and
not so much from self-observation, but also from external sources –
objective results of their actions, the attitude of other people
dey etc.
SELF-REGULATION 89421721949 – an expedient func-
tion of living systems of different levels of organization and
complexity. Mental self-regulation is one of the levels of regulation.
the activity of these systems, expressing the specificity of the implementation
its psychic means of reflection and modeling
reality, including reflection. It is realized in
the unity of its energetic, dynamic and substantive
semantic aspects.
SELF-REGULATION PSYCHOLOGICAL 2174851961 –
purposeful change by an individual of the work of various psi-
physiological functions, which require the formation of
special means of control over activities.
SELF-IMPROVEMENT 318719 819 – begins
in adolescence, when the time comes to form the “ideal self” – a conscious personal ideal, comparison with which often causes dissatisfaction with oneself and a desire to change oneself. The development of such an ideal occurs, the correlation of one’s goals and actions with it – “the vertical movement of consciousness” in the space of one’s own motives; this process is co-
is accompanied by special experiences regarding oneself and one's
their actions: remorse, dissatisfaction with themselves, evaluation
kami and self-reassessment.
SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS 819497264188 – conscious of a person
their social status and their vital needs
ties. As the highest level of development of consciousness – the basis for the formation
development of mental activity and independence of the individual in
her judgments and actions.
SELF-STIMULATIONEXPERIMENTAL
5498144917 – an insatiable desire of an animal or a person to perform actions that lead to electrical stimulation – by means of implanted electrodes – of the nerve structures located in the hypothalamus and the middle brain. Stimulation of these structures causes a feeling of pleasure, bliss, not connected with the actual state of the organism.
INDEPENDENCE 598641718948 – generalized
a personality trait that appears in initiative, critical-
sity, adequate self-esteem and a sense of personal responsibility for
their activities and behavior.
SELF 549817 is a kind of center of the unconscious
collective, its archetype is the central of the archetypes, its
kind of image of God in man. Unattainable instance in the process
individuation, the path to which in the inner journey is eternal.
SELF-TRANSCENDENCE 9148142 – “going beyond one’s limits”
"deeds" - to another person or to the meaning. One of the moments of the sa-
Motranscendence – self-actualization.
SELF-AFFIRMATION 4894971 – the individual’s desire to
achieving and maintaining a certain social standard
party. Often acts as a dominant need. Can
manifest itself both in real achievements in a certain area, and
in defending one's importance in front of other people by
some verbal declarations.
WELL-BEING 614019217 – a system of subjective
sensations indicating a certain degree of physiological
ical and psychological comfort of the internal state.
Contains both a general quality characteristic (good
or poor health), as well as private experiences, various
localized (discomfort in parts of the body, difficulty in ex-
performing actions, difficulty understanding).
SANGUINE 48951484817 – a subject possessing one of
four main types of temperament (in the classification of Hippo-
krata). A person of sanguine temperament can be characterized
to represent as living, mobile, quickly responding to
surrounding events, relatively easily and quickly experienced-
bringing failures and troubles. He is marked by high mental
activity, energy, efficiency, speed and
liveliness of movement, variety and richness of facial expressions, quickness
with a rapid pace of speech. Strives for frequent changes of impressions, easily
and quickly responds to external events, is sociable. Emotions -
predominantly positive - arise quickly and quickly
are replaced.
SUPER-EGO 4848948517 (ideal-Ego; ideal-Ego; Ego-ideal; Su-
super-ego; super-ego) – one of the components of the structure
personality. The sphere of personality, consisting of a complex of conscience, mo-
real traits and norms of behavior that control actions
I also prescribe to him moral models of imitation and action.
activities.
FREEDOM 514894719 – 1. Independence, lack of constraint
restrictions and limitations that constrain the life and activities of a certain
society or its members. 2. In general – no restrictions,
constraints in something.
SEXUAL FREEDOM RESIDUAL 51931891497
– the scope of sexual freedom, limited by cultural and economic
nomic structure of society.
CONTACT 49871961914 –
1. Relationship of mutual dependence,
conditionality, commonality between something.
2. Close communication between someone or something.
3. Communication with someone, something, and also the means that allow
those who communicate and get in touch.
TEMPORARY COMMUNICATION 514819 31949817 – a mechanism that ensures
establishing a functional connection between individual structures
frames of the nervous system when exposed to two or more events
of the current external environment, existing temporarily. One of
forms of manifestation of temporary connection are conditioned reflexes.
FEEDBACK COMMUNICATION 491 48 0164891 – a concept that came into
psychology from cybernetics. It is interpreted as symbolic messages
signals generated by the object of interaction in response to the emergence of
actions of the subject of interaction received by the latter and used
used by him to adjust further interaction
with the object.
CONCENTRATION 31951781949 – the first result of the work of the dream-
dreams: compression of the latent content of a dream compared to
its manifest content. Thus, a manifest dream becomes, as it were, a co-
abbreviated translation of the latent dream. Condensation is the process of
formation of new dream units, characterized by changes
elements of dream thoughts and their compression - while maintaining the to-
contact check.
RISK SHIFT 51471461941 (shift to risk) – increase
risk assessment of group or individual decisions
after conducting a group discussion compared to the original
initial decisions of the group members.
SEGREGATION 81849149487 – division of people in society
into categories based on differences in social status, requiring
limiting the scope of life activity, in which the con-
Inter-group movements are prohibited partially or completely. Ta-
some divisions are fixed in social norms and stereotypes
behavioral, social institutions, is coded and emphasized
nods to symbols - insignia, clothing, taboos, traditions
yami, rituals.
SEX 519 916 – sexual relations – a set of mental
reactions, attitudes and actions associated with the manifestation and
satisfaction of sexual desire.
SEX THERAPY 819 91728 (sex therapy) – intensive development
the trend of couples (marital) relationships in Western countries
psychotherapy of sexual disorders, behavioral orientation
tations, is a method of psychotherapy aimed at treating the func-
behavioral-based sexual disorders
modeling. Within its framework, individual symptoms are considered
are considered as particular forms of incorrect behavior, which
can be adjusted, and modification is also set as goals
the sexual behavior itself, and the establishment of mutual
attention of partners.
SEX THERAPY MASTERS-JOHNSON 491319 817 –
the original version of sex therapy. It postulated that
sexual dysfunctions do not depend on one person, but on
both partners. Therefore, the technique involves working only
with a couple and contains a two-three week cycle of classes.
SEXOLOGY 51849731948 – interdisciplinary field
knowledge, in the broad sense of the word, studying the patterns of
sexual differentiation, and in a narrower sense, sexual behavior and motivation. A scientific discipline dealing with the biological, mental, and social aspects of human sexual behavior.
SEXOPATHOLOGY 51849131984 – section of clinical
medicine, dedicated to the study of sexual disorders
and the development of appropriate correction methods.
SEXUAL 898414 – in general, it covers the psycho-
analysis reveals a great deal and goes beyond the boundaries of the general
common meaning. This includes all manifestations
tender feelings, and others, with all sorts of suppressions and
displacements. Therefore, it is preferable to use the term
mine psychosexuality.
SEXUALITY 489191798641 – this concept is used
is as widespread as the word love in ordinary language. Sexual-
ality is considered the only function of the animal
organism, going beyond the individual and constituting it
connection with the family.
SEXUALITY:STAGEGENITAL
5183174918 – stage of psychosexual development, corresponding to
sexual maturity, which occurs in adolescence. The period of development
sexuality in which the genitals have a decisive role
importance for obtaining sexual satisfaction.
SEXUALITY:STAGEPREGENITAL
4914984 – in this stage, sexual desire is directed not inward but toward external objects, and sexual satisfaction is achieved with the help of these objects. It lasts until puberty.
SEXUALITY INFANTILE 51949813 (sex-
pregenital sexuality) – childhood sexuality, and
also its elements found in adults.
INFANTILE SEXUALITY: "THE SOURCE"
51931849841714914 – sources of the emergence of constant sex-
The causes of sexual arousal during childhood are as follows:
1) reproduction of satisfaction experienced in connection with the organ-
nic processes;
2) corresponding irritation of peripheral erogenous zones;
3) attraction to peeping, cruelty, etc.;
4) erogenously significant general irritability of the skin (temperature-
irritants);
5) various mechanical shaking of the body - motion sickness,
games, trips, etc.;
6) muscle work (wrestling, fighting, etc.);
7) intense affective processes – arousal from fear,
fear of exams, stress when solving problems, etc.;
8) possibly from severe pain;
9) from mental work, etc.
LATENT SEXUALITY 5148489517 – period
hidden sexual life - usually from five to eleven
twenty years, during which, due to irritation from the ero-
special formations of reactions are created in the mental life of genes
tive - contrasting forces: shame, disgust and morality.
SELECTION 5184978421 – a property of perception, characterized by
characterized by selective selection in the sensory field of some
of several individual features. More clearly perceived
the object to which perception is directed is subjectively perceived
is taken as a figure, and all other objects are taken as its background.
First of all, the signs of the sensory field are distinguished, possessing
relatively higher intensity, qualitatively different from
personal from others. When a subject solves a certain problem,
those signs that somehow correspond are selectively perceived
correspond to the content of the task.
SELECTION: MECHANISM 58432849 (selec-
lectivity of perception) – perception of emotionally significant,
but socially forbidden material in the conditions of technical
the difficulty of its identification may be subject to significant
fluctuations. This concerns both the threshold of awareness and the perceived
content.
SENSITIZATION 5184974 – increased sensitivity
the activity of nerve centers under the influence of the stimulus. When
under the influence of sensory stimuli it is usually masked by one
a simultaneously developing process of sensory adaptation.
The relationship between the processes of sensitization and adaptation can be
evaluate by parallel measurement of sensitivity to stimuli
to the electric and sensory inhabitant.
SENSITIVITY 5948317 (sensitivity) – character-
a human trait characterized by increased sensitivity
sensitivity to the events happening to him; usually accompanying
is characterized by increased anxiety, fear of new situations,
people, all kinds of tests, etc.
AGE SENSITIVITY 51849593 – inherent
for a certain age period the optimal combination
conditions for the development of certain mental properties and pro-
processes. Premature or delayed in relation to
During the period of sensitivity, age-related learning may not be
quite effective, which has an adverse effect on
development of the psyche.
SENSITIZATION 57148514 (sensitization) – increased
nal apperceptive sensitivity to objects and events,
corresponding to current needs and conflicts.
SENSOMOTORICS 51789491– intercoordination of sensory
logical and motor components of activity: obtaining information
sensory activity leads to the launch of certain movements, they are the same,
in turn, serve to regulate, control or correct
sensory information. As the main sensorimotor
The mechanism has a reflex ring.
SENSUALISM 5484951314 – in psychology – teaching and methods
prelogical position, characterized by the assumption that all content
the concept of mental life is exhausted by sensory impressions
ments received in the course of the subject's life activity
knowledge.
SERVILISM 51451948 – a type of masochism in which the sub-
ect experiences sexual satisfaction when he plays a role with a lower social status - the role of a slave deprived of all rights, or even the role of a dumb animal.
SERIES 51 4981 – ordering of objects according to a certain
feature - size, color, etc.
SIGNAL 319714 – a process or phenomenon (external or internal)
(early, conscious or unconscious), carrying a message about
some event and orienting the living system relative-
but this event. According to the nature of analyzers and other-
other perceiving systems, optical signals are distinguished,
acoustic, tactile, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical
michnye, biorhythmic, etc.
SYMBIOSIS 519 918 491 – in biology – long-term cohabitation
a community of organisms of different species, usually mutually beneficial.
Psychology is often understood in a broad sense.
INCESTUAL SYMBIOSIS 341 48 14 – phenomenon and outcome
the deepest connection with the mother or her equivalent (sister)
myeya, tribe), characterized by a certain inalienable
stu.
SYMBIOSIS PSYCHOLOGICAL 5148141 – initially
the emerging emotional and semantic unity of mother and baby
day, which serves as the starting point for its further development
consciousness and personality. The emergence of a symbiosis of psychological
is due to the physiological similarities between the mother and the fetus in different
prenatal development.
SYMBIONT 48142 is one of the participants in the symbiosis.
SYMBOL 519 48917 – an image that is a representative
other - usually very diverse - images, contents and
relationships.
SYMBOLISM 51431951 – form of thinking, mental
a mechanism that ensures the substitution of some images and
emotionally charged (libidinal) ideas of others
gimi.
SYMMETRY 314819719841 – proportionality, complete correspondence
the relation of the parts of a whole to a certain line
nii or center; strict correctness of location, placement-
of something.
SYMMETRY BILATERAL 481519 – exact match
relationship between the left and right halves of the body, each of which is like a mirror image of the other.
SYMPATHY 718414 – stable approving emotion
a person's attitude towards other people, their groups or
social phenomena, manifested in friendliness, goodwill, admiration, encouraging communication, providing attention, assistance, etc.
SYMPTOM 498721 – characteristic manifestations, signs
mental or organic disorders and diseases, evidenced by
indicating a change in the usual or normal functioning
onization of the body.
HYSTERICAL SYMPTOM 51721849 – a set
signs of mental and organic disorders
nii/testifying to the disease of hysteria.
NEUROTIC SYMPTOM 517218498498 – various
actions and deeds that indicate the presence of psychoneuritis
roses or their tendencies, - characteristic manifestations, signs of a disease
neurotic illnesses.
SYMPTOMNEUROTIC:EDUCATION
31851751421 – the process of emergence of pathogenic symptoms,
the action of which is ensured by mechanisms that transform
we turn the hidden thoughts of a dream into an obvious dream.
PSYCHOGENIC SYMPTOM 51489758 (psychogenic symptom)
(Czech) - formed under the pressure of a mental conflict
useless or even harmful acts, often unpleasant and painful
are important for the person suffering from them and constitute an object of interest to him
complaints.
SIMULATION 54891751849 – behavior aimed at
imitation of a disease or its individual symptoms in order to introduce
deception.
SYNDROME 51489451872 - a group of signs, symptoms -
a certain combination of signs, symptoms of a certain phenomenon,
united by a single mechanism of occurrence. Due to the general
of the mechanism of appearance they are united by a natural and regular
in a regular manner, characterizing a certain painful condition
state of the organism. The term is used in pathopsychology,
meaning a certain combination of signs of a disease.
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME 5148949716 (abstinence syndrome)
stinences) – a set of manifestations that arise as a result of
after stopping drug use.
ADAPTATION SYNDROME 51871474891 (syndrome
adaptation) - a set of adaptive reactions of the body
of humans and animals of a general protective nature. It occurs in
response to significant in strength and duration adverse effects - aggressors.
AMNESTIC SYNDROME 91831751942 syndrome
Korsakovsky.
APATHIC SYNDROME 94831471981 – psi- syndrome
chopathological, characterized by states of lethargy, indifference
to everything around, lack of motivation for action
nost.
ASTHENIC SYNDROME 48981471449 – syndrome
psychopathological, characterized by states of general weakness
ness, excessive exhaustion, irritability. At the same time,
Attention and memory impairments occur.
HALLUCINATORY-PARANOID SYNDROME
51842131981 – psychopathological syndrome, characteristic
the presence of hallucinations and delusions, which begin to determine
to control the behavior of patients. May occur with alcoholic
psychoses, schizophrenia and other diseases.
HERA SYNDROME 5148131981 is a term meaning a state of
a phenomenon close to clinical, characteristic of hypertrophic
the wife's affection for her husband, when she literally worships
him. At the same time, the woman strives to play a leading role in intimate
relationships, and her husband does not allow her to go beyond the stereotypical
typical image of the "breadwinner of the family".
DEPRESSIVE SYNDROME 49141831419 – syndrome
psychopathological, characterized by states of inhibition
of mental activity and a decrease in affective processes
phenomena. Its extreme degree is depressive stupor,
when there is a complete absence of movement and speech.
DIOGENES SYNDROME 51981931691 is a term meaning
a clinical condition characterized by a dismissive attitude
the attitude of elderly people living alone to everyday issues
itself. Most often it occurs in previously active people, orient-
bathrooms, primarily for work and having social success.
Gradually, with a departure from the usual professional and social
activities, they stop caring about their external
ness and a dwelling that falls into disrepair and turns into
into a warehouse of old and useless things; they don’t pay due attention
attention to proper nutrition, which can lead to exhaustion.
ELPENORA SYNDROME 5148913194 (more correctly: syndrome
Elpenor) is a term denoting a clinical state of abstinence.
ness that occurs the day after excessive
alcohol or sleeping pills. Characterized by confusion
consciousness, general disorientation and a tendency towards aimlessness.
walking.
IGNORING SYNDROME 51891421819 – integral-
disorders that usually occur with lesions of the lower
lobe of the right hemisphere of the brain, less often - the tertiary
areas of the frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus. Characteristic are non-
acceptance of stimuli located in half the space,
opposite to the disorder - on the left. In this case, patients do not
only do not perceive stimuli from the left visual field or
sounds on the left, but they don’t use their left hand, they only read the right
half of the text, do not shave the left side of the face.
HYPOCHONDRIC SYNDROME 51842142814 – syndrome
psychopathological, characterized by excessive, unfounded
fears for their health. It occurs with neuroses, so-
reactive states, pre-senile and senile psychoses.
KA-CET SYNDROME 41851431849814 is a term meaning
clinical condition caused by extreme conditions
concentration camp (loss of family, imprisonment and
habitual activities, strict regulation of behavior,
conflict communication, etc.). This condition is characterized by excessive
intense excitement, extreme care; emotions dominate
fear, sadness and shame; dreams are threatening and obsessive
recurring nature; disturbances in family and life occur
professional life; a tendency towards suicide appears.
The first obvious signs of this condition may appear later.
several years after liberation from the camp and persist for decades.
KANNER SYNDROME 48951471449814 (autism syndrome
early childhood) - its symptoms include:
1) absence or weakened manifestation of the revitalization complex
affection towards people and its presence in relation to inanimate objects
objects;
2) speech defects – mutism, echolalia;
3) ambivalence of affect with simultaneous experience
pleasure and fear;
4) a tendency to ritualize behavior or stereotypes
actions;
5) lack of “eye contact” when communicating with loved ones;
6) perversions of gaming interests;
7) difficulties in recognizing dangers;
8) increased aggressiveness, etc.
These deficit symptoms are paradoxically combined
are characterized by unusually good motor development, precise memory,
and high achievements in some special fields.
styakh - counting, dancing, mechanical design, etc.
CATATONIC SYNDROME 51891481917 – syndrome
psychopathological, characterized by the emergence of a state of general
excitement (motor restlessness, ridiculous behavior,
incoherent speech) and the subsequent stupor (numbness,
forging flexibility).
KORSAKOVSKY SYNDROME 48131951819 (syndrome am-
(nestic) is a psychopathological syndrome. It is characterized by a dis-
devices for storing current events at a relative
preservation of memories of old events and acquired
skills. In this case, memory gaps can be filled with such
events that happened or could have happened earlier.
MANIC SYNDROME 51431851414 – syndrome
psychopathological, characterized by states of heightened,
euphoric mood and activity, as well as acceleration
thinking, right up to the “leap” of ideas. Violations of the goal-
le-directed activity.
MIDAS SYNDROME 548519714217 is a term meaning
a woman's clinical condition associated with changes in the world
feelings after reaching the age of thirty - because
ever-increasing and becoming chronic dissatisfaction
sexual relations with a regular partner.
SYNDROMENEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL
514891594 4981 – persistent combinations of functional disorders
higher mental functions in local brain lesions of the head
go. When the primary fields are damaged, elementary
disorders of sensory and motor functions. Depending on
Depending on the localization of the lesion, both disturbances of the first
chronic, associated with the violation of physiological functions
of this area of the brain, as well as secondary disorders caused by
caused by the loss of a given link from a larger system of functions
national.
ALIENATION SYNDROME 548 89171918 – it is characterized by
a thorny feeling of loss of emotional connection with other people,
previously significant events or personal experiences,
although their reality is recognized.
PARALYTIC SYNDROME 514 841 4981 – syndrome
psychopathological, characterized by general dementia, persistent
elevated mood, impaired critical behavior,
profound disintegration of personality. Accompanied by progressive
paralysis.
PARANOID SYNDROME 518 481 4917 – syndrome
psychopathological, a variant of delusional syndrome. Characteristic
the presence of a systematized delusion of invention, pursued
nia, jealousy.
PARAPHRENE SYNDROME 548 19 491749891 – syndrome
psychopathological, a variant of delusional syndrome. Characteristic
the presence of a systematized delusion of grandeur, delusion of influence
actions and delusions of persecution, often manifested on a “cosmic scale”.
PERSEPHONE SYNDROME 519 49879151948 – term meaning
a clinical condition of excessive emotional attachment
a bond that arose between a mother and daughter, in which
their separation leads to the development of similar symptoms in both
neurotic.
PYGMALION SYNDROME 491819 418217 - error,
emerging in the process of ontologization. From the epistemological position
in any science a certain system of ideas is developed
about the laws of the world, but then ontologization occurs
these representations: the object is declared to be what is now being said about it
think. We can talk about the real world and the world of our pre-
ideas, theories about it – the model world. Then the process of onto-
Logization is described as the transformation of the model world into a world
real.
PSEUDOPARALYTIC SYNDROME
491418 498517 – psychopathological syndrome, characteristic of ei-
with a phoric mood and absurd delusions of grandeur. At the same time,
there are no signs of progressive paralysis.
SYNDROMEPSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL
517218 419 421 – persistent combinations of functional disorders
mental higher, caused by various pathological
processes. Based on the totality of such syndromes, a
a certain clinical picture of various psychiatric diseases
chemical.
It is customary to distinguish the following most common syndromes: apa-
tic, asthenic, hallucinatory-paranoid, de-
compressive, hypochondriacal, catatonic, Korsakovsky
(amnestic), manic, paraphrenic, paranoid,
paralytic, pseudoparalytic.
PUERTO RICAN SYNDROME 498 491 817 – ethnospec-
a digital term denoting syndromic manifestations of delirium
jealousy based on the belief that the partner is unfaithful.
Accompanied by the development of hallucinatory ideas and
catatonia.
BREAKUP SYNDROME 491518491 – a combination of love for
dead, inveterate narcissism and symbiotically
incestuous attraction, is the basis of a particularly harmful and dangerous
forms of orientation that encourage destruction for the sake of destruction
decisions and hate for the sake of hatred.
GROWTH SYNDROME 491819 219 – a combination of love for the living,
love for people and for independence is the basis of orientation towards
movement towards life, goodness and development.
SYNERGY 58149861941 (synergism) –
1. Reaction option
of the organism to the combined effects of two or more
medicinal products, characterized by the fact that the resulting
the action exceeds the action of each component separately.
2. A variant of combined joint action of two or more
how many agents (acting forces), characterized by the fact that the re-
the resulting impact exceeds the impact of each
agent separately, the property of systematicity of the emergence is manifested
actions.
MUSCLE SYNERGY 51891741981 – coordination
motor actions (walking, facial expressions). At a high degree
standardization they maintain their orientation towards the achieved result.
result of movement.
SYNESTHESIA 518481514419 is a phenomenon that consists in the fact that
that a certain irritant, acting on the corresponding organ
feelings, beyond the will of the subject, cause not only a sensation,
specific to a given sense organ, but also additional
a sensation or idea characteristic of another organ
feelings.
SYNCRETISM 54891758941 – in psychology – a feature
thinking and perception - the inseparability of the functions of the mental
in the early stages of a child's development (at an early and pre-
school).
SYNTHESIS 58949131948 – thought operation – included-
the process of practical interactions between the organism and the environment
logical or mental reunification of the whole from parts or
the unification of various elements and aspects of an object into a single whole.
It is a necessary stage of knowledge.
Synthesis is inextricably linked with analysis, they complement each other
each other. As human thought processes,
synthesis and analysis are historically formed in the course of their material-
but transformative activity.
AFFERENT SYNTHESIS 5489172194 – synthesis of material
(imprinted in memory), motivation, information about the environment and
stimulus trigger for decision making. Here memory
is interpreted as a set of interconnected systems of functionality
national different levels of hierarchy formed in the course of
evolution and in individual life experience, and motivation is
as a specification of one of the needs of the organism. When synthesizing
in the afferent, thanks to motivation, all systemic
we, whose activities have ever led to satisfaction
this need. Information about the environment helps to achieve
to achieve the results required in a given situation. The final
the decision is made at the moment when some event –
Mule launcher - gives an advantage to one of the systems already selected
under the influence of motivation and environment. Like any sys-
stem process, afferent synthesis occurs not in any
then to a separate structure of the brain, but involves various
levels of the brain and the nervous system in general.
SYSTEM 598 217 48 – a complex object – a set of ka-
qualitatively different, sufficiently stable elements, mutually
connected by complex and dynamic relationships. The system
as a whole it is not reduced to the “sum of its parts”, but exhibits sy-
stem properties that none of the constituents possess
parts of the system. It is subject to special laws that cannot be reduced
and not deducible from the laws of functioning of individual elements
cops or private connections between them.
VESTIBULAR SYSTEM 514 489 49 – structural-
a functional system designed to perceive and analyze spatial information. Its basis is the system for recognizing the direction of gravity, which is already present in most invertebrates, and which has evolved into
the apparatus of the semicircular canals, through which the brain
information is received about the position of the head and body and the direction
movement research.
INDICATION SYSTEM 517518 49 491 – functional
substructure of personality. Contains those properties, relationships, and actions
actions that reflect public thoughts and feelings
real personalities and which determine their behavior. Here
include humanism, collectivism, optimism and hard work.
All components of the indication system in their development rely on
are affected by components of other structures – regulatory systems, stimulation
lation and stabilization - and due to the feedback have an effect on
their influence. Being woven into the overall structure of the personality,
they not only express her attitude towards people and work, but also
act as a subjective factor in the harmonious development of the individual
nost – all four of its systems.
NERVOUS SYSTEM 518 491 894 497 – totality
nerve formations in vertebrates and humans,
by means of which the perception of the factors acting on the or-
organism of irritants, processing of the resulting immune response
excitation pulses, formation of response reactions.
SYSTEMATIC:DYNAMIC
514 819 497 817 – a property of the nervous system, characteristic of easy-
the occurrence of excitation and inhibition during the development of
ki reflexes, conditioned. The relationship between the indicators of the wild-
the namics of excitation and inhibition is defined as a balance
by dynamism.
NERVOUS SYSTEM: PROPERTY 514 498 819 49 – understand-
tie to denote dynamic, stable features
nervous system, which influence – all other things being equal –
individual psychological characteristics. For the most part
they are genetically determined and determine the individual
significant differences in behavior in response to environmental influences
physical and social.
NERVOUS SYSTEM: POWER 49189 is one of the main
properties of the nervous system, reflects the limit of efficiency
cells of the cerebral cortex - their ability to withstand
very strong, or long-acting, although not strong
excitation without going into a state of inhibition (braking).
NERVOUS SYSTEM: TYPE 91849617491 (type of nervous system
stems; type of higher nervous activity) – a set
properties of the nervous system, which constitute the physiological basis
in the individual uniqueness of human activity and behavior
animal behavior.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 481 491 471 891 –
structures of the nervous system in higher animals and humans,
the work of which ensures the control of vegetative, or dis-
tive functions of the body (digestion, circulatory
(consumption, respiration, metabolism and energy, excretion) –
by controlling the motor and secretory activity of the internal
organs. Serves the muscles of the internal organs and the
leses.
SYSTEMANERVOUSPERIPHERAL
517 489 472 841 – represented by afferent (sensory-
mi) nerves that transmit impulses from receptors to the system
central nervous system and efferent (motor) nerves
mi, transmitting impulses from the central nervous system to
skeletal muscles.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 517 489 317 814
(CNS – central nervous system) – consists of nervous tissue
brain and spinal cord, the main elements of which are
nerve cells - neurons and glial cells - are formed. The last
they ensure the maintenance of a constant internal environment
nervous system and its trophism.
PRIMARY SYSTEM 481517 49 – special initial me-
mechanisms of functioning of the unconscious, operating in
dreams and other mental processes.
CONTROL SYSTEM 491 4871 – functional sub-
personality structure. It is based on the structure formed in the course of
a certain complex of sensory-
perceptual mechanisms and processes with feedback. He
ensures constant interaction between external and internal
reasons and conditions for the emergence and development of mental activity
skoy, as well as the regulation of the individual's behavior as a conscious
subject of knowledge, communication and work.
ALARM SYSTEM 518 481 49716 – quality, distinguished
animal organisms from the living world, a characteristic appearance
orientation to the signs of the external environment. Determines
methods of regulating the behavior of living beings in the external world,
the properties of which are perceived by the brain in the form of signals
catch.
SIGNAL SYSTEM SECOND 514 519 84951 – capable of
a way of regulating the behavior of living beings in the external world, a property
the properties of which are perceived by the brain in the form of signals,
placed in the sign system of the language.
SIGNAL SYSTEM FIRST 518 491 719 849 1 –
a way of regulating the behavior of living beings in the external world,
the properties of which are perceived by the brain as signals,
directly perceived by the senses as sensations
color, sound, smell, etc. With its relative predominance
an artistic personality type is formed.
STABILIZATION SYSTEM 51849 1 – functional
substructure of personality. It consists of orientation, ability-
independence, self-confidence and character.
STIMULATION SYSTEM 819 91 918491 – functional-
substructure of personality. Contains relatively stable
psychological formations that are formed already in the first years
productive activity of man as a conscious subject
ect. These include temperament, intelligence, knowledge and attitude.
nia.
TAYLOR SYSTEM 518491 49 – organization system
labor and production management. It is based on the division of labor and maximum rationalization of movements. When it was introduced, a piecework wage system was created and implemented for the first time at enterprises.
HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEM: RELIABILITY
219 31748491 (reliability of the human-machine system) is a long-term indicator of the performance of technical systems,
serviced by people in all possible conditions
functioning.
ERRATIC SYSTEM 517 8149817 is a complex target-
a directed system that includes:
1) a person or a group of people; 2) a technical device –
means of activity; 3) object of activity; 4) environment where
there is a person.
SITUATION 516 21989714 – a system of external in relation
to the subject of the conditions that motivate and mediate his activity
ity. The elements of the situation may also include states of self-
of the subject at a previous point in time, if they are trained
determine his subsequent behavior. A full description of the situation
ations implies the identification of the requirements presented to the information
from outside or developed by him, acting for the non-
go as the original ones.
BORDER SITUATION 5183178191491 – situations
existence of the individual (being personal), in which the self-
the individual's awareness becomes more acute and the person involuntarily
knows himself.
PROBLEM SITUATION 51481421951 – emerging
when performing a practical or theoretical task, especially
the knowledge that previously acquired knowledge is insufficient, and the emergence of
the expression of the subjective need for new knowledge, realized in
purposeful cognitive activity. One of the cen-
tral concepts of problem-based learning.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SITUATION 51841721918 –
a system of relations specific to each age period
the subject's decisions in social reality, reflected in
his experiences and realized by him in joint activities with
other people.
TEST SITUATION: CHARACTERISTICS
RELEVANT 514917214518 (relevant characteristics
situations of psychological testing) – characteristics of the sy-
testing conditions on which it directly depends
results. Include the subjects' perception of the situation
testing, goals and objectives of testing, the personality of the experimenter, his behavior, etc.
SCAN 54851721951 – sequential movement
focusing attention on elements of the visual field during examination
re of the outside world.
TENDENCY 59842842917 – selective orientation
an individual's desire for a certain activity, which motivates them to engage in it. Its basis is a deep, stable need of an individual for a certain activity, a desire to improve the skills and abilities associated with this activity. The emergence
inclinations are usually a prerequisite for the development of the corresponding
abilities, although there are cases of discrepancy
inclinations and abilities.
SCOPTOPHILY 54851781949 – love of contemplation. She
first appears when the child wishes to penetrate into the parents' bedroom in order to gain pleasure from observing an unconsciously forbidden object and behavior.
CROSSING OF ATTRACTIONS 5198198941 – a term meaning-
the process and result of the transition of pleasure from one's own
of the sexual organ for pleasure when looking at it - in its act-
tive and passive forms.
DEAF-BLIND-MUTE 514814 519614 – congenital or
acquired loss of visual and auditory functions and – as
the consequence is speech impairment (muteness).
COMPLEXITY 489517 498 814 – 1. Composition of non-
how many parts; diversity in the composition of the constituent parts and
connections between them. 2. Difficulty, confusion. Opposite
The main concept is simplicity.
COMPLEXITY COGNITIVE 514817 219 – psychologists
ical characteristic of the cognitive sphere. Reflects the degree of quality
theorical dismemberment, differentiation of consciousness
individual, which promotes selective sorting of forward
opinions about the reality that mediates his activities.
It is determined by the number of classification bases that
consciously or unconsciously used by the subject when differentiating
tiation of objects of a certain content area.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICE 519317 81949 – special
divisions in the structure of enterprises and organizations, - a system of psychological support for the activities of various social institutions. A system of practical use of psychology to solve complex problems of examination, diagnostics
ki and psychological consultations in the areas of production,
transport, public education, medicine, culture, sports, law enforcement, etc.
HEARING 54891731949 – the ability to perceive sounds and orienta-
orient themselves according to them in the external environment by means of an analyzer
auditory.
HEARING: VIOLATION 51989519491 – accordingly degree-
People with hearing impairment (weakening) are divided into three groups
py:
1) deaf, or deaf-mute - have congenital or acquired
hearing impairments that occur in early childhood and cannot master
speech without special training;
2) late deafened, those who lost their hearing at preschool age
or school and retained the speech formed before the appearance of
deafness;
3) hard of hearing, or hard of hearing – have a partial deficiency
hearing accuracy (down to 75 dB).
ABSOLUTE HEARING 581491 919817 – the ability to accurately
the determination of the pitch of sounds without relating them to others
sounds of a known pitch. The accuracy of absolute hearing
the largest in the middle registers and the smallest in the extreme ones.
absolute passive hearing correctly determines the height
audible sound, but the sound cannot be reproduced by voice
given note name. When hearing absolute active sound-
ki can be both named and reproduced by name.
BINAURAL HEARING 518421519714 – perception of sound
information through both ears. Due to differences in some characteristics of the sound signals coming to different ears,
the sound source is localized in space: sound image
shifts towards the stronger or earlier arriving
sound. The greatest accuracy of localization is achieved with inten-
signal strength, 70-100 dB above the hearing threshold.
By means of binaural hearing, a sound picture of the world is constructed.
MUSICAL HEARING 49871481949 – the ability to distinguish
to hear musical sounds, to perceive, to experience and to understand
the content of musical works and reproduce them.
A complex multi-component system that performs cognitive functions
and creative functions. The multicomponent nature of musical-
the auditory system is determined by the composition of musical sounds,
the complexity of the structure, structure and content of musical
works, a variety of means of artistic expression
activities.
PHONEMATIC HEARING 517819317214 – ability
a person to recognize speech sounds represented by phone-
of this language. Formation of hearing of phonemic pro-
occurs in children when they perceive the oral speech of people around them
and – at the same time – when pronouncing the words accordingly
in accordance with the perceived patterns.
RUMORS 54852179149 – a specific type of communication
interpersonal, during which the plot, to a certain extent, reflects
wishing for some real or fictional events, becomes
the property of a large diffuse audience.
ACTIVE LISTENING 598481419317 – the process of listening
, characterized by deliberately increased activity of perception
tion and subjective participation of the individual in a communication situation.
Includes:
1) perception of oral speech message - on the sensory
level;
2) isolating signal sounds in words and recognizing them
nie – at the perceptual level;
3) establishing the meaning of the sentence and the entire message in general
crowbar - on a cognitive level. Perception of meaning when listening
active significantly depends on individual-personal
characteristics of the listener, first of all – from the flexibility of thinking
and direction of the personality.
LISTENING DICHOTIC 518314489514 – method,
used in the study of echoic memory, selective
attention span, asymmetry of the interhemispheric brain.
It consists of the subject recognizing auditory information,
coming through the headphones via two independent channels –
on the left and right ear.
OFFSET 5485249801431948 (shift) – second result
dream work - distortion of the hidden content of dreams
by shifting emphasis from the main to the secondary,
insignificant or indifferent. The main means of distortion
dreams.
MEANING 48951431984 – in the conditions of collective activity
for the first time, operations not directly aimed at
the object of need is a biological motive, but for a certain pro-
intermediate result, within the framework of individual activity
becoming an independent goal. For the subject, the goal of the act-
activity is separated from its motive, and in the activity, action stands out as its new unit. This is accompanied by the experience of the meaning of the action, because in order to perform an action that leads to an intermediate result, it is necessary to understand the connection of this result with the motive - to discover the meaning of the action.
COMMON SENSE 51831721428 – a set of generally accepted
adopted, often unconscious ways of explaining and evaluating phenomena
of the external and internal world. Summarizes the significant, necessary
fragments of historically accessible to everyone in everyday life
experience. Along with information about nature and social
relationships, play a very significant role in a healthy sense
ideas concerning interpersonal interactions.
PERSONAL MEANING 51481721959 – subjectively re-
the assumed increased importance of an object, action or
events that fall within the scope of the presenter's motive. One of
the main constituents of consciousness, individualized reflection
the actual relationship of the individual to the objects for which
its activity unfolds, realized as “meaning –
for – me” of assimilated impersonal knowledge about the world, including
concepts, skills, actions and deeds, social norms, roles,
ideals and values.
DREAM 48131931781 – subjectively experienced
representations, mainly of the visual modality, are regulated
ularly occurring during sleep - mainly in the sleep phase
rapid (paradoxical); mental process during sleep,
accompanied by visual images.
DREAM: REPRESSIVE 519317418914918 – (“pe-
revaluation of mental values") occurring during sleep
a peculiar process of masking the true content of a dream
false brightness of secondary images.
DREAM:DEPENDENCECAUSAL
51849131819 (causal dependence in a dream) - or not at all
is not expressed or is replaced by a sequence in time
no two equally long parts of a dream. This is often replaced by
the opposite happens.
DREAMING: STUDY 51821731919 is one of the important
the most important areas of activity of psychoanalytic research
vaniye. The most reliable way to explore the deep psychic
ical processes.
DREAM: INVERSION 54821721949 – process and re-
the result of rearranging the elements of dreams and their meanings. Here
include: “reversal of meaning”, replacement of the opposite
ity, changes in situations, changes in the order of events
tiy, a complete change in the elements of the dream.
DREAM: DISTORTION 54831721949 – process and
product of alteration of dream thoughts under partial influence
censorship of dreams. Its main means is displacement.
DREAM: SOURCE 549214217 48 – they can
be:
1) a fresh and mentally fresh experience, directly
transmitted in a dream;
2) several such experiences, connected by a dream
one whole;
3) one or more of the most significant experiences,
moved in a dream by a simultaneous but indifferent pere-
cutting;
4) an internal significant experience (impression,
thought), which is then constantly replaced in the dream by light
press, but with an indifferent impression.
DREAM: CATEGORY 549317 21918 (three categories
dreams) - in relation to the latent content of a dream to its manifest
According to their content, the following categories of dreams are distinguished:
1) dreams are quite meaningful, understandable, I admit
easily explained from the standpoint of normal mental
of life;
2) dreams that are connected and clear in meaning, but still
strange, - the meaning of which is not connected with our spiritual
life;
3) dreams that are meaningless and incomprehensible – are presented
appearing incoherent, confused and meaningless (mostly
most of dreams).
DREAM: HIDDEN THOUGHT 51421721819 (la-
tent thoughts of a dream) – actually, the unconscious so-
holding a dream, the strongest element of which is attraction
repressed, hidden behind distorted forms of their
expressions.
DREAM: SYMBOLISM 59849131959 – system
symbols aimed at revealing the content of dreams.
DREAM: SYMBOLISM OF OBJECTS
519317419514 – a set of objects depicted in dreams,
small. This includes: the human body as a whole, parents,
children, brothers, sisters, birth, death, nudity, etc.
DREAM:CONTENTHIDDEN
51857481917 – material obtained during dream analysis,
which characterizes the true content of the dream.
DREAM: CONTENT OBVIOUS 51947131989 –
dream images that appear during sleep - a dream, as
it is remembered as it was remembered.
DREAM:DIAGRAMS OF ORIGIN
59149851916 (scheme of the emergence of dreams and psychopathic
(of dream ideas) is the basic scheme of the emergence of dreams.
of psychopathic ideas is one: repression – weakening
censorship is the formation of a compromise. In both cases
phenomena of thickening, displacement and surface as-
socialization.
DREAM: INTERPRETATION 514148489 481 – one of
the most important methods of psychoanalysis, allowing one to understand the depth
binary forces of personality - mainly unconscious - and
explain the true motives of her behavior.
DREAM: CENSORSHIP 548 81431918 – mechanism of search-
dream sequences that implement omission, modification and trans-
grouping of dream material.
CHILDREN'S DREAM 519 814319 418 – dreams of a child
childhood; their common feature is the fulfillment of desires that arose during the day and were not satisfied.
DREAM OF FULFILLMENT OF WISHES
518 491319 89 – a group of dreams that provide hallucinations
Native fulfillment of desires during sleep.
DREAM UNDISTORTED 518 497319 28 – dream
statements that provide direct, overt fulfillment of unfulfilled
desires of wakefulness.
TELEPATHIC DREAMING 519 48 919617514
(4 min) – a possible type of dreams, distinctive
the sign and main characteristic of which is the coincidence of dreams
events and events, possibly caused by the reception of telepathic
of the Russian message.
DREAM CONVENIENT 548948 514817 – striving
eliminate irritation and prolong sleep - for example, for those who are thirsty
I dream that they are drinking.
CONSCIENCE 514 918 719 14 – the ability of a person to be independent
to formulate one's own moral responsibilities and
to realize moral self-control, to demand them from oneself
performance and self-assessment of the actions taken;
one of the expressions of moral self-awareness of the individual.
is also in the form of rational awareness of moral significance
perceptions of the actions performed, and in the form of emotional experiences
vaniye - for example, remorse.
COMPATIBILITY 549917 218 – human ability
work together, successfully solve problems that require coordination
consistency of actions and good mutual understanding.
GROUP COMPATIBILITY 549 318497 – social-
but-psychological indicator of group cohesion, reflecting
enabling conflict-free communication and coordination
actions of its members in the context of joint activities.
INTERPERSONAL COMPATIBILITY 549 319714 –
mutual acceptance of partners in communication and joint activities
local, based on the optimal combination - similarity or
complementarity - orientation of value, attitudes
social, interests, motives, needs, characters, themes-
temperaments, tempo and rhythm of psychophysiological reactions and
other significant for the interaction of interpersonal individ-
dual-psychological characteristics. The criterion of compatibility
interpersonal interaction – high immediate satisfaction
the result and, most importantly, the process of interaction, when
each partner met the other's requirements and no special efforts were required to establish mutual understanding. Interpersonal compatibility is usually accompanied by the emergence of mutual sympathy, respect, and confidence in a favorable outcome of future contacts.
COMPATIBILITY PSYCHOLOGICAL
219 317 895 49 – the human ability to find mutual
attention, establish business and personal contacts, cooperate.
COMPATIBILITY SEXUAL
519 318 719 418 917 148 – compliance of behavior with sexual
partners are the result of the integration of social, psychological and
state, socio-psychological and biological support
interactions in the sphere of intimate relationships. Social security
The degree of sexual compatibility is determined by the degree of
socialization of sexuality, the level of general and sexual culture
tours of partners, the assimilation of sexual and social norms,
which is manifested in the development of sexual attitudes, needs
stej, in the kinetics and positions of sexual intercourse, in relation to the assessment
their sexuality. Psychological support is determined
the presence of a correspondence between partners in the influence of mental
factors and characteristics of personality on the development and manifestation
sexuality.
GENERAL SET 548319 31748 – many
the number of subjects to whom the results of the study apply
following. The opposite concept is sampling.
GROUP CONSENT 548 491 49718 – unity of views
dov, characterizing people united in a group.
CONSCIOUSNESS 548 917 818 (conscious) – a form of reflection
objective reality in the human psyche is the highest
level of reflection of mental and self-regulation; usually considered
is inherent only to man as a social being
historical. Characteristic in that as a mediating,
the intermediate factor is the elements of social
historical practices that allow us to build objective (ob-
(generally accepted) pictures of the world.
CONSCIOUSNESS: PATHOLOGY 548 498 719489131819 – disorder
solutions in the activity of consciousness, in which images of the external
the world is built inadequately, and behavior is adjusted
under this distorted image. Among these are: stunned-
amentia; oneiroid; twilight clouding of consciousness; coma.
CONSCIOUSNESS: STATE 519 419 818 49 – psychology
traditionally recognizes two states of consciousness:
1) sleep, considered as a period of rest;
2) wakefulness, or active state.
CONSCIOUSNESS:ONEIROID STATE
519 491 819 194 (oneiroid state of consciousness) – disorder
state of consciousness, characterized by a combination of images of the real world and fantastic ideas. Its physiological basis is indicated as an inhibitory state of the cerebral cortex, in which both strong and weak stimuli cause the same reaction, or even weak stimuli lead to a stronger reaction than strong ones.
NORMATIVE CONSCIOUSNESS 548 549 498 714 – sphere of co-
knowledge associated with understanding and awareness, as well as with acceptance
the existing norms and rules of behavior in society.
ORDINARY CONSCIOUSNESS 589 498 491 98 – totality
ideas, knowledge, attitudes and stereotypes based on
the immediate everyday experience of people and dominant
in the social community to which they belong. It is distinguished
from consciousness, the basis of which is scientific knowledge. Consciousness
Everyday life is prone to errors that can hinder
scientific knowledge of the world, contributing to the preservation of rooted
prejudices. At the same time, the fixation of multiple
recurring connections between things and people is a popular wisdom
the growth characteristic of everyday consciousness makes it possible
draw correct conclusions, which is verified by practice everywhere
daytime life.
POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS 518 419 317 819 498 – co-
social and psychological phenomena associated with attitudes
a person to social institutions, first of all – institutions
there are authorities. These include both conscious and not always
conscious preferences of a certain type of public organization
personal life, distribution of responsibility, attitudes towards
in relation to various social systems, etc.
RELIGIOUS CONSCIOUSNESS 519 817 – from the standpoint of the material-
lism is a fantastic reflection of people ruling over
them of natural and social forces in images, representations,
ideas related to the action of supernatural forces. It has
both cognitive and emotional roots: fear of the un-
understandable forces of nature, a feeling of powerlessness in the face of illness,
natural disasters, famine, etc.
EXTROVERTED CONSCIOUSNESS 514819419 498
(superficial consciousness) - in it there is awareness of the external world and one
at the same time, the inner world changes throughout the day.
the acceptance of events depends to a large extent on the state of a person
century - is he tense or relaxed, awake or half asleep.
Information processing changes, sometimes dramatically, in
depending on the level of wakefulness and readiness for perception
signals.
SOMATIC 548 498 319517 – bodily, relating to
to the body: a term used to describe various phenomena
in the body, associated with the body, as opposed to psi-
hike.
SOMATOAGNOSIA 519 419 819 49 – a type of tactile agno-
zis; manifests itself in a violation of recognition of parts of one's own body
la, in violation of the idea of the body scheme.
SOMATOPSYCHOLOGY 518 419819417 – in the circle of its pro-
The problems include the study of personality, psychological issues of diagnosis
gnostics, treatment, examination of patients with various diseases
yami that are not related to neurological and mental.
SOMNAMBULISM 514819 498516 (sleepwalking; sleepwalking)
- a form of complex, outwardly seemingly purposeful, but not particularly
known behavior; occurs during the transition from sleep to hypnosis-
a state similar to that of a psychiatrist.
DOUBT 819 498 21931 – 1. Uncertainty about the truth
something; lack of firm faith in someone or something. 2.
Difficulty, bewilderment in resolving some problem
millet.
PATHOLOGICAL DOUBT 518 219 31748 – not-
adequate painful and anxious experiences of morality
ethical, hypochondriacal and other content, inconsistent
posed by real and possible trouble or disaster.
SON 518 419 - periodic functional mental
the condition of humans and animals with specific behavioral
manifestations in the vegetative and motor spheres, characteristic
significant immobility and disconnection from the senses.
weed influences of the external world, - a state in which
interest in the outside world decreases. A person experiences in his dreams
suppression of conscious mental activity.
SLEEP: CATEGORY 548 498 14 (three categories of sleep) – in
When it comes to fulfilling desires, there are three categories of sleep:
1) dreams that reveal such desires in an undisguised form,
which the sleeper did not try to suppress - a childish type of dreams,
rare in adults;
2) disguised images of repressed desires –
the vast majority of dreams;
3) dreams where one or another suppressed desire comes out
covered or slightly disguised.
REM SLEEP 518 918 498 – (REM sleep – “with rapid
eye movements"; rapid wave sleep; rapid eye movement sleep;
radoxal) one of the two main alternating phases of sleep.
They have a complex multi-level organization that ensures
promoting the development of specific active processes in the brain.
SLOW-WAVE SLEEP 498 9 (slow-wave sleep; sleep
"slow" sleep is one of the two main alternating phases of sleep.
It has a complex multi-level organization that ensures
development of specific active processes in the brain. In the sleep phase
slow tonic (persistent) changes in the vegetative state are observed
tative and motor indicators: muscle tone decreases.
ry, breathing and heart rate slow down.
EMPATHY 519817 48 – assimilation of emotional-
state of a subject to the state of another subject or group
social; at the same time, in the individual consciousness of the subject
the attitude of another person (social group) towards is expressed
events happening to him (her).
COMPETITION 519 48 31 – desire for competition
with other people; the desire to gain the upper hand over them, to surpass them.
COMPARABILITY 318 419 48 – in relation to tests
means that the scores obtained through the test can be
compare regardless of where, when and by whom they were obtained
(if the test was applied correctly).
ACCOMPANIMENT UNCONSCIOUS
548 219 49 (unconscious accompaniment of conscious actions)
nykh) – such processes simply accompany actions. Here
include involuntary movements, tonic tensions, mi-
mimicry and pantomime, and a large class of vegetative reactions, so-
accompanying actions and mental states.
RESISTANCE 518 498 47854818 – power and process,
producing repression and maintaining it through
counteracting the transition of ideas and symptoms from insomnia
knowledgeable into consciousness. Resistance is a sure sign of con-
conflict and comes from the same higher layers and systems of the psyche, which
which at one time produced the displacement. Resistance can
to be only an expression of the I, which in its time produced an ex-
embossing, and now wants to keep it.
RESISTANCE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS
548491698719 – a process that occurs after the elimination of the resistance
resistance, which consists in the fact that I still have to overcome
the power of compulsive reproduction - the attraction that
unconscious images influence the repressed process
attractions.
RESISTANCE TO PAIN TREATMENT
548 498 319 317 – the force that prevents the awareness of forgotten memories
memories, transferring them from the unconscious to the conscious
to establish associative links between unconscious memories
tive and conscious. In the process of psychoanalytic therapy,
pi and this resistance creates an unconscious counteraction
client to the doctor and recovery. This resistance forms-
under the influence of the I, which does not want to stop repression, and sex-
sexual desires, unwilling to give up the substitute
satisfaction, it is not yet known whether the real world gives anything
the best.
RESISTANCE TO DREAM INTERPRETATION
519 498 81 – displacement resistance, acting as a
dream censorship sign.
TASTE PAPILLA 519 319 498 714 – structures, scattered
located on the surface of the tongue and containing taste buds.
FOCUS 51849131914 – 1. Direction
in one place; gathering in one place.
2. Direction, intensity, striving towards something
one; concentration of attention.
CONDITION 598 498 79849 – in the most general sense – is characterized by
the theoretics of any system, reflecting its position relative to
relative to the coordinate objects of the environment. The state of a person can
be internally and externally observable. It acts as a regulator
tive function of adaptation to the external situation and environment. Internal
The currently observed state is that recorded by consciousness
at a certain point in time, an integral feeling of well-being
well-being (ill-being), comfort (discomfort) in some
subsystems of the body or the whole organism as a whole. Externally
the observed state is the degree of well-being (ill-being)
chiya), comfort (discomfort), determined by the external readability
our signs.
STATE OF REPRESSIVE 518 498 21948 – a peculiar
a mental state in which unconscious
thoughts could not become conscious.
HYPNOID STATE 548941498571 – a special type
a mental state in which hysterical reactions occur
symptoms.
DISCOMFORTABLE CONDITION 319 498541589 – re-
experiencing non-localized negative emotions, characteristic
unpleasant sensations (headache) and unfavorable
psychophysiological shifts.
OBSESSIVE STATE 581 489671 49 – unproducible
free, suddenly appearing in the consciousness painful thoughts,
ideas or urges to action that are perceived as
alien, emotionally unpleasant. Can manifest in the form of
memories, doubts, desires, external actions. Often
are associated with painful experiences of being forced to reproduce them.
the work.
BORDERLINE STATE 514 819 318 481 – total
the name of a number of different weak, erased forms of nervous
mental disorders that are close to the conditional border
between mental health and severe pathology.
MENTAL STATE 518 491 318 498 194 – a concept used to conditionally distinguish in the psyche of an individual
yes, in relation to a static moment – in contrast to the concept of pro-
mental process emphasizing dynamic moments
psyche, and the concept of the property of the mental, indicating
stability of mental manifestations, their fixation and repetition
ability in the personality structure. Integral characteristics of the system
systems of individual activities, signaling the processes of their
implementations and their mutual consistency.
PSYCHEDELIC STATE 518 498 891 494 –
changes in consciousness caused by the introduction of psychode-
faces.
REACTIVE STATE 548 219 3187148 – special conditions
mental states - psychogenia, in the clinical picture of which
which reflect the content of mental trauma.
FUNCTIONAL STATE 548 491 89148514 –
background activity of the nervous system, under which real-
behavioral acts are used. It is a general, integral characteristic
characteristics of brain function, meaning the general state of many
the features of its structures.
SAVING 548 4986187142 – 1. memory phase, characterized by
which ensures long-term storage of perceived information in
hidden state; process in memory – retention of information in it
mations.
2. A concept used in the system of genetic psychology
J. Piaget to designate an intellectual operation associated with
with invariance, constancy of the properties of external objects
her environment.
SOCIALIZATION 549 4893175481 – process and result
assimilation and active reproduction of social information by an individual
experience, first of all – the system of social roles. It is realized in
communication and activities - in the family, preschool institutions,
school, in work collectives and others.
SOCIOBIOLOGY 514 987 894 91 – Defined as
the science of the biological basis of all forms of social behavior
nia. In the ideas about human nature it goes much further
ethology and goes so far as to assert that at the basis of all forms of
the basis of social management are innate structures inherent in
to man as well as to all other animals. Tries to synthe-
use the data collected by ethology and evolutionary theory,
enriched by the achievements of genetics.
SOCIOBEHAVIORISM 481 491 497 81949 – especially active
was actively formed in the 60s. New in relation to behavioral
ism is the idea that a person can master
children's behavior not through their own trial and error, but
by observing the experience of others and the reinforcements that accompany it.
that are associated with a particular behavior (“observational learning”)
"learning without trials").
This important distinction suggests that behavior becomes
cognitive – contains a cognitive component, including
including symbolic. This mechanism turns out to be the most important in
in the course of socialization, on its basis, behavior patterns are formed
aggressive and cooperative. Observation can not only
to form new forms of behavior, but also to activate
learned, not previously manifested.
SOCIOGENESIS 519 498 497 819 497 – in psychology – occurs
departure, development of higher mental functions, personality,
interpersonal relations, conditioned by the peculiarities of social-
in different cultures and socio-economic formalities
mations. The patterns of sociogenesis are the subject of psychology and
toric, studying the psychological characteristics of the formation
of knowledge, worldview, personality structure, assimilation of customs
ev and rituals in different eras, and so on, as well as the subject of ethno-
psychology.
SOCIOGENETICS 548 214 49851498 – according to its con-
concepts, the individual is only a temporary shell of immortal he-
new. The main purpose of an individual's life is to ensure the preservation of
genes and their transmission to offspring. All the achievements of evolution
and all individual achievements are only means of solving this
tasks.
SOCIOGRAM 498 498817514 – graphic expression
mathematical processing of the results obtained with the help of
sociometric test in the study of interpersonal relationships
nost in small groups. The sociogram allows you to visually
to present the structure of relationships in the group, to make assumptions
statements about the leadership style, about the degree of organization of the group in the
scrap. When constructing a sociogram, the following concepts are used:
as a choice, mutual choice, expected choice, deviation, from-
mutual deviation, expected deviation.
SOCIODRAMA 518491318491 – research method and cor-
social reactions aimed at resolving and eliminating
contradictions, tensions and conflicts in order to harmonize
tions of interpersonal relations in various health groups
new people. According to the ideas and principles of organization, sociodrama
suitable for psychodrama.
SOCIOMATRIX 51849171849 is a special table where
the results of the sociometric survey are recorded. Applies-
are used as a basis for calculating indices, constructing sociograms and graphs.
cove.
SOCIOMETRY 548917319819 (microsociology) – science
about society, psychological theory of society and at the same time – experimental method, social-psychological test,
providing for the study and regulation of relations between people
used to assess the connections between interpersonal emotions.
national in the group.
SOCIAL PHOBIA 548314498714 – a type of neurosis, characteristic
fear of publicity, fear of public speaking.
SYMBIOTIC UNION 519492 498317 – distributed
a special type of cohabitation between people, realized in two forms: 1)
passive - submission, masochism; 2) active - dominance, self-
dism.
COHESION 318491899174 (group cohesion,
team cohesion) is a characteristic of the internal system
group relationships, showing the degree of agreement between assessments,
attitudes and positions of the group in relation to objects, people,
ideas, events, etc., especially significant for the group in
in general.
GROUP COHESION 518472498519 – one of
processes of group dynamics, characterizing the degree of
loyalty to the group of its members. How are its specific indicators
are usually considered: 1) the level of mutual sympathy in relation to
interpersonal decisions: the greater the number of group members
like each other, the higher its cohesion; 2) the degree of
the attractiveness (usefulness) of the group for its members - the more
the number of people satisfied with their stay in the group of those
for whom the subjective value of the acquired through group-
the benefits outweigh the effort expended, -
the higher the force of its attraction and cohesion.
ABILITY 318471519891 – are defined as such
individual psychological characteristics of the subject, which
express his readiness to master certain types of activities
activities and their successful implementation are a condition for their
successful implementation. This means a high level
integration and generalization of mental processes, properties,
of the bearings, actions and their systems that meet the requirements of the activity
activities. They include both individual knowledge, skills and
skills and willingness to learn new methods and techniques
activities.
ABILITY: ORIGIN 518317219498 –
one of the most difficult questions: innate abilities, or
they are formed during life. "Congenital", "innate-
""natural"" is usually understood in the sense of "obtained from nature",
"inherited"; but from a scientific point of view this is not strictly true.
go, and the term "hereditary" is preferable.
ABILITY: DEVELOPMENT 5482172198949814 – very
the problem of identifying the mechanisms of formation and
development of abilities. First of all, these are data on periods
sensitive formation of functions.
ILLUSTRATIVE ABILITY 548916319498 –
a system of innate and developed operational qualities,
ensuring successful artistic creativity.
MUSICAL ABILITY 598791319498 – indie
visual and psychological characteristics of the individual, including
1) natural auditory sensitivity, which determines
analyzing natural, speech or musical sounds; 2)
subjective attitude developed in work and social communication
attitude to speech and musical intonations, expressed in
emotional reaction. In their development they form a system
a system with complex dynamic connections between individual
abilities.
SPECIAL ABILITY 548314819491 – psycho-
logical characteristics of an individual that provide the possibility
the ability to successfully complete a certain type of activity –
musical, theatrical, literary, etc. Development of the ability-
special features are based on the corresponding inclinations, -
for example, musical hearing and memory.
ABILITY OF INTELLECTUAL CONCLUSIONS
519317218491 (ability to draw conclusions) – ability,
allowing you to solve problems without preliminary trial ma-
nipulations. It appears in higher mammals, predominantly
in monkeys and humans. Allows us to grasp the connection between
various elements of situations and derive the correct answer from it
a solution by inference, without resorting to trial and error
I'm pitting at random.
COMPARISON 518 491319517 is one of the logical operations
thinking. Tasks for comparing objects, images, understanding
are widely used in psychological research on development
development of thinking and its disorders. The used
grounds for comparisons, ease of transition from one of them to another
to another, etc.
STIMONITOR 548 21731949 – drug
or a drug that when taken stimulates, increases energy
and the activity of the individual.
PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG 519 498319471 – medicine
natural products - chemical compounds and natural products
ducts that have selective activity in relation to
normal and disturbed mental activity; their action
The action is aimed at changes in the course of mental processes.
(cognitive processes, emotions, behavior).
STAGE 514317318418 – a period, a step in the development of something
or, upon achieving something.
STAGE PREGENITAL 49821731948 – early stage
a special kind of organization of childhood sexuality, which
characterized by great instability, the emergence of sadistic and
anal desires, as well as desires for looking and knowing.
STANDARD 517318 419 – 1. Sample, reference, model, acceptance
used as the initial ones for comparison with other similar ones
objects. 2. Something template, stencil, not containing anything creative, original, distinctive.
STANDARDIZATION 061489217218 298 – 1. Establishment
uniform norms and requirements – standards.
2. In psychodiagnostics, two forms of standardization are distinguished:
tions:
1) standardization and uniformity of instructions, procedures
following, materials, registration methods and other things when
the use of a certain test - in this sense, all tests are standard-
called;
2) standardization of data obtained through specific
methodology, - their correlation with a specially developed and
a reasonable grading scale.
STANDARDIZATION 31481449871 – applicable
tests here mean that they should always and everywhere be applied
change equally, starting from the situation and instructions – and con-
tea methods of calculating and interpreting the obtained indicators
telev.
OLD AGE 519 317 849 317 – the final period of life
ni, the conditional beginning of which is associated with a departure from the immediate
active participation in the productive life of society.
Chronological definition of the boundary separating old age
from maturity, is not always justified due to the huge differences in in-
unique in the appearance of signs of aging. These signs
are expressed in a gradual decrease in functional capabilities
of the human body. In addition to the progressive
weakening of health, decline of physical strength old age is characteristic
psychological changes proper – for example, intel-
lectual and emotional “withdrawal” into the inner world, in
experiences associated with the assessment and understanding of the past
life.
Psychology poses the problem of creating conditions for active,
a full life in old and advanced age, it is necessary
the need to prepare a person for the onset of old age.
STATIC 548471 489716 – a state of rest or equilibrium.
The opposite concept is dynamics.
STATISTICS 548471319879 – 1. The science that studies and educates
measuring quantitative indicators of social development
the state of society and various social phenomena, their relationships
changes and changes. 2. Quantitative accounting of mass phenomena.
STATISTICS MATHEMATICAL 51931721848 – ob-
a branch of mathematics based on probability theory. It deals with the search for laws of change and methods of measuring random quantities, as well as the justification of calculation methods for these quantities. It describes the patterns that characterize the interaction of random quantities. Its methods are widely used in psychology to discover "statistically significant" connections between mental and behavioral phenomena and other factors considered as their causes or consequences.
STATUS 54931781949 – in social psychology – position
the subject in the system of interpersonal relations, determining
his rights, duties and privileges. In different groups
the same individual can have different statuses. It is essential
significant differences in the status that an individual acquires in groups,
differing in the level of group development, content of children
activity and communication, often become the cause of frustration.
tion, conflict, etc.
SOCIOMETRIC STATUS 319517819499 – shows
the socio-psychological properties of the individual as an object of communication
munications in a group, fixing the position and size of the pre-
the achievement of a person in his communication with others.
STENICITY 54831454848 – characteristic of high ra-
the individual's ability to work, resistance to various obstacles,
the ability to perform long-term continuous activity – even when
sleep deprivation for several days. The opposite
sthenicity - asthenia.
STEREOPSIS 548421319417 – subjective sensation
depth of space in binocular vision, due to
retinal horizontal disparity. All other things being equal,
conditions - the greater the disparity, the greater the visible
depth.
STEREOSCOPE 54189218948 – an optical device that
swarm. Allows independent presentation to the right and left eyes
two disparate images of the same object and theme
thereby creating a sense of volume in the image of an object.
STEREOTYPE 54893131848 – something that is repeated unchangeably
in a new form; a pattern of action, behavior, etc., applied without
thoughts, reflection, even unconsciously. A characteristic feature of the wall
rheotype - high resistance.
DYNAMIC STEREOTYPE 54931721848 – concept,
reflecting the integration of conditioned reflex processes in the co-
re of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain, which is achieved by
repeated presentation of the same positive or
inhibitory stimuli are conditioned, following with constant
time intervals. The system of conditioned reflexes formed
in response to a persistently repetitive system of stimuli
conditional.
STEREOTYPE SOCIAL 21931721848 – relatively
a stable and simplified image of a social object – a group,
person, event, phenomenon, etc., developing into a condition
in situations of information deficit as a result of generalization of personal
experience and ideas accepted in society (often biased)
tykh).
STEREOTYPE ETHNIC 54852131948 – relatively
stable ideas about moral, mental and physical
qualities inherent in representatives of various communities
ethnic. Their content usually contains evaluative
opinions about the specified qualities, but may also contain prescriptions
instructions for action in relation to people of a given nationality.
STEREOTYPING 528517219314 – perception, classification
ification and evaluation of social objects (events) by dissemination
the application of characteristics of a certain social group to it
other things based on certain ideas - stereotypes
social. As a mechanism of mutual understanding - classification
forms of behavior and the interpretation of their causes by referring to
already known or seemingly known phenomena, categori-
pits, social stereotypes.
One of the most important characteristics of intergroup perception
and interpersonal; reflects schematization and affectivity
the active coloring characteristic of this form of perception of the so-
social in general. From a psychological point of view, it represents so-
battle the process of attributing similar characteristics to all members
some social group or community without sufficient special
knowledge of possible differences between them.
PULFRICH STEREO EFFECT 41981931941 – illusion
visual, characterized by a subjective sense of depth
unequal illumination of the observer's eyes. In particular, if
look with one eye at the flat swinging pendulum through
red glass, and the other through the green, then the trajectory of the swing
pendulum will be perceived as elliptical. The reason for the effect
the effect lies in the difference in the latent periods of sensations,
caused by exposure to light of different wavelengths.
STYLE 819817319489 – a method of implementation, execution
something characterized by a set of unique techniques.
STYLE COGNITIVE 54854231948 – 1. Relatively
stable individual characteristics of cognitive processes
the subject's functions, expressed in the strategies he uses
cognitive. 2. The totality of private attitudes of cognitive
or types of control established by a set of special
individually selected tests.
STIMULUS 542 489198 174 – an effect that causes
the dynamics of the individual's mental states (reaction) and the related
to it as a cause to an effect. In physiology and psychophy-
In ziology this concept is identical to the concept of irritation.
STIMULUS: GENERALIZATION 548317 819499 – acquisition
by many stimuli that are not initially associated with the response
conditional, the ability to cause such.
STIMULUS: MODEL NERVOUS 819492 498714 – config-
radio trace left in the nervous system as a result of
repetitions of a stimulus with fixed parameters. After
multiple repetitions of the stimulus result in selective
extinction of the reflex orienting only to this stimulus.
change in any of the parameters of the stimulus nervous system
stimulates the strengthening of the orienting reflex. Stimulus model
the nervous system performs the function of self-adjusting multidimensional-
filter that selectively suppresses the orientation reflex
permanent to a repeatedly repeated stimulus.
STIMULUS KEY 519317319814 – special raz-
irritants are external factors that cause the “launch” of an in-
stinct. Signals of any modality can act in their role:
colors, smells, sounds, visual forms, movements, etc.
STIMULATION 517 489319 849 –
1. Process and result
application, application of a stimulus, stimulating effect.
2. Motivation to action, encouragement.
STIMULATION TRIGGER 549819317 498 – method of
stimulation of the brain through the visual analyzer
by rhythmically presenting flashes of light using
feedback. Due to the synchronization of the rhythms of the brain and light,
The effects of these irritations can reveal a hidden tendency to epilepsy.
lepsy.
SUFFERING 548317489417 – 1. Physical or moral
pain, torment. A state of pain, illness, grief, sadness, fear,
melancholy, anxiety, etc. 2. Endurance, the opposite of action
activities.
SUFFERING: SOURCE 318489519614 (three sources
suffering) - the main sources of human suffering are:
1) superior forces of nature;
2) the frailty of the human body;
3) deficiencies in intuition that regulates relationships
people - in the family, society and the state.
PASSION 318717918489 – strong, persistent, all-encompassing
a feeling that dominates over other impulses and
leading to the concentration of all aspirations and forces on the subject
passions.
STRATA 54821721931 – 1. In Western sociology – general-
a social class, a group of people united by some common
social characteristic - property, professional,
level of education, etc. Usually contrasted with the concept
tiyu social class.
2. In relation to a certain group, collective, society – a layer,
a subgroup, a sub-community, distinguished according to a certain characteristic
ku.
STRATEGY 819413 49851 - in psychology - general plan,
procedure for conducting psychological research, therapy and
etc.; the art of their implementation.
SECTION STRATEGY 514813514814 – a procedure for research-
development of a certain mental function through comparison
indicators of this function in groups of children who differ
are chosen by age, but by all other indicators the maximum
aligned.
FEAR 489 714 819 48 – an emotion that arises in situations
threats to the biological or social existence of an individual
type and directed towards the source of real or imaginary
danger.
INFANTILE FEAR 519 489 319 14 – childhood fear,
which is initially only an expression of the fact that the loved one is missing. However, it is also observed in adults as a neurotic fear, generated by the direct transformation of libido into fear.
NEUROTIC FEAR 498 317 491 46 – various
forms of "aimless fear" of neurotics; arise from distraction
libido from normal use, or due to failure of the psi-
chemical authorities.
FEAR IS REAL 498 471 816 – rational expression
instinct of self-preservation as a normal reaction to perception
of external danger.
FREE FEAR 548 317 718 491 48 – total indefinite
shared timidity, ready to become attached to any p-
the opportunity that has arisen and is expressed in a state of “fear of expectation”
"Denmark" or "fearful expectation." Fear is groundless, not
associated with the object that causes this fear. High degrees
fear of freedom always has a relation to disease
fear neurosis.
FEAR OF DEATH 548 491 318 816 – one of the main types
fear; understood as a process in which the I am too sh-
roco spends his supply of narcissistic libido like something,
similar to castration fear.
ASPIRATION 317 841 491857 – a motive that does not pre-
is placed on the subject in its objective content, due to which
the dynamic side of the activity comes to the fore.
Primary drive, sensory experience of need and
attraction to an object, expressed as attraction and desire.
depending on the degree of awareness it is like a dynamic tendency
expressed in the form of attraction or desire.
STRESS 819471 is a concept for a wide range of
states of mental stress caused by the performance of
activities in particularly difficult conditions and emerging
in response to various extreme influences - stress-
fish.
STRESSOR 917489718 – various extreme events
actions leading to the development of undesirable functional
state of mind – stress.
STRUCTURE 819 517816 919 – a set of stable
connections between a set of components of an object, providing
its integrity and self-identity.
STRUCTURALISM 498481 819471 – a movement in psychology,
embodying the same approach that ensured the success of chemistry and physics.
ki: dismemberment into constituent elements.
STRUCTURING 571 816 917 988514 – strategy for-
memory, in which the elements of the information being remembered
are linked into coherent groups according to some logical basis
vania.
STRUCTURE 91861 – the property of perception to unite
influencing stimuli into integral, relatively simple
structures.
STUPOR 518 471 819317 – a state of severe depression,
expressed in complete immobility, silence. Observed-
occurs in some psychoses.
SHAME 51871631981514 – an emotion that arises as a result
awareness of the discrepancy, real or imaginary, between one's own
mortars or some individual manifestations accepted in
a given society and the norms or requirements that they themselves share.
morality. Shame can be associated with behavior or manifestations
the development of personality traits of others, usually close people
(shame for another).
SUBCULTURE 548 483319 817 – some relatively
isolated or conditionally distinguished according to certain criteria
riam is an organic part of the general culture.
CHILDREN'S SUBCULTURE 517 497 548 814 – in a wide range
in the sense of everything that is created by human society for children and
children; in a narrower sense – the semantic space of values,
attitudes, methods of activity and forms of communication implemented
in children's communities of this specific historical social-
current situation of development.
SUBLIMATION 319 491718 827 (sublimation) – in psycho-
choanalysis is the process and mechanism of transformation of sexual energy
sexual attraction, characterized by the replacement of the sexual goal with
a more distant and more socially valuable goal: the energy of sex-
sexual attraction is transformed into socially acceptable forms.
We are active, in particular creative activity.
SUBPERSONALITY 514821314 498 – as if relatively un-
dependent, more or less developed personalities within a person;
they can correspond to the roles a person plays in life
no.
SUBTEST 498 381498714 – part of the test or its subscale
having independent meaning and evaluating a certain
useful property.
SUBJECT 49106485487148 – in psychology – an individual or
group as a source of knowledge and transformation of reality
sti; carrier of activity.
SUBJECTIVITY 418317814219 – attitude towards something
or determined by personal views, interests or tastes
subject; lack of objectivity.
SUBJECTIVE 317514819917 – 1. Characteristic only
to a given subject, person – personal; relating to the subject.2.
One-sided, lacking objectivity, biased,
taken.
SUBJECTIVITY REFLECTED 314814219471 – ideal-
the representation of one person in another, the otherness of someone
or in someone. Reflecting in other people, a person acts
as an active principle that contributes to changing their views,
the formation of new impulses, the emergence of previously unexperienced
experiences. Thus, a person opens up to people as a significant
This is another source of new personal meanings for them.
SUGGEREND 8489417319814 – object of heterosuggestion;
can be either an individual or a group, social
layer, etc.
SUGGESTOR 481319519816 – source of suggestion (sugge-
stia); it can be an individual, a group, or mass media.
formations.
SUPERSTITION 58942131975 – a prejudice that consists in the fact that
that the individual accepts unknown forces as reality, capable of-
able to foretell events and even influence them. Contains admissible
the idea, often unconsciously, that one can find protection from these forces
or enter into a compromise with them. Therefore, superstition, as a rule,
It manifests itself at the behavioral level in reduced ritual forms: wearing talismans, tattoos, magical gestures, etc. Signs occupy a special place: certain events are attributed with prognostic significance.
JUDGMENT 54931759851 is one of the logical forms of thinking.
leniya. Reflects the connection between two concepts – the subject and
predicate. In logic, classifications of judgments are developed.
psychology studies their development as forms of thinking ab-
tractive, logical, and also – violation of logical thinking
psychological literature provides interpretations of psychic
chological mechanisms underlying the relationship between concepts
tiy.
SUICIDE 548 491 219 894 – an act of suicide committed
in a state of severe mental disorder or under the influence
mental illness; a conscious act of self-removal from
life under the influence of acute psychotraumatic situations,
in which one's own life as the highest value loses
meaning. The causes of suicide are varied and are rooted not only in
personality deformations of the subject and a psychotraumatic environment
but also in the socio-economic and moral organization
society's formation.
SURDOPSYCHOLOGY 514817914319 (psychology of the deaf)
– a section of special psychology that studies the development of the mental
the speech of deaf and hard of hearing people, the possibilities of its correction
tions in the conditions of training and education, in particular – in the conditions of
special education.
MOTIVATIONAL SPHERE 491318519478 – is formed
hierarchical structure of motives inherent in the individual. If
compare it to a building, then it can have different meanings for different people
very different shapes: in the form of a pyramid with one or more
with peaks, and with a narrow or wide foundation, and high
or low, etc. The scope of motivation determines the scale
and personality character. Usually hierarchical relationships of motives
are not fully realized. They become clear in situations of con-
conflict of motives.
MOTOR SPHERE 548217319498 is one of the spheres of manifestation
temperament. Its manifestations here can be considered
as particular expressions of general activity. These include
tempo, speed, rhythm and total number of movements.
EMOTIONAL SPHERE 317489218517 – one of the spheres
manifestations of temperament. Its manifestations here are expressed in
in the form of various emotions.
SCHEME 59831421849 – typical and repeating sequence
importance of actions and operations observed in the methods of
adaptation of the organism to environmental conditions. As applied to humans,
centuries - internal intellectual psychological structure,
managing the organization of thinking and behavior in various
situations.
CAUSAL SCHEME 59431721989 – concept of psychology
social. Means:
1) principles of causality analysis in the field of social perception
acceptance;
2) stable ideas about specific causal relationships
zah.
THINKING SCHEME 31781949849 – a system of concepts or
the logic of reasoning habitually applied by the subject when
encounter with an unfamiliar object or a new task.
BODY SCHEME 51849189971 – can be considered as
psychophysiological information apparatus, where constantly
dynamic and static objects are formed and compared
body images, as well as operational images – images of future movement
ness. On the physiological basis of the body scheme, a personal
the superstructure by which psychological
ical and aesthetic images of the body, carrying both an evaluative function
tion. At the highest, socio-psychological level of development
body schemes are formed by images associated with such representations
such as gender roles and morality. Therefore, the body scheme
la acts as an apparatus not only for self-knowledge, but also for self-
knowledge.
_T_
T-GROUP 489517374548 – a group created to influence
effects on its members in the system of interpersonal relations - with the purpose of
to develop their socio-psychological competence,
communication and interaction skills.
ISOCHROMATIC TABLE 548217917218 – tab-
persons serving to test color vision, on whom the medium-
between the spots of one color there are spots (numbers, letters, figures)
another color - with the same brightness and saturation. When defe-
In terms of color vision, these spots are not distinguished. One of the options
of similar tables are the tables of E. B. Rabkin.
TABOO 57432854871 – a ban or system of bans on secular
or of a religious nature, imposed on a certain object,
action, word, etc., the violation of which entails social
or religious-mystical sanctions in the form of punishment, illness
or death.
TAXIS 48931721849 – instinctive form of space
natural orientation of animals, mechanical orientation
components of behavioral acts, innate methods of pro-
spatial orientation: 1) towards life-favorable
conditions and stimuli of the external environment (taxis of positive
positive); 2) away from unfavorable (negative taxis).
For example, moving towards anything that looks like
food, and from everything that is unpleasant. Plants have similar reactions.
tions are expressed in changes in the direction of growth and are called
tropisms.
TAXON 51489131948 – a set of discrete (separate-
(of objects related by a certain commonality of properties and
features that characterize this set.
TALENT 5984971841 – high level of development of abilities
qualities manifested in creative achievements that are important in the context of
the development of culture, first of all, the abilities of specialists
talent should be judged by the results of the activities.
features that must be distinguished by fundamental novelty,
originality of approach.
THANATOS 519 498 819 471 – death drive, instinct
death, aggression and destruction.
TANGORECEPTOR 498171317819 – a type of receptor so-
tial, responding only to touch.
TACHISTOSCOPE 914514319489 – a device that allows
present visual stimuli (images) at a strictly defined
divided, including very short time.
CREATIVITY 519417 418614 – the mental process of creation
the emergence of new values, as if a continuation and replacement of children's play
activity, the result of which is the creation of new material
nal and spiritual values.
COMPUTER CREATIVITY 548 42131949 – view
creative activity performed by means of computer
ra. With the correct organization of the use of the computer,
the possibilities of human creativity are significantly expanding,
associated with setting and solving new problems. These problems
can be an integral part of scientific, technical, artistic
of individual, organizational creativity, which opens up possibilities
ability to classify computer creativity. Significance
Of great importance is the organization of dialogue between the computer,
implementing algorithmic procedures, and a person as
the subject of computer creativity.
TEXT 548517199897 – complete, integral content
a speech production that is both structural and constructive; a product of generation
(production) of speech, alienated from the subject of speech (the speaker)
th); in turn, is the main object of its perception and understanding. Any text perceived as "normal"
has the characteristics of integrity and coherence. Coherence is defined as
semantic, syntactic, intonational and pro-
whose interdependencies of individual components of the text (statements)
niy), provided in different languages (and different texts) by different
by our means.
TELE 518517319418 is a term meaning the simplest unit
a network of feelings - empathy that arises between people,
transmitted between them and determining the quantity and quality
relationships, interpersonal.
TELEPATHY 519489 491848 – the phenomenon of transmission over a distance
nii - without the help of methods of communication known to science
- information about the condition of one person to another, or not
which thoughts or images.
TIMBER 519 317 814 – subjectively perceived feature
the peculiarity of sound in the form of its coloring, associated with the simultaneous occurrence
the action of sound vibrations of different frequencies, which are included in the
becoming a complex sound.
TEMPERAMENT 548 917 319818 – a stable association
individual characteristics associated with dynamic, rather than
substantive aspects of the activity; those individual
properties that depend to the greatest extent on natural means-
human characteristics. Temperament is an individual characteristic
subject from the side of the dynamic features of his activity
mental: intensity, speed, tempo, rhythm of the psyche-
ical processes and states.
TEMPERAMENT: CLASSIFICATION 919 317918498 – in
various classifications of temperaments are based on
their different properties:
1) the speed and strength of emotional reactions;
2) the level of activity and the prevailing emotional tone;
3) scales of extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability
emotional intensity;
4) reactivity and activity;
5) general mental activity, historical and emotional
ness.
TEMPERAMENT: TYPE 519817319498 – according to the teaching
According to the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates (6th century BC), there are four types of temperament. It was believed that the body has four main fluids, or "juices": blood, mucus, yellow bile and black bile. Mixed in certain proportions, they make up its temperament. The types of temperament received a specific name according to the predominant fluid in the body: melancholic, sanguine, phlegmatic and choleric temperament.
TEMPERAMENT:STUDIESPSYCHOLOGICAL
59847231949 (psychological theory of temperament) – Approach
to the temperament characteristic of this teaching is to proceed from analysis
only behavior. When determining temperament, as a rule,
there is no indication of innate or organic foundations, but
the main load is on the sign of "formal-dynamic
properties of behavior”, which are abstracted from the integral behavior
daily acts.
TEMPERAMENT:PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY
51931721849 (physiological doctrine of temperament) - throughout the long and complex history of the doctrine of temperament, it has always been associated with the physiological characteristics of the body.
TEMPERAMENT | CHARACTER 217 28949871 (temperament
and character) - although in psychology they differ, there is no clear boundary
there is no difference between them. In the most general and approximate sense
temperament continues to be understood either as a “natural basis”
va”, or as the “dynamic basis” of character.
TREND 319516 49878 –
1. Direction of views
and actions; inclinations inherent in someone or something
or.
2. The direction in which a certain phenomenon is developing.
3. Idea, direction of thought, statement, work.
4. A preconceived idea, thought, or opinion imposed on someone.
DETERMINING TREND 598716 919714 –
the concept means a mental state that occurs when
formulation of the problem, in which the direction and selection are determined
efficiency of thinking.
THEORY 319817914216 – scientific theory – is a systematization
a coherent description, explanation, and prediction of phenomena; an attempt to provide a holistic representation of the patterns and essential properties of certain areas of reality, arising on the basis of widely confirmed hypotheses. It exists until a certain amount of data contradicting it accumulates, requiring a revision of the theory or even its rejection.
THEORY OF AUTOMATISM 319 821491 216 – based on
the principle of psychophysical parallelism: if the physiological
logical processes do not depend on mental ones, then throughout life
Human activity can be described by means of physiology.
THEORY OF COMMUNICATIVE ACTS
319 217898 617 – belongs to the group of theories of cognitive correspondence
tive. Conveys the idea that the means of overcoming dis-
comfort caused by the discrepancy between the attitude of man
century to another person and his attitude to what is common to them
object, is the development of communication between partners, in the course of
in which the position of one of them changes and thereby restores
conformity is imposed.
THEORY OF STRUCTURAL BALANCE 498 217598 248 –
belongs to the group of cognitive correspondence theories. Based on
is based on the idea of correspondence and the idea of attribution; considers the state of
the balance of the human cognitive structure in blue
tuations of his perception of another person and the construction of two rows
relations: to this person and to the object common to both partners
poor communication skills.
THEORY OF THE UNCONSCIOUS 319 371819498 – agree-
but in her psyche there are three spheres (areas): consciousness,
preconscious (preconscious) and unconscious.
THEORY OF ACTIVITY 518317598491 – Its basis is –
ideas about the structure of activity, although they are not exhaustive.
theory completely. One of the essential differences of the theory
activities from previous concepts - recognition of the indivisible
discontinuous unity of consciousness and behavior. This unity is already contained in the main unit of analysis – action.
THEORY OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
517319489371 – socio-psychological theory, one of the con-
concepts of Western social psychology that explain the influence
on human behavior of the system of cognitive elements –
beliefs, opinions, values, intentions, etc.
GAME THEORY 54851791946 – addition to K.'s game theory.
Gross, where the emphasis in the analysis of the game was shifted from operational-
aspect to the motivational one. The desire for the game, which consists in
repetition of the same actions can be supported
only positive emotions generated by the process itself
process of activity. This was called functional convenience.
with will.
CONVERGENCE THEORY 319485498713 – theory of development
theory of the mental child, proposed by V. Stern, in which
an attempt was made to reconcile two approaches:
1) preformist - where the leading factor was recognized
heredity;
2) sensualistic - where the emphasis was on external conditions
yah. In this theory, priority is given to hereditary factors.
tors, and delirium is considered as a factor influencing the pace
development, accelerating or inhibiting the manifestations of biologically
of the acquired qualities. The mental development itself was interpreted
as the maturation of initially embedded properties. Accordingly
this methodological approach, the periodization of child development
tia was interpreted on the basis of the biogenetic law.
CONGRUENCE THEORY 319317875498 – refers to
group of theories of cognitive correspondence. It consists in the fact that,
that in order to achieve conformity in the cognitive structure of a person,
centuries as a perceiving subject, he simultaneously changes
their attitude both to the other person and to the object they are
both evaluate. Thus, if the subject has a positive attitude towards the other-
to the same subject, but negatively to the object being evaluated, then in
in the case of a positive attitude of the second subject to the object of the first
the subject, reducing the “negativity” of his attitude towards this-
to this object, at the same time it also reduces the “positivity” of its own
bearing on the second subject. Here the correspondence (“congruent-
(ness") is restored by simultaneously changing
of these two series of relations, sometimes due to a change in the sign of the
wearing.
THEORY OF PERSONALITY CONSTRUCTS
519 71331849 – at the center of the theory is the idea that the main
noe - what means a person has at his disposal to describe
world, to predict future events. According to this
theories, a person builds an image of reality on the basis of special – in-
individual - conceptual scales that allow us to establish
similarities and differences between events. These scales are “construct-
you are personal”, – included in complex relationships,
develop systems that allow us to put forward hypotheses about the world;
confirmation of hypotheses entails rejection of the construct or re-
building relationships between constructs. Personal difficulties
are caused by the inadequacy of constructs and difficulties in their implementation
restructuring; this is what mental correction is aimed at.
The so-called fixed role therapy is also changing.
THEORY OF THE FUNCTIONAL CIRCLE 549 31721849 –
conceptual model proposed by J. Uexküll (1864 –
1944) within the framework of his subjective-idealistic teaching about the world.
Serves to explain the interaction of the organism and the external environment
environment. It is based on the premise that the surrounding world (Umwelt)
exists for a living organism only in those aspects that correspond to
correspond to his need states. The implementation of these
need states presuppose the agreement of two parties
presented to the subject of the world.
THEORYCULTURAL-HISTORICAL
549 217 218 98 – the concept of human mental development.
According to this theory, the main pattern of the ontogenesis of the psyche
consists in the internalization by the child of the structure of his external,
social-symbolic – joint with an adult and mediated
bathroom signs - activities. As a result, the previous structure
functions of the psychic as “natural” changes – mediated
is characterized by internalized signs, mental functions
"become acculturated." Externally, this is manifested in the fact that they become
become conscious and voluntary. Thus, internalization becomes
and acts as socialization. During the internalization, the structure
external activity is transformed and “curtailed”, with
in order to transform and “unfold” again in the course of
exteriorization, when the mental function is based on
"external" social activity. As a universal tool,
changing mental functions, the linguistic sign appears -
word. Here the possibility of explaining verbal and
symbolic nature of cognitive processes in humans.
To test the basic provisions of the theory, a
"double stimulation technique" with the help of which the modeling
the process of sign mediation was observed, the mechanism was traced
the concept of the incorporation of signs into the structure of mental functions –
attention, memory, thinking.
PERSONALITY THEORY 548 317318498 – system of representation
in which the decisive role in the emergence of personal characteristics
ties and psychological disorders are attributed to relationships
interpersonal. Typical interpersonal situations are
some matrices to form a certain type
personality, understood as a set of social masks.
It is known that when social relations (interpersonal) change,
nostnykh) it is possible to achieve harmonization of the personality, which is what is
is the goal of psychotherapy.
PERSONALITY THEORY IMPLICIT
518 483319514818 (naive concept of personality; theory of personality-
common sense) – 1. In a broad sense – a set of non-
explicit ideas of a person or a group of people about the structure and
mechanisms of functioning of personal formations. 2. In
in a narrow sense - implicit ideas about the connections between features
personal.
The implicit theory of personality allows us to form a ce-
a false impression of another person based on partial,
sometimes fragmentary information about his personal characteristics.
Describes such properties of personality traits as hierarchy
(centrality), evaluativeness, differentiation (complexity)
cognitive ability), the degree of realism (adequacy),
stability.
MURRAY'S PERSONALITY THEORY 514814317314 - its key
position is the principle of dyadic interaction.
since the individual does not exist outside the social environment,
the object of analysis should be a certain unit of their interaction
– need-pressure system.
In understanding the nature of fantasy and personality structure almost
The basic principles of psychoanalysis are applied without changes
classical.
LEARNING THEORY 517318419817 – a general concept meaning
comprising a set of psychological and physiological consequences
concepts that explain how humans and animals acquire
They gain life experience.
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY 51842181949 –
presented by supporters of behaviorism in the 70s. In it,
special emphasis is placed on the fact that many human actions are shaped by
are influenced by the social environment. According to supporters
of this theory, one of the main reasons that made people so
kimi, as they are, is connected with the human tendency to
to reflect on the behavior of others, taking into account how favorable
for an individual there may be results of such imitation. So,
the individual is influenced not only by external conditions, but he must
also to foresee the consequences of one's behavior by means of its self-
a fair assessment.
THE THREE-PHASE THEORY OF NEUROSIS 51431721949 (three-phase-
(the theory of the origin of neurosis) is a conceptual model,
describing the development of neurosis as a system of learned behaviors
reactions. First stage: some event occurs,
naturally causing a strong emotional reaction,
for example fear.
Second stage: close in time to this event occurs
another event, initially neutral, occurs; it is associative
associated with the first traumatic event and with emotional
response to it.
Stage three: if reinforcement does not occur, then there is the first
the situation does not repeat itself, the emotional fading occurs
reactions. But if the situation is repeated, then neurosis arises, in
in which the emotional reaction is triggered by events
neutral but associated with traumatic events
yami.
THEORY OF CONTINUITY OF THE SENSORY SERIES
CLASSICAL 54821939871 (classical theory of incon-
discontinuity of the sensory series) is one of the two main theories of class-
sical psychophysics, characterized by the rejection of the concept of threshold
sensory. The main postulate of this theory is the position
that the sensory series is not discrete, structured
defined by sensory thresholds, but is built continuously and is
is a continuous series of different degrees of clarity. According to
but this theory, at every moment of time on the sensory system
there are many different factors at work, favorable or
unfavorable for the recognition of this stimulus. In such
conditions, the appearance of a sensation depends on the intensity of the
irritant, and from the ratio that was at the moment of its action
side factors.
THEORY OF ACTIVITY MEDIATION
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS 398714298517 (theory
activity mediation of interpersonal relations) –
socio-psychological theory of the collective. It postulates
It is believed that in a developed group there is a mediation of relations
interpersonal content, goals and objectives of the activity
sity performed by the group. When the goals change, the
structure of interpersonal relations. Thus, the mediation of activity
the individualistic one acts as a system-forming feature of the collective
tiva.
Within the framework of this theory, a number of social-
psychological phenomena: collective self-determination,
unity of value-orientation, motivational core of inter-
personal choices, effective group emotional
identification, reference.
RELATIONSHIP THEORY 598472898471 is one of the authori-
tet theories in domestic psychology. The system of relations
is considered as the psychological core of the personality. Through this
the concept turned out to be possible to consider various mental
skii phenomena.
MEMORY THEORY 549317489319 is a concept that highlights
two types of memory:
1) memory-habit, or memory of the body - the basis of which is
physiological brain processes; 2) memory-
recollection, or memory of the spirit - not connected with activity
brain of the brain.
THEORY OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE
5484983194815 (the theory of the search for the meaning of life) – psychocorrection
a theoretical and psychotherapeutic theory of personality that explains
psychological problems of a person's loss of the meaning of life
nogo. Directs the procedures of psychocorrection and psychotherapy to
search for the lost meaning of life.
FIELD THEORY 491489 49719 – The concept of a field is associated with
a system of stimulating objects that exist “here and now”
in the subjective space of a person. The field is tense when
an imbalance between the individual and the environment arises.
The voltage needs to be discharged, which is realized as a
intention. When executing an intention, the objects in which
a person no longer experiences needs, loses motivation
force.
Situations in which behavior is determined by field objects,
are called field behavior; its normal variant is
believes that the object controls behavior by virtue of conformity
needs. But there are options when a person obeys
random objects that simply happened to be in his environment.
In fact, this behavior happens to everyone, but it has become a style
management, is a sign of pathology.
THRESHOLD THEORY 51491731981 – theoretical models
whether, designed to explain the operating principle of sensory systems.
The main problem solved in this case is the existence and essence
thresholds of sensory. In some theories it is believed that the system-
We sensors work on a discrete (threshold) principle,
in others - in a continuous manner.
FECHNER THRESHOLD THEORY 4983174817 – model,
created by G. T. Fechner, designed to explain the principle of operation
sensory systems. It distinguishes four stages of the process of
expressions of the sensory:
1) irritation is a physical process;
2) excitation is a physiological process;
3) sensation is a mental process;
4) judgment is a logical process.
The sensory threshold is understood as the transition from excitation to
sensation. When considering quantitative relationships
Fechner, having excluded the physiological plan from consideration,
tried to identify a direct relationship between irritation
sensation and feeling. Thanks to this, the law of psychic
Chophysical basic.
STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS THEORY 481 48731947 – created by W.
James, who represented mental life as a continuous
a stream of sensations, a stream of experiences from which consciousness selects what
what meets the needs and, as it were, shapes the internal
the world of man.
PROTOTYPE THEORY 498517914218 – concept of psycho-
cognitive science, in which stimulus recognition is described
as a correlation with a certain prototype stored in memory and
representing an abstract representation of a set of stimuli,
formed by a multitude of similar forms of the same pattern
thorn.
EQUILIBRIUM THEORY 54847139857 – cognitive theory
interpersonal relationships based on the assumption that non-
balanced, contradictory systems cognitive auto-
mathematically strive to achieve greater balance.
PROBABILISTIC DEVELOPMENT THEORY 37149859491
(stochastic development theory) – a theory according to which the development
mental development at each stage is determined by chance
a combination of factors and depends only on the level achieved
previous stage of development.
THEORY OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT 564841 – psychoana-
a politically oriented theory of the development of social groups,
accepting as the main moments of development the change of orientation
value, normative characteristics and the dominance of different
personal members of the group. According to the theory, in the development of the group,
There are two phases:
1) the phase of dependence, or the phase of power;
2) the phase of interdependence, or the interpersonal phase.
DEVELOPMENT THEORY FUNCTIONAL 54149831947
(functional theory of mental development) - a theory,
asserting that the development of a certain mental function is directly
depends on the frequency and intensity of its practical life-
of application.
EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT THEORY 54849131941 –
a theory that states that during the course of mental and behavioral
In a child’s development, everything – or almost everything – is determined by his or her genes.
type, and that in development nothing appears that has not been worn out.
initially laid down at least in embryo.
ROLE THEORY 59831731948 – socio-psychological
a theory of personality and interpersonal relationships based on
the concept of social roles. Represents them in terms of behavior
role-playing.
SELF-ACTUALIZATION THEORY 481489319 817 – human-
istic theory of personality psychology. It states that the differ-
A developing personality is characterized by a desire for self-actualization
tion, which together represent the highest level of personal
self-improvement.
DOUBLE BOND THEORY 598491 319819 (double bond theory)
connection) – Explains the emergence and development of schizophrenia in a special way.
communication features in families of patients. Since any public
ment can be carried out in different ways and at different levels
(for example, at the level of verbal text, at the level of bodily expression-
press, etc.), the possibility of a contradiction between the developments
high-level messages coming from public participants
nija. In a normal situation, such a contradiction is tracked
interlocutors, and they have a fundamental opportunity to get out
you to the meta-level and discuss the rules of your communications.
SEXUAL-ECONOMIC THEORY
519489 598694 – general designation of a set of ideas and concepts
concepts of W. Reich, aimed at creating a science of "sexual-
"economics", based on the social ideas of K. Marx and
psychological ideas of Z. Freud. Freudo-Marxist theory
sexual-economic was supposed to explain modern
sexual situation and create appropriate prerequisites
for a sexual revolution aimed at the comprehensive development of
liberation of people from economic, social and pseudo-moral
the shackles of bourgeois society.
THEORY OF SYSTEMFUNCTIONAL
519317489714 – concept of organizing processes in a holistic manner
organism interacting with the environment. It is based on the pre-
the concept of function as the achievement of adaptation by the organism
effective result in interactions with the environment.
COGNITIVE MATCHING THEORY
514817319516 – a class of theories developed within the framework of cognitive
the Vist direction of Western social psychology in the 50s
years of the 20th century. They aim to provide an explanation of the relationship between logical
and illogical in human behavior. The main idea of all theories
cognitive correspondence – that the cognitive structure
a person cannot be unbalanced or disharmonious;
if an imbalance does appear, then a tendency immediately arises
tion to restore the internal consistency of the cognitive system.
tive. This idea is presented differently in different theories.
THEORY OF LEVELS OF PROCESSING 518498719471 – conceptual
theory of cognitive psychology, in which the volume of memorization is associated
is called with a certain level of information processing: than
The deeper the level of processing, the longer and better the memorization.
At the superficial level, sensory and illegal activities occur.
stimulus analysis; at the next level, the stimulus is recognized and determined
its meaning is shared; at an even deeper level, the stimulus is linked with long-term associations.
THEORY OF LEVELS OF MOVEMENT CONSTRUCTION
514891319488 – its significance goes beyond the problem
organization of movements; there are numerous attempts to apply
application of its provisions to the processes of perception, attention, thinking
etc.
ATTITUDE THEORY 514892319514 – general psychological
sian system of representations, which distinguishes as a central
of the explanatory concept of the installation principle. Installation is
"holistic modification of the subject", its readiness to perceive
future events and their fulfillment in a certain direction
actions, which is the basis for its appropriate selection
activity. The installation occurs when two people “meet”
factors - needs and situations of satisfaction of needs
sties, determining the direction of any manifestations of the psyche and
behavior of the subject. When impulsive behavior is pushed
encounters some obstacles, it is interrupted and a mechanism of objectification specific to human consciousness begins to function, thanks to which a person distinguishes himself from reality and begins to relate to the world as objective and independent of him.
THEORY OF FORMATION OF PERCEPTIVE ACTIONS
NYH 518419488514 – a concept in which the perception of tra-
is considered as the mastery of increasingly complex types of perceptual actions based on the comparison of the properties of perceived objects with the sensory standard systems by which the child
mastered in childhood. Initially, mastery occurs
external motor forms of examination of objects based on
is given on material standards. Then, after interiorization,
Perceptual actions proper are formed, consisting of increasingly more condensed movements of the perceiving organs; in this case, material standards are replaced by standard representations.
THEORY OF FORMATION OF MENTAL ACTIONS
NYH 578491319572 (the theory of the stage-by-stage formation of mental
actions, - the theory of the systematic formation of mental
actions) concept, represents a general psychological
the basics of the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities with pre-
these properties on the basis of a specific plan and program
their step-by-step development – as an externally controlled process of formation
formation of ideas and concepts about objects based on action
external actions.
PERSONALITY TRAITS THEORY 549317318498 (trait theory
personality) - a theory of personality based on scientifically determined
concept of personality traits. Considers the structure, origin
the movement, formation and development of personality as a system of traits
personal.
THEORY OF THE ELEMENTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS 489317219482 – theo-
ria, created by W. Wundt, who considered the task of psychology
the study of the elements of consciousness (both sensations and “simple feelings”)
"situations" such as pleasure-displeasure, peace-
anxiety, etc.) and the identification of the laws by which connections between elements are formed.
JAMES-LANGE THEORY OF EMOTIONS 34818519891 –
According to her, the emergence of emotions is caused by
external influences changes both in an arbitrary sphere
motor, as well as in the sphere of involuntary acts of the heart,
vascular and secretory activity. The totality of sensations
the emotions associated with these changes are the emotional pe-
experience. According to the theory, a person is sad because he is crying.
even; he is afraid because he trembles; he is happy because he laughs.
Emotions are considered as a subjective reflection of organic
processes, their derivativeness from processes is asserted,
occurring in the body.
THEORY OF EMOTIONS INFORMATIONAL
519421899478 – the concept that emotions are determined by
are subject to some urgent need and the possibility of satisfying it.
satisfaction, characterized by the probability of achieving the goal.
The subject evaluates this probability on the basis of innate and previously
acquired individual experience, involuntarily comparing
information about funds, time, resources, presumably
necessary to meet the need, with current information-
tion. The probability of achieving the goal can be predicted and
on a conscious and unconscious level. An increase in probability when new information arrives generates positive emotions, a decrease in probability leads to negative emotions. The desire to maximize - strengthen, prolong, repeat positive emotions and minimize - weaken, interrupt, prevent negative ones determines the regulatory
functions of emotions, their role in organizing goal-directed behavior
flax.
CANNON-BARD'S THEORY OF EMOTIONS 548317481894 –
argues that emotions are the result of processing signals coming into the brain from the external and internal environment. Switch-
in the thalamus on the neural pathways that simultaneously go to the cortex
the brain and internal organs, these signals are generated
emotions and the organic changes that accompany them.
STANDARD THEORY 514814319498 – a concept developed
entrenched in cognitive psychology, where stimulus recognition is treated
is considered as a comparison of the neural pattern it evokes with the stored one.
internal standards stored in memory. When the patterns coincide,
the evoked and reference stimuli are recognized.
THERAPYANALYTICALGROUP
518471319488 – a set of psychoanalytically oriented
methods of analysis and group psychotherapy aimed at
to relieve the client from mental conflicts,
the emergence of diseases, and to achieve the corresponding
therapeutic effect.
INTERACTIONAL THERAPY GROUP
419 218419 – a type of group therapy. Analyzes the interaction
between clients with the aim of establishing the playing
psychological games and exerting appropriate influence on them
actions.
GAME THERAPY 489517 498 21 (game psychotherapy)
– a method of psychotherapy based on the use of role-playing games
howl as one of the most powerful forms of influence on development
personalities.
THERAPYPLAY/CHILDAUTIC
514813 498 714 (play therapy for autistic children) – a method of psi-
play-based therapy with autistic people
children, focused primarily on establishing relationships between
children and therapist of positive emotional contact.
Drawing and games with various toys are used in this process.
with pens, water, sand. During therapy, suppression is corrected.
negative emotions generated by the child (fears, lack of confidence in
to himself); he becomes more open to communication; his
The range of available actions with objects is expanded.
CAUSAL THERAPY 498 716 71849 – healing,
aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease, not its symptoms.
Womb cry therapy 498 717519 818 – form
psychotherapy. The goal is to rid the client of the "primary
pain”, which is evidenced by one or another physical
or psychological stress.
MUSIC THERAPY 598 481319 88 (music therapy-
piya) is a method of psychotherapy based on the healing effect
the effect of music on the psychological state of the subject. Application
is used to treat patients with neuropsychiatric disorders
mi.
PRIMARY THERAPY 491 81891789481 – The basis of the theory is
The underlying principle is that as a result of dissatisfaction
basic needs - biogenic and needs associated with
relationships - “primary pain” accumulates, embodied
, which is caused by physical and mental stress. To relieve
tension is necessary in the therapeutic process again
to relive the events of the distant past that marked the beginning of the
pain. It is in them that the cause of the main dis-
construction
BEHAVIORAL THERAPY 518 491319 88 (behavioral therapy)
(conduct) - At the same time, mental and emotional disorders
are considered as a violation of the individual's adaptation to the existing
existing conditions. The task of behavior therapy is seen in
the formation of habits that facilitate conformist adaptation
to reality. The difference between normal and "un-
“normal” behavior is determined only by the degree of adaptation
the individual's compatibility with the environment, therefore disagreement with social
my conditions and any actions of protest against them sometimes too
are interpreted as an “abnormality” requiring, like neuro-
deputy, "corrections" by methods of therapy.
THERAPY RATIONAL-EMOTIVE
519 317318498 – a form of cognitive psychotherapy. Based on
eliminating irrational judgments of a client suffering from
neurosis.
FIXED ROLE THERAPY 548 491319 819 –
a method of mental correction, during which the client is offered
etsya - on the basis of appropriate techniques - to look at the world with one's eyes-
other person and behave accordingly.
FAMILY THERAPY 548 491319 4781 (family psychotherapy)
main) - a complex of psychotherapeutic methods of various kinds,
aimed at harmonizing family relationships.
SYNTHETIC-HERMENEUTIC THERAPY
514 813318 489 – the method of psychotherapy is intended to promote
influence on the process of individualization of the client. Its characteristic feature is
that is, after discussing with the client his current pro-
The psychotherapist moves on to the problems of worldview
plan. At the same time, one of the central problems among such problems is
especially if the client has crossed the forty-year mark, it becomes
the problem of attitude towards religion arises.
THERAPY BODY-ORIENTED
548 49319498 – at the center of the concept is orgone, or orgone energy-
naya, requiring free expression in the individual.
FORMATION THERAPY 389 716819 49 – method
psychotherapy of creative self-expression. Designed for co-
actions of client individuation. During its implementation, the
all the client’s inadequate experiences are reflected, which then become
are updated with the content of the symbolic expression. For such
expressions are expressed using various pictorial means:
pantomime, dance, performance of musical excerpts, drama
ical forms, painting, etc.
HOLOTROPIC THERAPY 514 48549 719 – a method of psi-
chotherapy based on the results of psychedelic research
studies in which some levels of human-
psyche. These levels include: 1) sensory experience –
formed by strong experiences that have no personal
nostical significance; 2) psychodynamic experience, or biographical-
chesky - represented by personally significant events; 3)
perinatal experience, or prebiographical experience – the content of which
horn corresponds to the experiences of dying, death and re-
biological birth; 4) transpersonal experience, or
super-biographical – associated with the expansion of consciousness and per-
modifications of phylogenetic experience.
THERMORECEPTOR 518 491489 14 – receptors located
located on the skin surface and in internal organs, serve
required to control temperature changes. The most
densely distributed on the face, the least - on the soles of the feet. Of these, cold receptors stand out - with an optimum sensitivity of 28 - 38 degrees, and thermal receptors - with an optimum of 35 - 43 degrees.
In this case, cutaneous cold receptors are significantly represented
significantly larger in number than thermal ones, and are located
closer to the surface. There are special thermoreceptors, con-
trolling blood temperature; they are located in the hypothala-
mycological region of the brain.
TEST 918491 319 89 – a system of special tasks that allows
that measure the level of development or state of a certain
the psychological quality or property of an individual
- the object of observation.
TEST: CHARACTERISTIC 914 481 219 91 – to such
are worn: socio-cultural adaptability, validity, worthiness
fidelity, reliability, unambiguity, comparability, standard-
precision, accuracy.
ADDITIVE TEST 519 818319 49 – refers to tests
projective. Among this group of tests, popular methods are:
providing for the completion of a sentence and the end of a story.
There are numerous variations. Phrases are suggested by
depending on what personality traits are to be identified
according to the author of the test, and are intended to stimulate activity
the client's ability to respond in the right direction. Methods of type-
at the end of history presupposes the completion of unfinished business
stories or fairy tales, which often have psychotherapeutic effects
meaning, allowing to react to repressed experiences in
creativity. These tests are somewhat similar to the apperception test
thematic, and the results are often interpreted similarly,
although due to the lesser uncertainty of the initial situation it is possible
to more accurately predict the response area.
HARDWARE TEST 519 814219 817 – test intended to
requiring the use of special equipment – various technologies
devices for presenting test information or
processing of test results. The equipment can be
step audio equipment, video equipment, computers, etc.
CHILDREN'S APPERCEPTION TEST 548 714218 91 – relative
belongs to projective tests, to the group of interpretive tests.
In various versions, children act as characters.
or animals, and the situations simulate children's problems.
TESTAPPERCEPTIVE
THEMATIC
491 816218 917 (TAT) is one of the projective methods related to
belongs to the group of interpretation methods. It is a means of identifying
of dominant needs, conflicts and current
emotional states of a neurotic personality.
The TAT consists of a standard set of tables with images
enough uncertain situations. Each table, pre-
delays the actualization of experiences of a certain type or
attitudes towards certain situations and allows for ambiguity
interpretation; tables are specially highlighted, provoking-
suicide, aggression, sexual perversion, dominance-
subordination, sexual and family conflicts, etc. Part of the table
persons are presented only to men or only to women; there are
Tables for teenagers.
BINET-SIMON TEST 519 49871949 – means for dia-
gnostics of intelligence development. At first the test consisted of 30 ver-
ball, perceptual and manipulative tasks, grouped
according to the criterion of increasing difficulty in the corresponding
age cohorts: each task of a given age cohort
should have been solved by 75% of children of this age with normal
intellectual development. By the number of correctly solved
The child's mental age was determined by the tasks he performed.
TEST FORM 518 419719 89414871 – test, basis
which consists of various forms with texts, diagrams, drawings
sunkami, etc. This includes questionnaires, surveys, tables, etc.
ACHIEVEMENT TEST 498315 419714 – one of the methods
psychodiagnostics; unlike intelligence tests, they measure
predominantly the formation of certain properties –
abilities, skills, abilities and knowledge - in connection with specific
training programs. They reveal the level of proficiency of the examinee
with specific knowledge, skills, and abilities. They serve to
determining the level of academic or professional knowledge,
skills and abilities in specific disciplines, to assess achievements
in a certain type of activity, a certain sphere of knowledge.
IMPRESSIVE TEST 514 481419 818 – refer to those
become projective. They require choice, preference of some stimuli-
catch another.
INTELLIGENCE TEST 491 898319 491 (ability test
general) is one of the particularly popular and widespread
new tests. Method of psychodiagnostics, intended
designed to reveal the mental potential of an individual. They serve
to assess the level of development of thinking (intelligence) and its
individual cognitive processes: perception, attention, general
expression, memory, speech, etc., as well as to determine the features
development of intellectual abilities.
INTERPRETATIVE TEST 481 498219 821 – apply
to projective tests. They involve interpretation,
tion of events, proposed situations, images. Among them
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is especially popular,
considered one of the authoritative. On similar principles
a number of other tests are being constructed – the children’s apperception test, the Ru-
ki, etc.
CATHERTIC TEST 519 317814 914 – refer to those
become projective. They involve creative activity in
specially organized conditions. A striking example is psychodrama,
more often considered as a method of psychotherapy, but applied
and for psychodiagnostics.
KERN-YERASEK TEST 514 897381 498 – diagnostic
method for determining the level of psychological readiness
to school education. Contains three subtests:
1) a drawing of a person - indicating the level of general
development of mental;
2) copying the diagram of the location of the points - showing
the ability to act according to a formal rule;
3) copying a sentence – by which one can judge whether it was formed
Was the idea of dividing speech into words and separate parts accepted?
letters.
Based on the summed data of the three subtests, a judgment is issued.
about the level of readiness or unreadiness for school education
niyu.
CATTELL TEST 541 317218 88 – personality test based on
based on the concept of personality traits. Quantitatively evaluates 16
various basic, independent personality traits (factors) –
the degree of their development in the subject.
CONSTITUTIVE TEST 519 516719 89 – refer to
projective tests. The content of the subject's work is added
giving meaning to the material and structuring it.
TEST STRUCTURAL 519 818719 31 – refer to
projective tests. They involve the creation, construction
whole from separate parts. Among them, the peace test is known.
CREATIVITY TEST 514 814719 917 – a set of me-
methodology for studying and assessing the abilities of creative individuals
- creativity.
CRITERION-BASED TEST
519 481391 917 – psychodiagnostic methods that reveal,
to what extent the subject possesses knowledge, mental skills
actions necessary and sufficient to perform a certain
divided classes of educational or professional tasks. Cri-
The presence or absence of this knowledge is the ter-
criterion-oriented approach allows us to detect
analysis of the results of specific shortcomings in the development of mental
both individuals and entire groups, and to outline measures for their
elimination.
PERSONALITY TEST 598 317498514 (personality test) – me-
methods of psychodiagnostics by means of which differences are measured
personal aspects of personality: attitudes, values, relationships;
emotional, motivational and interpersonal properties; ty-
typical forms of behavior. Associated with the diagnosis of persistent
individual characteristics of the subject that determine his/her
mortars. They are used to determine the expression of motivation, interest,
resources, emotions and relationships of the individual, as well as the characteristics of his
behavior in certain situations.
LUSHER TEST 514 897219 317 (color preference test)
out) – refers to projective tests, to the group of tests of impressions-
sive. In the most common version, the material is presented
provides a set of color cards. The full set contains 73 cards.
ki 25 different colors, but more often an incomplete set of
eight multi-colored cards. All of them are presented simultaneously.
on a white background, and the client is asked to place them in
in order of preference.
When interpreting, we proceed from the fact that each color has
a certain symbolic meaning and that the positions of the colors in
a series have a certain functional significance, reflecting
goals of the individual, ways of achieving goals, suppressed needs
nost, etc.
INTERPERSONAL TEST 489 821481317 – tests that allow
that help evaluate relationships in different social groups
nal, - for example, a sociometric test, a social test
psychological self-assessment of the group as a collective.
TEST PEACE 518493514845 - uses one of the methods
projective, related to the group of construction methods.
Refers to projective tests, to the group of constructive tests
The subject is offered more than 200 models of various
objects - people, animals, cars, houses and so on, and he
creates a world from models at his own discretion, without obligation
using them all effectively. The analysis takes into account which pre-
the items are chosen first, what type of items are used,
the form of the world's structures, the developed space, etc. Defined
There are several types of approaches to constructing the world, with which
which the work of clients is related to.
PROJECTIVE TEST 51849131971 (projective test)
– a set of methods for the holistic study of personality, based on
based on the psychological interpretation of projection results;
tests used to determine personality traits
a means of recording reactions to uncertain and ambiguous
situations.
PROCEDURAL TEST 518414317489 – tests, main-
the main task of which is to study cognitive, behavioral and other psychological processes, which as a result are given a fairly accurate qualitative or quantitative characteristic. They are used when the researcher is interested in the characteristics of the course of mental and behavioral processes in subjects.
RORSCHACH STOT TEST 319471419894 (black spot test)
nilnyh) is one of the projective methods, belonging to the group
structuring techniques. The test diagnoses structural characteristics
personality characteristics: features of affective-need
spheres and activities of cognitive (cognitive style),
intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts and measures to combat them
with them (protective mechanisms), the general orientation of the personality
(type of experience), etc.
HUMAN DRAWING TEST 518498514714 (drawing test)
(figure of a person) is one of the projective techniques related to
I am joining the group of methods for studying creative products – to the group
expressive tests. In the main version of the test, the subject
It is suggested to draw a person on a piece of paper, and then -
of the opposite sex. Then follows a survey of the relative
precisely drawn - gender, age, habits, etc.
When interpreting, we proceed from the position that in the figure
where the client's personality traits are expressed and can be
to appear according to the proposed system of criteria. Great attention
is devoted to the depiction of the details of the figure, their proportions; they
are interpreted symbolically - as the embodiment of the attitude towards a certain
divided sides of life.
DRAWING TEST 54851431948 – refers to tests
projective, to the group of expressive tests. Distinctive
sign - a task for the client to perform a drawing on a given or
free topic. This includes a tree drawing test, a drawing test,
homework, human figure drawing test, etc.
HAND TEST 5984231941 – refers to projective tests,
to the group of interpretive tests. The client is offered to prescribe
give a specific meaning to different positions of the hand,
presented in the images.
SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST OF THE TEAM 51931731849
(test of social and psychological self-assessment of the group as
team, SPSK test) is a test designed to assess
level of socio-psychological development of a small group
collective. Represents the systems existing in the group.
of collectivist relations in the form of indices and diagrams.
TEST OF STATES 51931721918 (test of states and
properties) – tests designed to diagnose resistant
states and properties of the subject as a person: personality traits,
properties of temperament, abilities, etc.
SOCIOMETRIC TEST 564801598149 – system
special questions and criteria aimed at determining
the relationship between people within the group being studied and the behavior
the group itself.
ABILITY TEST 81421091429 – tests to determine
the level of development of general and special abilities,
determining the success of educational and professional activities
n. Intelligence tests, creativity tests, te-
skills of special (mathematical, artistic)
(musical, musical, sports).
SPECIAL ABILITY TEST 21931748951 –
Unlike intelligence tests, they relate to specific types of
activities and are aimed at diagnosing those characteristics
sticks that provide effectiveness in a specific
isolated area (musical, mathematical abilities)
(ski, motor, technical, etc.).
STANDARDIZED TEST 51971431959 – available in
in the form of all kinds of tests aimed at some kind of assessment
of the obtained indicators, although they are obviously standardized.
bathrooms. They are called so in contrast to the tests of the project-
and similar ones, which do not provide for an assessment of the
indicators.
EXPRESSIVE TEST 51861731918 – refers to those
become projective. They involve drawing or similar activities.
activity on a free or given topic. Among these, the most widely
so-called drawing tests are widespread.
TESTING 59842189848 – a method of psychodiagnostics,
using standardized questions and tasks - tests,
having a certain scale of values. It is used for standard-
darticized measurement of individual differences. Allows
determine the current level of development with a known probability
the development of the necessary skills, knowledge, and personal characteristics in an individual
stick, etc.
TESTING: RULE 53189851964 – rules,
strictly defining procedures for testing, processing and in-
interpretation of results.
THETA RHYTHM 59871461481 – biorhythms of the brain with frequency
frequency of 4–8 Hz and amplitude of 10–200 μV. Low-frequency theta rhythm
amplitude (25 – 35 μV) is included as a component in the normal
encephalogram. Cognitive activity leads to an increase
to the increase in power and spatial synchronization of theta waves.
TECHNIQUE 51481731949 – a set of procedures, techniques and
skills in a certain type of activity.
TECHNIQUEPSYCHOANALYTIC:PURPOSE
51831431948 – it is twofold:
1) give the client unlimited access to his unconscious
2) to save the doctor's labor.
TYPE 31951631948 – 1. A type, form of something that has
certain characteristics; a model, a sample to which corresponds
there is a certain group of objects, phenomena or processes.
2. A category of people united by some external
or internal features, characteristics.
3. An image containing characteristic, generalized features of some
her group of subjects.
4. An individual who has certain characteristic properties.
properties, signs.
TYPE OF MODERN HUMAN 51831751451 – special
a type of man created by the bureaucratic-industrial
civilization of modern Europe and North America. Characteristics
The main features of this type are: a man of organization, a man-machine,
a mechanical person who turns away from life.
TYPING 51481831731 is one of the ways to create an ob-
times of imagination, especially complex, bordering on creativity-
process. For example, an artist, when depicting a specific
of a particular episode contains a lot of similar ones, making it like
would be their representative.
GENDER ROLE TYPING 51481431948 – learning and
the acquisition by an individual of psychological traits and forms of behavior
social development typical for a representative of a given sex.
TYPOLOGY 31941731948 – classification, division
into types of objects, phenomena or processes based on the commonality of some
other signs.
TYPHLOPSYCHOLOGY 51485141859 (psychology of the blind)
- a section of special psychology that studies patterns
development of the individual's mental activity with full or
partially impaired vision:
1) mental development of the blind and
visually impaired people;
2) ways and means of its correction in training and education;
3) the possibility of compensating for visual perception disorders
with the help of other analyzers - hearing and touch. Also
the mental characteristics of perception, memory and
thinking in conditions of information deficit associated with the absence of
vision impairment or weakness. Using the results
typhlopsychology allows us to build a process on a scientific basis
training, education and work activities of the blind and visually impaired
seeing.
TOLERANCE 59917518514 – absence or weakening
reaction to some unfavorable factor as a result
reducing sensitivity to its effects.
INTERPRETATION 54889814717517489 – Disclosure Procedure
and explanations of the hidden meaning of various symptoms and symbols
catch.
CROWD 489418519517 – a disorderly gathering of people,
devoid of a clearly recognized commonality of goals, but mutually connected
determined by the similarity of the emotional state and the common object
attention.
TOPIC OF MENTAL 51848931749 (topic of psyche)
- a schematized "spatial" representation of the basic
systems of the psyche in the form of various instances.
BRAKING 317489517421 is a nervous process, directed
aimed at weakening or completely stopping a certain type of de-
activity of the organism.
BRAKING UNCONDITIONAL 51841751948 (braking-
(transcendental inhibition) is a type of cortical inhibition; in
The difference from conditioned inhibition occurs without prior
production. Includes: 1) induction braking
(external) - emergency termination of conditioned reflex activity
activity when exposed to external stimuli; its biological
ical significance is the preferential provision of the reaction of the origi-
focused on an unexpectedly arising stimulus;
2) extreme (protective) inhibition – occurs when
the action of stimuli that excite the corresponding cortical
structures above their inherent limit of performance, and thus
provides the ability to save or restore it.
PROACTIVE BRAKING 548481957 (braking
progressive) - inhibition of memorization under the influence
previous activity - the more, the more similar-
new material with what was already learned; integral process
nervous, slowing down learning due to the fact that the answers,
related to the previous elements of the material, inhibit the
colors related to its subsequent elements. The influence of tor-
the greater the volume, the stronger the projective response
material memorized up to the current element and the more complex and
The previous activity was similar to the current one.
RETROACTIVE BRAKING 54931721814 (brake-
(regressive) - a negative influence of the activity that followed memorization on the subsequent reproduction of memorized information. It is caused by an integral neural process that slows down learning as a result of the fact that the answers to subsequent elements of the memorized material have an inhibitory effect on the answers related to its preceding elements - the previously obtained material is forgotten under the influence of subsequent memorization.
CONDITIONAL BRAKING 58131721914 – observed
with the extinction of conditioned reflexes, as well as their differentiation
in the formation of delayed and trace reflexes
conditional.
TOTEM 51485419517 – a creature, object or phenomenon – often
most often animals or plants are “related” to
a specific group of people. The object of veneration or cult of the group-
people who consider him their patron and believe in the
common origin and blood relationship with him.
The presence of a totem serves as the basis for the emergence and development
classification function, essential for thinking and
cognitive processes in general. Besides the fact that the totem serves
the object of veneration of the community that bears his name, psi- totemism
chologically broader than a religious cult, because it includes
elements of ecological consciousness and phylogenetically acts
as a form and stage of formation of public consciousness.
TOTEMISM 51482153148 19 – from the standpoint of materialism, is
is a projection onto the nature of consanguineous relationships,
characteristic of tribal social structures.
ACCURACY 594 819 194857 – in relation to psi- techniques
chodiagnostic means their quality, reflecting the ability-
the ability to react subtly to small changes in the assessed property
the effects that occur during the examination; its ability to provide
accurately assess the degree of development of those psi-
chological qualities, the diagnosis of which it is aimed at. Than
the more precise the methodology, the more subtly one can evaluate gradations and shades
ki of measurable quality.
TRAUMA: FIXATION 51931741948 (fixation on injury) –
fixing a life attitude on a certain point
a cut or event of one's own past, due to which the present
the present and the future remain to some extent alien to man.
mi. A common and practically very significant feature of any neurosis.
SEXUAL TRAUMA 51481331849 – peculiar mental
sk damage, affective experiences arising in
connection with the suppression of sexual desire.
MENTAL TRAUMA 49851431918 – various
damage to the psyche that disrupts its normal state,
generating mental discomfort and acting as
causes of neuroses and other diseases. Causes
and symptoms of psychoneural diseases, which are formed as
residues, sediments and traces of affective experiences, powerfully
acting on the psyche on the activity of the psyche and behavior
personalities.
TRADITION 418519317218 – historically established, per-
forms of activity and behavior passed down through generations, as well as the customs, rules, values, and representations that accompany them
laziness.
Tradition is formed on the basis of those forms of activity that
have repeatedly confirmed their social significance and
personal benefit. With the change in the situation of social development,
the formation of a certain community, tradition can be destroyed, transformed
be replaced by a new one. Traditions are an important factor in regulating
ation of life activity, form the basis of education. In this
in psychology, the concept of a bundle or a cluster of traditions is one of the cha-
characteristics of a national community.
BEHAVIORAL TRADITION 519516317489 – phenomenon
transmission of something new, “invented” by some animal
behavior of other individuals in the population, and then the subsequent
generations. It differs from species-typical behavior in that
that such actions are not inherent in all individuals of a species, but only in those
that live in a common limited area.
TRANS 58947141849 –
1. The state of the subject during hypnosis
a disorder characterized by the automatic execution of complex acts
behavioral without awareness of the purpose of actions and the external situation
tions.
2. Disorder of consciousness, manifested in automatic
the execution of complex behavioral acts over several
minutes or longer periods of time, without awareness of external
her situation and the goals of her actions.
TRANSVESTISM 5197175194 – a form of sexual perversion,
characterized by the fact that the subject experiences sexual satisfaction
when wearing clothes of the opposite sex.
TRANSSEXUALISM 94851721914 – a persistent trace
the individual's conformity to gender-role stereotypes of behavior, contrary to
false to his biological sex. Associated with the belief that he is not
adequacy of one's gender and the desire to belong to the opposite
positive gender.
TRANSFER 4895148194 – a ter- used in psychoanalysis
min, meaning the transfer of emotional to the psychotherapist
the client's relationship with people who are important to him - father, mother and
etc.
ANXIETY 54857141918 – negative emotional pe-
reactions caused by the expectation of something dangerous,
"diffuse in nature" not associated with specific events
yami. An emotional state that occurs in situations of non-
a certain danger and manifested in anticipation of unfavorable
the best possible development of events. In contrast to fear as a reaction to
a specific threat, is a generalized, differential-
fuzzy or objectless fear. Usually associated with expectation
failures in social interaction and is often caused by un-
awareness of the source of danger.
FALSE ALARM 54931731981 is a concept used
in psychophysiology to name a situation when a subject
reports the perception of a signal in the absence of the latter.
ANXIETY OF EXPECTATION 548493319317 - expectation of trouble,
associated, through the idea of retribution, with an inner feeling
temptations.
ANXIETY 51949131948 (readiness for fear) – state
the development of appropriate preparatory sensory enhancement
attention and motor tension in a situation of possible danger
ness, providing an appropriate response to fear. Black-
that personal one, manifested in the easy and frequent appearance of the state-
anxiety. The tendency of an individual to experience anxiety, which is
characterized by a low threshold for the occurrence of anxiety; one of the main
parameters of individual differences.
TREMOR 59854131748 – involuntary rapid (with frequency-
that about 10 Hz.) rhythmic oscillatory movements of the end-
of the body or trunk caused by muscle contractions and
associated with a temporary delay in corrective afferent impulses, due to which the implementation of movement and maintenance of posture occurs due to the constant adjustment of movements to some average value.
TRAINER 54831721888 – technical training aids,
implementing the model of the erratic system and providing
control over the quality of the student's activities.
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION TRAINING 548 2172184951 489 –
a type of social and psychological training aimed at
acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities, for correction and formation
development of the attitudes necessary for successful communication when acting
professional activity.
PERCEPTIVE TRAINING 541314 814 49 – type of training
social and psychological, aimed at developing the ability
the ability to adequately and fully know oneself, other people and
relationships that develop in the course of communication. The results obtained in it
new information encourages a person to rethink the word
lived ideas about oneself and other people, ultimately
ultimately encourage self-improvement.
STRESS VACCINATION TRAINING 189 317 21948 –
psychotherapeutic technique within the framework of cognitive psychotherapy
noy. The procedure consists of the client – after
mastering new ways of understanding and evaluating the events that occur
events - placed in typical stressful situations
tions modeled by a psychotherapist under controlled conditions.
yah. This technique is used primarily in the treatment of fears.
and to eliminate reactions of anger or aggression.
TRAINING SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL
491 481419679 – the field of practical psychology, oriented
bathroom on the use of active methods of group psychol-
logical work with the aim of developing communication competence.
AUTOGENOUS TRAINING 519 917914898 (training
autogenic) - a method of self-hypnosis. It is used for psycho-
logical self-regulation, is also used as a psychotherapeutic
sky method - primarily for the treatment of neuroses, depressive
conditions, psychosomatic diseases.
Its core consists of techniques for immersion in a relaxing state.
state and self-hypnosis, due to which mastery occurs
skills of voluntary invocation of sensations of warmth, heaviness,
peace, relaxation. Mastering conscious control over
such functions lead to normalization and activation
basic psychophysiological processes.
THE THIRD SUFFERER 594518 498517 – designation
one of the types of love choice in men, the essence of which is in
that the subject of the specified type never chooses as an object
love a free woman, but only one that can
prove the other man's rights.
TRITANOPIA 548 217364 271 – a form of partial blindness
color, characterized by the absence of color sensations in blue-
violet region of the spectrum.
TROPISM 598 841319 82 – changes in direction in motion
of plant parts under the influence of biologically significant
irritants; plant growth in certain directions caused by one-sided, favorable or unfavorable influence of environmental factors - light, gravity, chemicals.
TROPISM: SYSTEM 598 49131748 (tropism system) –
psychoanalytic classification of primary human motives
behavior. The following types of tropisms exist:
1) genotropism – basic tropism – is a certain energy
gy, caused primarily by genetic factors, which
which serves as the basis for attracting people to each other and
acts as a selectivity factor in contacts.
2) libidotropism – acts as an incentive to choose sex
spouse partner;
3) idealotropism – leads to the search and choice of a friend who is similar
psychologically;
4) operatropism – encourages the choice of a certain pro-
professional occupation;
5) morbo-tropism – determines the “solution” to life’s problems
problems by escaping into some kind of illness;
6) thanatotropism – the desire for death.
LABOR: SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATION 549 831719 88 (scientific
labor organization (LO) is a discipline of production management.
process based on system analysis. To the tasks, re-
considered within its framework include;
1) improvement of forms of division of labor;
2) improving the organization of workplaces;
3) rationalization of work methods;
4) optimization of labor standards;
5) training of workers.
LABOR INVESTED 598 497488 89 – psychological phenomenon
a nomen consisting in the fact that the subject, to a greater extent than others,
components (time spent, etc.), values the contribution
a personally significant attitude towards the activity
her, realizing his potential, especially creative ones.
Due to his social nature, he experiences the need
the essence is that what is valued and experienced by him as labor is invested
has become the subject of recognition and positive assessment from the
rons of others. When society ignores the labor invested in
the personality's motivation drops, indifference and apathy appear
subsequent activities are carried out formally, without the power
the level of developmental tension required for a high level of achievement
grooms.
COLLECTIVE LABOR 561 718918 917 – in its conditions
for the first time, such operations appear that are not aimed
directly to the subject of need - a biological motive, but not on
what is the intermediate result.
HARD WORK 489 713894 814 – a character trait that consists of
having a positive attitude towards the process of work activity
dovoy. It manifests itself in activity, initiative, conscientiousness-
passion, enthusiasm and satisfaction with the work process itself.
Yes.
STUPIDITY 516 714319 818 – 1. Figuratively – slow-witted-
mental limitation; lack of sharp mind,
acceptance. 2. Figuratively - resignation, unresponsiveness, state
tolerance for something unpleasant.
EMOTIONAL STUPIDITY 215 495 81 – absence
emotional memory.
_U_
CONVICTION 497 317 894514 – 1. Conscious need
personality, prompting it to act in accordance with its guidelines.
values. Ideas about normative behavior,
which have become internal motivation. The content of needs,
acting in the form of beliefs, reflects a certain understanding
nature and society. Forming an ordered system of views
dov-political, philosophical, aesthetic, natural science
and others, the set of beliefs acts as a worldview
vision. 2. The method of influencing used in communication
consciousness of the individual through an appeal to his own critical
judgment. The basis of the method of persuasion is selection,
logical ordering of facts and conclusions according to a single
functional task. The method of persuasion is the main one in the polemics.
in scientific and pedagogical fields.
CONVICTION 517318319 917 – a special quality of personal-
sti, which determines the general direction of all its activities
and the orientation of values and acting as a regulator of its consciousness
and behavior. It is expressed in the subjective attitude of the individual.
to their actions and beliefs, associated with deep and
justified confidence in the truth of knowledge, principles and
ideals that she is guided by. Consciously based on
convictions, personal needs, value orientations and
social norms are organically included in the content of forms
life activities and determine the behavior of the individual.
SELF-CONFIDENCE 517 489719 841 – readiness of the subject-
ect to solve quite complex problems, and the level of attraction
knowledge is not reduced by fears of failure alone. If the level
abilities significantly below those required for the intended purpose
actions, then self-confidence takes place.
SATISFACTION 548 714317514 – that which satisfies
irritation of attraction.
SATISFACTION 517 491319618 – state of satisfaction
satisfaction - a feeling of pleasure experienced by the subject,
whose needs and desires are satisfied and fulfilled.
JOB SATISFACTION 571 89 91498 – emotional
the on-evaluative attitude of an individual or group to the performance
the work at hand and the conditions under which it is carried out. From satisfaction
labor, improving the forms of its organization, humanization
The economic efficiency of labor depends on the content.
RECOGNITION 584 31 21472 – recognition of the perceived
object as already known from past experience. Its basis
comparison of present perception with corresponding traces of the past
mementos, acting as standards of identification marks
signs of the perceived object.
ENLARGEMENT 594817 985 97 – mnemonic strategy
when memorizing. Consists of translation according to certain rules.
lam - the original information to a form with a smaller number of so-
constituent elements.
UM 58961431798 – generalized characteristics of cognitive
human capabilities (as opposed to feelings and will). In a narrower sense – an individual psychological characteristic of thinking abilities.
SKILL 598713314271 – a method mastered by the subject
performance of the action, provided by the totality of the acquired
knowledge and skills; the ability to perform a certain action
certain rules, and the action has not yet reached auto-
matization. It is formed through exercises and creates
the ability to perform an action not only in the usual, but also
in changed conditions.
CONCLUSION 5148216797851494854 is one of the logical
logical forms of thinking, characterized by inference based on the rules of logic.
logical conclusions or consequences from several judgments (
link).
It is implemented in verbal form, due to which it becomes possible
it is possible to escape from the influence of the perceptual field.
CONCLUSIONUNCONSCIOUS
794175319618 – Here the word inference is used meta-
phorically, because the process is similar to inference only by re-
result, but differs in nature from inference and passage
dits unconsciously. The subject seems to reason – in fact
This type of work is performed by the unconscious perceptual process
process. Unconscious inferences occur during illusions
perceptions, when by means of their “use” perception is as if
convinces itself that it is precisely this that perceives, although these
"reasoning" leads him to wrong conclusions. However, due to
unconsciousness of this process conscious efforts cannot
influence it: the subject may understand that his perception
wrong, but cannot perceive it any other way.
DESTRUCTION 548 483314895 – protective mechanism, liquid-
making the preceding act a subsequent act.
EXERCISE 419471918517 – repeat the action
action with the purpose of its assimilation. In various learning conditions
exercise is: 1) either a single procedure within which
in which all components of the learning process are carried out
– clarification of the content of the action, its consolidation, generalization and
automation; 2) either one of the procedures – along with an explanation
and memorization, preceding the exercise and providing
initial clarification of the content of the action and its pre-
Variational consolidation; here the exercise ensures the completion of clarification and consolidation, as well as generalization and automation; ultimately, this leads to complete mastery of the action and its transformation (depending on the degree of automation achieved) into a skill or ability.
STUBBORNITY 548319316891 – a behavioral feature, in
stable forms - a character trait; appears as a defect
spheres of the individual's volition, expressed in the desire to certainly
to act in one's own way, contrary to reasonable arguments, requests,
advice or instructions from other people. Behavior characteristic of ac-
an individual's positive rejection of the demands of other people,
grown to it. In this case, the behavior goes from the subject
plan in the interpersonal and receives support from the motives of the self-
statements.
BALANCE 514319893714 – Calmness,
evenness of character and behavior.
LEVEL OF CONTROLSUBJECTIVE
54931721948 (subjective control level – SCL) – method-
the ability of the subject to control himself and his behavior, to manage
them, to take responsibility for what happens to him and in-
circle.
LEVEL OF APPLICATION 31631859847 – a concept for the
the meaning of an individual's striving for a goal of such complexity that,
in his opinion, corresponds to his abilities. Corresponds
achievements in a certain type of activity and in a certain area
communication that a person relies on when evaluating his
abilities and opportunities.
ASSISTION 549314836489 is the main way of gaining indi-
type of socio-historical experience. In the process of assimilation
he masters the social meanings of objects and ways
actions with them, moral foundations of behavior and for-
communication. All substantive components are subject to assimilation.
behavioral factors, both incentive-motivational and operational
n.
Assimilation of the meanings of objects of material and spiritual culture
tours and methods of action with them constitute the main internal
its content of the learning process. The core of education is the assimilation
the development of moral standards of behavior.
THE "VICTIM-THIRD" CONDITION
48131798949 – a component of one of the male types of choice
sexual object of love life, the essence of which is that,
that the subject never chooses a free woman as the object of love
a woman, but only one to whom a friend can prove his rights.
goy man.
DEVELOPMENT CONDITION 89431731849 – factors from which
depends on the development of a person. This includes the people surrounding him from childhood, their relationships, objects of material and spiritual
culture, and much more.
FATIGUE 5196173194891 – a complex of subjective pe-
experiences that accompany the development of a state of fatigue.
characterized by feelings of weakness, lethargy, impotence, sensations
physiological discomfort, awareness of disturbances in the pro-
disturbances of mental processes, loss of interest in work, transformation
possession of motivation to stop the activity, negative
emotional reactions.
INSTALLATION 854 219 488 19 (attitude) – readiness, pre-
the subject's disposition to perceive future events and
actions in a certain direction; ensures stability
the purposeful nature of the course of the corresponding de-
activity, serves as the basis for appropriate electoral activity
human activity. We are talking specifically about readiness for the upcoming
to the next action.
UNCONSCIOUS INSTALLATION 514 831 31894 (illustration
installation) - they are characterized by manifestations of two illusions
zii: 1) contrast illusion; 2) assimilative illusion.
MENTAL SETTING 548 717319 894 – example –
when a mathematical example is given using trigonometry
ric symbols, an installation is created to solve it with the help of
trigonometry formulas, although the solution can be reduced to simple
algebraic transformations.
ETHNIC INSTALLATION 601 264519 089 – ready
individuals to perceive the phenomena of national life and attitudes
interethnic relations and, accordingly, the actions
in a specific situation. They focus their beliefs in themselves,
views, opinions of people about history and their modern life
ethnic community and relationships with other peoples, with
people of other nationalities.
FATIGUE 518491498 – temporary decrease in work capacity
abilities under the influence of prolonged exposure to load.
is exhausted from the depletion of internal resources and a lack of coordination in
operation of systems that support activities.
_F_
FAVORITISM 51984951951 – 1. The order in which the
actions of a leader, high-ranking official or ruler
are determined by the influence of their favorites. 2. Nominated
encouragement, encouragement of favorites.
INTRA-GROUP FAVORITISM 514918319714 –
the desire to favor members of one's own in some way
group as opposed to members of another group. It can
manifest itself both in externally observable behavior in various
situations of social interaction, as well as in the processes of social
of personal perception, for example, when forming assessments,
and other things related to members of one's own and other
groups.
PHAGOPHOBIA 5493172184989148 – a type of neurosis, characterized by
suffering from a pathological fear of food – for fear of suppressing
sya.
PHASE 58931721849 – a moment, a separate stage in development
some natural or social phenomenon or process.
FACT 49851421947 – 1. A real, non-fictional phenomenon
occurrence, incident, event. 2. Firmly established knowledge,
given in experience, serving for some conclusion, deduction, for
testing a certain assumption, hypothesis. 3. Valid-
reality; something that actually exists.
ASSOCIATION FACT 514218598318 – the relationship between perception
events in memory, the connecting link of which is predominantly
there is a coincidence of perceptions in time.
THE FACT OF THE BEGINNING OF DOUBLE 54821939481 is one of
phenomena of psychosexual development - a break in this development due to the latent period. It apparently contains the condition of a person's ability to develop a higher culture, but also his tendency to neurosis.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACT 314897519317 – under them
it implies a much broader concept – compared to the phenomenon
psychological disorders – a range of manifestations of the psyche, including
le their objective forms, such as acts of behavior, bodily processes, etc., which are also used to study the psyche.
FACTOR 319489488516 – a concept of mathematical statistics
skoy, meaning the common cause of many random changes
sets of values of variables, events, etc. Factors of ex-
are obtained by applying a special mathematical procedure.
fools - factor analysis.
GOOD CONTINUATION FACTOR 54821758947 –
the unification in gestalt of those elements that, taken together,
They create particularly simple, self-evident configurations.
DEVELOPMENT FACTOR 49131951961 – a system of factors,
determining the mental and behavioral development of the child.
Includes the content of training and education, pedagogical
preparedness of the people educating and teaching, methods
and means of teaching and education, and much more.
RISK FACTOR 48543154821 – psychogenic factor of change
unusual, unfamiliar conditions of existence, characteristic
presence of a threat to life. Has a significant impact on
experiencing an extreme situation.
FACTOR OF GENERAL DESTINY 54131971961 – unification in
gestalt elements that have a common dynamic of functioning
development, etc. An example could be the allocation of three to-
check moving in one direction, among many others,
moving in different directions.
TRAUMATIC FACTOR 51961731948 – in psychoanalysis
liza - a state in which the efforts of the pleasure principle
fail.
HUMAN FACTOR 5196173194 –
1. In a broad sense – a concept used in socio-economic disciplines to characterize a complex of factors that have a decisive influence on the efficiency of social production, associated with motivation, the value system, and the material and spiritual conditions of human existence.
2. In a narrow sense – a concept meaning integral characteristics
characteristics of the connection between a person and a technical device, manifested
in specific conditions of their interaction during functioning
Nation of the ergatic system.
FANATICISM 589314318 42 - unwavering and rejecting
alternatives commitment to certain beliefs, you-
expressed in activity and communication. Associated with readiness for
victims. Devotion to the idea is combined with intolerance of dissent.
thinking, disregard for ethical standards, hindering
to achieve a common goal. Fanaticism is a phenomenon of psycho-
group logic.
FANTASY 581319461578 – dreaming, inventing
ation, “composition” of fantasies – something impossible, implausible
similar, incredible.
FANTASY BACK 51431848516 – retro type
prospective dreams and fantasies turned to the past, especially
especially characteristic of neurotics.
FANTASY 561319314817 –
1. Synonym for imagination.
2. Product of imagination.
Fantasy changes the appearance of reality reflected in the
knowledge; it is characterized by transposition (rearrangement) of elements
reality. Fantasy allows one to find a new point of view on already known facts and therefore has enormous artistic and scientific-cognitive value. Creative activity generated by fantasy is largely spontaneous, connected with personal talent and individual experience of a person, which develops in the process of activity.
PHANTASM 31754829471 – a product of the imagination, leading to
non-symbolic, aimed at the implementation of unconscious impulses
ical or symbolic way.
PHANTOM OF LIMB 441851 489 – illusory sense
the presence of a lost limb, preserved for a long time
after amputation.
FASCINATION 58961331948 – specially organized
verbal influence intended to reduce
loss of semantically significant information when perceiving a message
by recipients, due to which the possibility of its
influence on their behavior.
SOCIAL FACILITATION 37149858461 (facilitation-
tion) – increasing the speed or productivity of an activity
individual due to the imaginary or real presence
another person or group of people (without interfering with his
actions) acting as an opponent or observer
for his actions.
FEMININITY 48931481961 (femininity) – complex
psychological and characterological features, traditions
commonly attributed to women. These include softness, go-
willingness to help, compliance, etc.
PHENOMENON 514218 21948 –
1. A phenomenon perceived through sensory experience.
2. The object of sensory contemplation – in contrast to its essence –
the basis of the noumenon (as a subject of intellectual so-
(mirrors).
3. A rare, unusual phenomenon; outstanding in some respect.
individual research.
AUBERT PHENOMENON 51451631854 – the effect of a lighter
detecting light objects on a dark background rather than dark ones
on a light background – with the same values of brightness contrast.
AUBERT–FÖRSTER PHENOMENON 54851319498 – dependent
the dependence of peripheral visual acuity on absolute distance
of the objects of observation. With the same angular dimensions
small and close objects are recognized better than large ones
and remote. But when recognizing the form, this effect is replaced
reverse.
AUBERT-FLEISCHL PHENOMENON 514813319388 – ef-
effect of overestimating the speed of a moving object by 1.5 – 2 times
with a fixed gaze, deprived of the ability to perform
tracking movements oriented to speed and trajectory
moving object.
BEZOLD-BRÜCKE PHENOMENON 51849219471 – effect
changes in perceived color tone with increasing in-
intensity, characteristic of all color tones, with the exception of
by measuring three spectral (476 nm, 507 nm, 575 nm) and one
mixed - purple-crimson.
BROCK-SULZER PHENOMENON 51482131979 – effect
violation of Bloch's law, characterized by the fact that when the pro-
duration of the light stimulus beyond a certain critical value.
the feeling of brightness, having passed the maximum, begins
fall: several short flashes of light are more noticeable in comparison
with equal intensity and total time, but
longer lasting flashes. The duration of the action
the action of a light stimulus at which the visible brightness is maximal.
small, depends on the intensity of the stimulus and its color:
the critical point is reached more slowly with blue color, faster
rey - when red.
THE PHENOMENON OF NON-CONSERVATION 561488599714 – facts, go-
saying that if a child does not master the principle of preserving
In his decisions he is guided primarily by perceptual principles.
signs of the situation. This is manifested, for example, in the fact that two equal-
plasticine balls of heavy weight cease to be perceived
equal as soon as one of them changes its shape significantly.
Ma.
PANUM PHENOMENON 54821413499 – stereoscopic
phenomenon. It consists in the fact that during stereoscopic presentation
two images, the first of which shows one
vertical line, and on the second – two, subjectively perceived
There are two vertical lines, spaced apart in depth.
PIAGET'S PHENOMENON 548213548314 – psychological phenomena
changes associated with the development of children's intelligence were first discovered
born by J. Piaget in children of middle preschool age. Pro-
are found in children's erroneous judgments about abstract characteristics.
the theoretic properties of objects related to their measurable qualities
(quantity, size, volume, etc.) Explained by the inability
children of this age to master the reversibility of operations, not understanding
by the laws of conservation of matter and quantity of objects
when their shape or relative position changes.
PHENOMENON OF WORLD STABILITY 451489319714 (phe-
nomen of stability of the visible world) is a property of perception of the visual
, thanks to which even when the observer moves
the position of objects is perceived as fairly constant.
It is ensured by the fact that the totality of the subject environment
some object plays the role of a fixed frame of reference.
PHENOTYPE 51842831947 – any observable
characteristic of an organism – morphological, physical, behavioral
sky. The phenotype is a product of the interaction of the genotype and the environment, but
different levels of organization - cellular, organ, organ-
mennom – the ratio of phenotype and genotype is different.
FETISH 54831448951 – 1. A certain object, endowed, according to
according to the beliefs of believers, magical power and serving the pre-
a kind of worship. The attitude towards the fetish of double-
tentially: they indulge him and “feed” him when they want to get something out of him
desired, and punished when he “does not fulfill” the request.
2. The object of blind worship.
FETISHISM 51942859878714 – 1. Religious worship
fetishes are a common and constant element of many religions. 2.
worship of something. 3. One of the types of sexual perversions,
characterized by the fact that sexual desire is associated with various
objects that do not have any biological status
erotic meaning. These objects (usually objects
toilet of the opposite sex, etc.) only symbolize sex-
sexual object - sexual partner, and sexual satisfaction
achieved through various manipulations and contacts with
these symbols, which in themselves are devoid of eroticism
meanings. The fetish replaces the object of love, and the relationship with
are violated by a real partner or completely stopped-
sya.
FIGURE 59835145857 – the external outline, shape of something.
Some image of an object.
FIGURE 5484131972 (figure and background) – distinction, emergence
neck in fine art and introduced into psychology in
early 20th century by the Danish psychologist E. Rubin. Here the figure
is called closed, protruding forward, attracting attention
the manie is a part of the phenomenal fire, which has a "material" character. And the background surrounds the figure and seems to continue continuously behind it.
PHYSIOGNOMY 5145648491 – the doctrine of unambiguity
the connection between a person's external appearance and his personality type, thanks to which one can determine the psychological characteristics of an individual based on external signs. It arose in ancient times based on the idea of the predetermination of the mental (moral) and physical in a person by what was originally prescribed to him by nature.
PHYSIOLOGY 58931759861 – the science that studies: life
activity of organisms; processes occurring in their systems,
organs, tissues, cells and their structural elements; regulation
functions. Reveals the laws of the functioning of the organism as
the whole in its unity and interaction with the environment, in its adaptation
adaptation to changing environmental conditions in its development.
PHYSIOLOGY OF ACTIVITY 547189648517 – conceptual
tion, interpreting the behavior of an organism as an active attitude towards
environment, determined by the model of the future required by the organism –
the desired result.
FIXATION 54831721849 - especially close attachment
attraction to an object.
PHYLOGENESIS 31949189851 – historical formation
groups of organisms. In psychology, phylogenesis is understood as: 1)
the process of emergence and historical development, evolution of the psyche
and animal behavior; 2) the process of emergence and evolution of forms
consciousness throughout human history.
FLAGELLATION 54647151892 – flagellation – a method of sexual
arousal and sexual pleasure with the help of
scourging. It is realized in active and passive forms.
FLAGELLATION PASSIVE 59831951642 – type of masochism
chism, in which the subject experiences sexual satisfaction
during his punishment with whips.
PHLEGMATIST 59867131942 – a subject possessing one
of the four main types of temperament (in the classification of Hyp-
(pokrata). A person with a phlegmatic temperament can be characterized as
characterize as slow, unperturbed, with a low
level of mental activity, with stable aspirations
and a more or less constant mood, with a weak external
expression of mental states (inexpressive facial expressions)
ki). He has difficulty switching from one activity to another.
different and adapts to the new environment. Prevails
calm, even mood. Feelings and moods are usually
are stationary. Under unfavorable conditions, a phlegmatic person may
lethargy, emotional pallor, and a tendency to perform
monotonous habitual actions.
PHOBIA 59873189849 – obsessive states in case of illness
mental disorders - painful obsessive inadequate thoughts
management of fears of specific content, covering
subject in a certain - phobic - environment and accompanied by
given by vegetative dysfunctions - heart palpitations,
profuse sweating, etc.
PHOBIA – RADIOPHOBIA 195987318984964 – complex
neurosomatic mental and physiological disorders
devices, expressed in fear of various radiation sources
radiation treatment.
PHOBIA – AGORAPHOBIA 1959873189849719 - fear of -
indoor space; fear of crowds of people who may
demand unexpected actions; unconscious fear, is-
tortured while passing through a large area without escorts
di or deserted street. It manifests itself in an unconscious form,
as a defense mechanism. This phobia can be acquired in re-
life because of the fear of something related to people and emotions.
ational trauma from people. Fear of places or events where
escape is impossible or when help is not available and it is fearful
leave a safe place.
PHOBIA – AQUAPHOBIA 8731898491714 – fear of water, which
which is characterized by the fact that a person is afraid to swim. This
fear can manifest itself in the form of increased heart rate,
hosts in the mouth and other symptoms. Aquaphobia usually arises
occurs in people who have experienced severe trauma associated with
doy. Fear of water, during floods, hurricanes or tsunamis.
PHOBIA – VERMINOPHOBIA 4199873189849 – fear of bacteria
terium, microbes, infection.
PHOBIA - PYROPHOBIA 9198731898498 - obsessive
fear, dread of fire, conflagration.
PHOBIA – CHEMOPHOBIA 5159873189849 – fear of poisoning
food pollution, air pollution, innovation
household items, building materials, fear
toxicity of chemicals.
PHOBIA - SEISMOPHOBIA 319914 81918 - 1. obsessive
fear of an earthquake; 2. any fear of an earthquake, such as
persons who witnessed or suffered from the destructive
earthquake; 3. fear during earthquakes.
FORMATION OF REACTION 48982131657 – mechanism
protective, providing an exaggeration of the opposite
trends.
FREUDISM 54842131947 – philosophical and psychological
the teachings of the Austrian psychologist Z. Freud and his followers,
explaining the development and structure of personality by irrational,
antagonistic to consciousness mental factors and is-
using a technique of psycho- based on these ideas
therapy. Based on a complex of psychoanalytic ideas and their
development. The procedure for curing the states of neurotic con-
It is aimed at bringing to the client's consciousness the true reasons for his
painful experiences and conditions.
FREUD-MARXISM 598491414918 (Freudo-Marxism) –
a general designation for various currents seeking to unite
Freudianism and Marxism, but guided by different
ideas, orientations and principles. Especially typical are the aspirations
desire to unite on the basis of commonality of individual provisions,
unification based on the principle of equilibrium complementarity,
the completion of Freudianism by Marxism or vice versa.
FRAME 541319365497 – 1. Minimal description of a certain
phenomenon, fact or object that has the property of integrity: removing any component from this description leads to the fact that this phenomenon ceases to be correctly identified (classified). 2. The standard with which images subject to classification are compared - frame classifier.
PHRENOLOGY 54854131948 – The study of the connection between mental
features of a person or animal with an external form of
pa. The main idea: the cerebral cortex consists of a number of centers, and in each of them a certain ability is localized. With a strong development of this ability, the corresponding center is also very developed, which is reflected in the configuration of the skull, allowing one to create a phrenological map using special measurements, reflecting: "bumps of ability" for music, poetry, painting; "mounds" of ambition, stinginess, courage, etc.
FRIGIDITY 5148222 – sexual coldness of a woman
symptoms, manifested in a decrease or absence of libido, sexual
excitability, specific sexual sensations and orgasm.
FROTTAZH 561 4981949 – sexual deviation – use
the crush in transport is caused by touching the face,
of the opposite sex for the purpose of obtaining sexual satisfaction
nia.
FRUSTRATION 598718 49871 – mental state of the per-
failure mode, caused by the impossibility of satisfying
the solution of certain needs that arises in the presence of a solution
nal or imaginary insurmountable obstacles on the way to some-
her goals. Can be considered as one of the forms of psychological
stress.
CHILD FRUSTRATION 598614219718 – negative con-
mental state of a child caused by the inability
solutions to specific problems of age-related development. The reason
it may be impossible to master the desired subject,
pressure from an adult to perform a certain action, etc.
The presence of frustration can lead to the formation of such
character traits such as aggressiveness, excitability, passivity.
FUNCTIONALISM 3195171448918491949 – direction in
psychology. From the position of supporters of functionalism, the problem
– not in finding out what consciousness is made of, but in
to understand its function and role in the survival of the individual. They
put forward the hypothesis that the role of consciousness is
to give the individual the opportunity to adapt to changes
personal situations that constantly arise before him, or
repeating already developed forms of behavior, or changing them
as circumstances require, or by mastering new actions.
FUNCTION 59414289931 – In physiology – specific
the activity of a living organism, its organs, etc.
FUNCTION VEGETATIVE 59861731947 – functions,
related to involuntary physiological activity of the organ-
Nism.
FUNCTIONMENTAL: COMPENSATION
598371988749 – compensation for underdeveloped or impaired
mental functions by using preserved or transferred
construction of partially impaired functions. In this case, it is possible
attraction to its implementation of new neural structures, not previously
involved in the implementation of these functions. These structures
The ry are functionally united on the basis of the implementation of a common
tasks.
FUNCTIONMENTAL:LOCALIZATION
517319817488 (localization of mental functions, properties and co-
positions) - representation in the brain structures of the head places
the location of the main functions, states and properties of the mental
; their connection with specific anatomical and physiological
departments and structures of the brain.
MENTAL FUNCTION HIGHER 31947551849 –
complex systemic processes that develop during life
mental, social in origin - a special kind
mental functions that are completely absent in animals.
This includes voluntary attention, voluntary memory,
logical thinking, etc.
HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTION: RECOVERY
LENIE 594861471418 (restoration of higher mental
functions) is a section of neuropsychology devoted to the study of me-
mechanisms and methods for restoring the functions of mental higher
shih, disrupted due to damage to local brain structures
leg.
HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTION: LOCALIZATION
CIYA 31971481949 – assignment of higher mental functions to
specific brain structures.
FUNCTIONMENTALNATURAL
51464831971 (lower mental function) – concept complements
the concept of higher mental function. For each process
There are two levels of mental health: “natural” and “high”
"The criteria for contrasting are different: not-
conscious - conscious; not mediated by signs - mediated
given by signs; involuntary - voluntary; considered
classified as “natural”, biological – or as “artificial”
nye”, cultural, etc.
The distinction between these functions has methodological significance –
shows the fundamental "ontological heterogeneity"
psyche. It allows us to meaningfully characterize the pro-
the process of mental development as a process of qualitative changes
ny.
The natural mental functions include non-productive
voluntary functions – sensory, motor, mnemonic, etc.
FUNCTIONPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL
319814499718 – in the theory of activity they are understood as fi-
physiological support of mental processes. This includes
there are a number of abilities of the organism, such as the ability to sense,
to the formation and fixation of traces of past influences, motor-
ability, etc. Accordingly, we talk about the functions of the senses.
weed, mnemonic and motor. This level also includes
innate mechanisms fixed in the morphology of the system
nervous, and those that mature in the first months of life.
SEMIOTIC FUNCTION 518314418714 – in psycho-
logy – the ability of a person to create and use systems
iconic – symbols that represent or replace real
objects, and operate with them as corresponding real-
with our objects.
_X_
CHARACTER 51486710964 849 – Character – is defined as
an individual, fairly stable system of habitual ways
ways of human behavior in certain conditions, - as a
a set of stable properties of an individual, in which they are expressed
ways of his behavior and emotional response. Traits
characters help - or hinder - the personality to establish
proper relationships with people, show restraint and
self-control in solving difficult life issues, answering
to be held accountable for one's actions and behavior in society. Understanding character allows one to foresee an individual's behavior with a significant degree of probability and thus correct expected actions and deeds.
CHARACTER: ACCENTUATION 518917319489 - excessive
strengthening and expressiveness of individual character traits or their combination
taniya, manifested in the selective attitude of the individual to the psy-
chological effects of a certain kind under good
or even increased resistance to others.
CHARACTER: ACCENTUATION: TYPE 518219319 489614 –
since character accentuations border on corresponding ones
types of psychopathic disorders, their typology is based on
a detailed classification of psychopathology developed in psychiatry
tiy, although it also reflects the character traits of a mentally healthy person
person. The types of accentuations basically coincide with the types
psychopathies, but their list is wider.
CHARACTER: STRUCTURE 589717319489 – character –
it is a complex mental formation consisting of numerous
stable personality traits that express the relative
a person's attitude towards the outside world, activities, and other people
and to himself. These relationships are consolidated in the usual
forms of behavior, communication and activity of a person, become typical for him and manifest themselves in various conditions of his life and activity. However, typicality does not exclude the individual-peculiar manifestation of these properties in accordance with the uniqueness of each individual. Character is not a simple aggregate, a random set of isolated features and traits. Its various properties are interconnected, interdependent and form a holistic structural formation. Lawful connections and interrelations between individual character traits express its structurality. The structurality of character is
it is possible, knowing one or another of his traits, to assume that this person has a number of other traits associated with it.
CHARACTER: TYPE 598481419497 (character: orientation: type)
(character types; character orientation types) – each type is charac-
ractera is not a random conglomerate of properties: in their combinations
a certain pattern, a certain logic emerges.
Following this logic is an important part of research into psycho-
logical. Almost all descriptions of character types can be
find combinations of very heterogeneous, or rather, heterogeneous
properties: they are not divided into parts - they contain both the properties of the kha-
character and personality traits.
CHARACTER: TYPOLOGY 51984219498 – almost all
The authors of typologies emphasized that character can be more
or less pronounced. If the intensity of the pro-
phenomena of character, the degree of its expression, then they are designated
three zones: 1) the zone of absolutely “normal” characters; 2) the zone
expressed characters; are divided into accentuations of hidden
ty and accentuations are obvious; 3) the zone of strong deviations of character, or psychopathy. The first two zones are related to the norm (in a broad sense), the third - to the pathology of character. Accentuations of character are extreme variants of the norm. The difference between pathological and normal characters, including accentuated ones, is very important.
AUTHORITARIAN CHARACTER 59847139861 – the term means
a typical sadomasochistic personality type for which
characterized by both admiration for power and a desire to
to submit to her - and the desire to become the power itself and subjugate
others. Also characteristic is a love for those who restrict freedom
conditions, willing submission to fate.
ASTHENO-NEUROTIC CHARACTER 518941319488 –
one of the types of character accentuation. Characterized by rapid
fatigue, irritability, tendency to depression and
hypochondria.
BIOPHILIC CHARACTER 548841419 814 – form of structure
character tours, appearing as a developed form of production
tive ("genital") character. It is characterized by: love for
life and living things; the desire to support growth, development and pro-
progress; constructiveness, productivity, creativity;
the desire to do good, etc.
HYPERTHYMOUS CHARACTER 548518519417 – one of the ty-
in accentuation of character. It is almost always distinguished by good,
even slightly elevated mood, bursting with energy,
uncontrollable activity. Constantly striving for leadership –
informal. A good sense of the new is combined with instability.
diversity of interests, great sociability - with indistinct
stu in dating. Hyperthymes easily adapt to unfamiliar
environment. They tend to overestimate their capabilities and build
overly optimistic plans for the future.
CHARACTER DISTINCTIVE 8184219194 – one of the types of act-
centuations of character. Characterized by the predominance of low
mood, tendency to depression, focus on gloomy
the bright and sad sides of life.
HYSTEROID CHARACTER 8485163194 (demonic character)
strative) is one of the types of character accentuation. For hysterical-
The hardest thing for a person with an accent to bear is the lack of attention to his/her
special. He strives for praise, glory, leadership, but because of the business-
the howl of immaturity soon loses ground and then suffers greatly.
To leave a hysteroid alone means to create a situation of psychological
discomfort or even stress. Its “weak link” is
blows to egocentrism, the inability to be in the center of attention,
to arouse general interest in oneself.
CHARACTER CONFORMAL 54814 48941 – one of the types
accentuation of character. Characterized by excessive subordination
and dependence on the opinions of others, lack of criticality and initiative
ciativity, conservatism.
LABILE CHARACTER 518 9483194 – one of the types of act-
centuations of character. Characterized by sudden changes in mood depending on the situation.
CHARACTER OBSESSIVE 491319 81949 – term for
names of the character of people who tend to act obsessively.
NECROPHILIC CHARACTER 548519819418 – malignant
benign form of character structure, benign form
which is described as having an anal character. Typical:
1) fear of life;
2) attraction to carrion;
3) interest in illness and death;
4) a special kind of lifelessness and alienation;
5) the attitude towards possession, power and strength;
6) orientation to the past;
7) mechanical perception of life;
8) forced pedantry, sadism;
9) admiration for technology;
10) destruction of life, etc.
CHARACTER UNSTABLE 5941893194 – one of the ty-
in accentuation of character. Characteristic: tendency to give in-
succumbing to someone else's influence, seeking new experiences, superficial
sociability.
CHARACTER NORMAL 819 9485194 – this is character
without deviations. In listing its properties, one would have to list
cast all the main features that distinguish the known types of accentuation
tions, noting that they are expressed “not too much.” It turns out that
This character is the “golden mean” of a whole range of qualities.
PARANOID CHARACTER 519419 81948 (character
stuck) is one of the types of character accentuation. Its
increased suspiciousness and resentment, resistance
negative affects, desire for dominance, hostility
rejection of other people's opinions and high levels of conflict.
PSYCHASTHENIC CHARACTER 59831748981 – one
from the types of character accentuation. Characterized by high anxiety-
suspiciousness, indecision, tendency to introspection
, constant doubts and reasoning, a tendency to
the development of obsessions and ritual actions.
SENSITIVE CHARACTER 31948131964 – one of the types
accentuation of character. Characterized by increased impressionability
anxiety, timidity, a heightened sense of one's own inadequacy
values.
SOCIAL CHARACTER 51987131948 – totality
character traits that are present in most members of the given
social group and arose as a result of common problems between them
experiences and way of life; the core of the character structure, the properties
common to most representatives of this culture - in pro-
the opposite of the individual character that distinguishes love
of the same culture from each other. The concept of character
social – key to understanding social processes
owls, because this character is the main element of functioning
society and at the same time – an intermediate link between the social
economic structure and the prevailing social
in the spirit of ideas and ideals.
CYCLOID CHARACTER 51481791849 – one of the types
accentuation of character. The alternation of phases of good is characteristic
and bad mood with different periods.
CHARACTER SCHIZOID 481317219488 – one of the types
accentuation of character. The main features are isolation and lack of
current of intuition in communication. Informal relationships are difficult to establish.
emotional, contacts, often this inability is difficult-
lo is experienced. Rapid exhaustion in contact leads to
even more withdrawal into oneself. The lack of intuition manifests itself
inability to understand other people's experiences, to guess the desires of others,
guess about the unspoken. Their inner world is almost always
closed to others and filled with hobbies and fantasies,
intended only for oneself; they serve to console the person
love or erotic. Hobbies are characterized by strength, constancy,
ity, often unrealizability, sophistication. For people with such
character is the most difficult to enter into emotional contacts with
people. Therefore, they become maladapted where it is necessary to be informal.
it's hard to communicate.
EPILEPTOID CHARACTER 5485193194851 – one of
types of character accentuation. They are characterized by a tendency towards malice-
a melancholy mood with accumulation of aggression, conflict,
viscosity of thinking, scrupulous pedantry.
CHARACTEROLOGY 31961751988 – 1. One of the directions
German psychology of the 20th century interpreting human individuality
duality as a mental-physical integrity, primary in
attitude to the world where she lives and determined in behavior
its inherent properties. 2. In a broad sense –
character studies, a discipline devoted to the study of
the essence of character and the means of identifying its types.
CHARISMA 491718594817 – attribution of a divinely given personality
properties that cause admiration for her and unconditional
a firm belief in her special abilities and capabilities. Phenomenon
characteristic of small groups and especially large ones, prone
to personify their ideals in the process of consolidation.
PALMISTRY 591318419816 – one of the most ancient systems
fortune telling about a person's individual characteristics, traits
character, the events experienced and the future fate according to the skin re-
palms of the hands - capillary and especially flexor lines.
CHOLERIC 519814 918591 – a subject possessing one of
four main types of temperament (in the classification of Hippo-
krata). A person with a choleric temperament can be characterized
to call as fast, impetuous, sharp, rapid, with force
with a fast and fluid pace of movement, with a high level of activity
mental, energetic actions, capable of giving oneself
to the cause with passion, but unbalanced, prone to stormy
emotional outbursts and sudden mood swings.
prone to sudden mood swings, hot-tempered, impatient,
prone to emotional breakdowns, sometimes aggressive.
CHROMATOPSIA 548 918714 – distortion of color sensations
output, characterized by the perception of only one of the primary colors.
So, with erythropsy, everything is perceived as colored red.
light (for example, in case of iodine poisoning); in case of xanthopsia –
yellow light (in case of santonin poisoning); in case of cyanopsia –
blue light (in case of mushroom poisoning).
_C_
ACHROMATIC COLOR 514318219717 – colors perceived
the detection of which is possible through the night vision system.
These include the colors white, black and all shades of gray.
The opposite concept is chromatic color.
COLOR INDUCED 598 61971849 (Fechner
colors) – subjective sensations of color that can be obtained
read when rotating at a speed of 5 - 20 revolutions per second of the disk
Banham, consisting of white and black halves, and on the white
concentric black arcs are applied to the left half. The color,
received by the observer depends on the location of the arcs relative to
relative to the center of the disk.
CHROMATIC COLOR 49856139814 – colors perceived
the presence of which is possible only with color vision (all
colors other than white, black, and shades of gray). Opposite
new concept - achromatic color.
COLOR PERCEPTION 379 614 89047 (color perception) –
may come down to an assessment:
1) the lightness (or apparent brightness) of a color tone – that is,
the colors themselves;
2) saturation - as an indicator of the difference of a given color from
gray color of equal lightness. In this case, the main mechanisms
color perception is innate and operates due to
structures localized at the level of subcortical formations
brain of the brain.
COLOR MIXING 59864871947 (color mixing, mixed
(color perception) – obtaining a qualitatively new subjective perception
the color obtained by the combined action of two or more
color irritants.
COLOR MIXING ADDITIVE 5943198194 – merged
the transformation of several light stimuli of different colors into one color when they hit close areas of the retina.
COLOR MIXING ADDITIVE: LAW
591 498798517 (laws of additive color mixing) - rules
obtaining certain colors by mixing them with the formula
originally formulated by I. Newton:
1) for every color there is only one other color
(additional), when mixed with which an achromatic
tic gray color;
2) subjectively identically perceived colors when mixed
with other colors also give the same perceived
colors – regardless of their spectral composition;
3) when two different colors are mixed, the resulting color is
intermediate between the original ones, so that when mixing this pro-
intermediate color with one of the original colors it is impossible to obtain another
original color;
4) when mixing two different colors, the resulting color is always
less saturated than at least one of the original ones. Based on these
The International Color Specification System was created
ta" in terms of the "Standard Observer" (ICO-31), for the first time
introduced by Grassmann in 1856.
GOAL FORMATION 818 91894816481 – the process of generating
the emergence of new goals in human activity, one of the manifestations
thinking. It can be both involuntary and voluntary; character-
is characterized by time dynamics. The basis for goal formation is
a person's material and labor activity,
aimed at transforming the environment.
INTEGRITY 514918598461 (integrity of perception) –
a property of perception consisting in the fact that every object, and therefore
a more spatial subject situation is perceived
as a stable systemic whole, even if some of its parts are in
at this moment it is impossible to observe (for example, the back of the ve-
shchi): currently not perceived signs still turn out to be
integrated into the overall image of this object.
GOAL 594817398614892 – a conscious image of anticipation
my desired result, which is aimed at achieving
human action; a pre-conceived result of conscious
activity. This refers to a conscious image of the result: it is retained in consciousness the entire time the action is performed. The goal is always conscious. In psychology, the concept of a goal is also used in other meanings: 1) a formal description of the final situations that any self-regulating functioning system strives to achieve; 2) an anticipated useful result that determines the integrity and direction of the organism's behavior.
The concept of a goal as an anticipated useful result is used in the analysis of the biological prehistory of the emergence of a conscious goal and in the study of
in the development of psychophysiological mechanisms of regulation of goal-directed
directed behavioral acts. The concept of a goal as a conscious
in the most predictable way the result is used when studying
the study of voluntary, intentional actions that represent
a specific feature of human activity.
SEXUAL GOAL 549897319481 – a term meaning-
the act that sexual desires to carry out
attraction; otherwise - an action that is driven by sexual desire
nie.
PURPOSE SEXUAL INFANTILE
897 91849874917 – the purpose of sexual child; consists in the fact that-
to obtain satisfaction by appropriate stimulation
of some selected erogenous zone.
GOAL SEXUAL NORMAL 546 978981491 –
normal union of the genitals in the act of copulation, leading
to the resolution of sexual tension and to the temporary fading
increase in sexual desire (satisfaction similar to satiation)
(during hunger).
PURPOSE SEXUAL FINAL
5485464851 481 – desire to relieve sexual tension
nia.
PURPOSE SEXUAL PRELIMINARY
4719854916 – intermediate process of relation to the object of sec-
sualnomu - on the way to copulation - as a feeling and looking
breathing, which in itself gives pleasure, and on the other hand
- increases arousal, which should last until it is achieved
achieving the ultimate sexual goal.
CENSORSHIP 517489516 914 – functional-figurative pre-
the presentation of forces and tendencies that filter unconscious im-
pulses and preventing them from penetrating into consciousness. The role
censorship can be played by various displacing tendencies,
conscious and others, manifested and acting in the zone of transition from the unconscious to the conscious. Everything rejected by censorship is in a state of repression. During sleep, the influence of censorship is weakened. Censorship serves to mediate the relationship of the unconscious with other levels. It represses feelings, thoughts and desires condemned by the individual into the area of the unconscious and does not allow a reverse breakthrough into consciousness of the repressed content. But the unconscious still manifests itself in the behavior and psyche of a person - in slips of the tongue, typos, memory errors, dreams, accidents, neuroses.
VALUE 584917985491 is a concept used in philosophy.
sophia and sociology to designate objects, phenomena, their
properties, as well as abstract ideas that embody general
ideals and acting as a standard thanks to this
due.
CENTRATION 51748918519498516 417 – Effect detected
used in Gestalt psychology in the study of visual illusions
tel; consists in the fact that the elements on which the
look, are overvalued compared to others: the field of re-
acceptance seems to expand in the area of focus of attention - at one
temporary compression and some distortion of the peripheral part
fields. The consequence of the centering is a partial deformation of the perceived
of the object under consideration, the possibility of the emergence of “systematic errors”
"side" in operating with his image and practical activities
with him.
TENACITY 548461498719 is a mental phenomenon that is capable of
tendency to record early impressions of sexual life.
CYCLOGRAM 586 489719471 – method for research
movements. Based on the use of cyclography - that is, photo-
tography in a darkened room through metered
time intervals of the position of the luminous marks located
on the moving parts of the subject's body.
_Ч_
BIOLOGICAL CLOCK 817498 8614194 – internal
genetically programmed mechanisms of biological regulation
logical rhythms of the body, serving for the temporal ordering
studying biological functions and behavior.
HUMAN 518849889814981 – a being that embodies
the highest stage of development of life on Earth, the subject of social-
historical activity. As a subject and product of activity
labor in society is a system where the physical and mental
logical, genetically determined and formed during life
the natural, the social and the cultural form an inseparable unity
state. Psychology studies the human psyche and its development, its
individual psychological characteristics, roles performed
them in social life, his activities and communication. Practical
virtually all psychology is addressed to the problem of man as an individual
species included in social connections, its development in processes
training and education, its formation in activities and
in the psychology of eternal development, man is considered
as eternity organized by the thinking of man and his spirit-
beginning, that is, eternity self-organized from the initial
level of thought and knowledge about eternity.
HUMAN: BIOTYPE 8193179148891497 – one of the various
types of human typology, distinguished by neurohumoral-
based on the specificity of the system's response
human sympathetic-adrenal system to environmental influences,
which is externally manifested in certain behavioral features
nia.
HUMAN: CONSTITUTION 8184194851648198 – system
genetically determined morphological, physiological
and mental characteristics of the individual, allowing him to be classified
to one of a number of specific types. As has been shown –
First of all, based on clinical material – there are certain correlations between body type, appearance and certain mental properties of the individual.
HUMAN: ONTOGENESIS 581489916901849 – specifically
the human path of ontogenesis is the assimilation, or appropriation of social
historical experience. In animals it is completely absent.
exists. Hence, training and education are socially
selective ways of conveying human experience, ensuring
"artificial development of the child" (as opposed to "natural-
development of the baby animal"). General path
human ontogenesis – the appropriation of the artificial, culturally
given experience, and not the development of what is naturally inherent.
This path determines the social nature of the human psyche.
HUMAN: ORIENTATION 5188918849814901684
(three orientations of a person) – forms and methods of orientation and
manifestations of fundamental human tendencies - necrophilia,
narcissism and incestuous attraction, which in the malignant
in their natural manifestations they reveal a desire for “similarity”
"to the point of being."
HUMAN: COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH 819318489416981
(integrated approach to a person) - systematic study
holistic individual psychological development of a person
century at all stages of his life's journey. According to the principles
a comprehensive approach to a person, individual development of a person
The love appears in three planes:
1) ontopsychological evolution
tion of psychophysiological functions - characteristics of a person
as an individual;
2) the formation of activities and history of development
man as a subject of labor - characteristics of man as a sub-
project of activity;
3) a person’s life path – characteristics
of a person as an individual. The result of combining all the properties of an in-
the dividual, the individual and the subject of activity form the psychological
the uniqueness of a person, his individuality.
HUMAN PERCEPTION 81454671 948917 (perception
man by man) is a concept used in psychology
cial. It means the process of an individual constructing an image of a friend.
a person's personality, developed during direct communication
with him. Includes all levels of mental reflection.
PERSONALITY TRAITS 519391819491 (personality trait) –
stable, recurring features in different situations
behavior of an individual. Their mandatory properties:
1) the degree of expression in different people;
2) trans-situational – manifestation in any situation;
3) potential measurability – availability for measurement
with the help of specially developed questionnaires and tests.
experimental personality psychology is particularly fully researched
such personality traits as extroversion and introversion are given,
anxiety, rigidity, impulsiveness.
AMBITION 51648 917917 - expressed in personality
motives for achieving primacy, the desire for glory, for receiving
to receive awards, to an honorable position in a certain field of activity
ity, the sphere of public life. Hypertrophied ambition
love is strengthened by vanity - an arrogant attitude towards
to others.
LIP READING 54861739781949148 (lip reading) –
cognition of speech through perception of visual visible movements
speech organs.
SENSITIVITY 561497589 917218941 – 1. In psycho-
in physics – a value inversely proportional to the threshold of sensation
nija. Accordingly, absolute sensitivity is distinguished
and differential (difference). 2. In psychology, differential-
nal and characterology - increased readiness for reactions
affective. 3. General capacity for sensation – the ability
organisms actively respond to stimuli, reflect the potential
actions that are biologically neutral but objectively related to
biotic properties. It appears in phylogenesis when the organ-
isms begin to react to environmental factors that perform
signaling function in relation to those having direct biological
ical significance of the impacts.
SENSITIVITYVIBRATION
561 9178199481610491 – sensitivity to vibrational air
effects on the skin. It is assumed that it is a transitional
form between tactile and auditory sensitivity. With its
with the help of which impacts in the range of 1 – 10000 Hz are perceived;
The sensitivity to frequencies of 200–250 Hz is particularly high.
vibration sensitivity is more developed in the distal parts
limbs, making it possible to teach the deaf sound-
howl of speech.
SENSITIVITYNOCICEPTIVE
51631982198491 – sensitivity that allows you to recognize
harmful effects on the body. This type of sensitivity
ness can be subjectively presented as pain, or in
in the form of various interoreceptive sensations, such as
burning, nausea, dizziness, itching, numbness.
SENSITIVITYPROTOPATHIC
561 918 97548 – a form of skin sensitivity, characteristic
the stage of recovery after injury to the skin surface, when
slight touch to the skin or no sensation at all,
or causes a painful sensation.
FEELING 916 918 81794889149 is one of the main forms
experiences of one's attitude to objects and phenomena of reality
ity, - emotional experiences that reflect
a stable attitude of an individual towards certain objects or
processes of the external world.
FEELING: AMBIVALENCE 549 496719891494 (am-
bivalence of feelings) - Inconsistency, contradictoriness
several simultaneously experienced feelings towards
some object; contradictory attitude of the subject to the object
- simultaneous focus on the same object of opposition
opposite feelings. A complex of emotional states, connected
associated with duality of relations - with simultaneous
acceptance and rejection.
ASTHENIC FEELING 491419 849589461 – negative
emotional states (depression, despondency, sadness,
non-localized fear, etc.), indicating a refusal to
coping with difficulties in situations of heightened emotional tension
loads. About the subject's experience of asthenic feelings can
to testify, for example, that he is slouching, his breathing is
slows down, eyes grow dim. Opposite to feelings of sthenicity
skim.
GUILT 3175196148569419 – one of the feelings of psi-
hical, which can be understood as a disagreement between the I and
Superego. Most of the guilt feeling is normally unconscious.
significant and is a topological variety of strat-
ha, which in a later stage completely coincides with the fear of the Super-Ego.
FEELINGS OF GUILT: PRE-EXISTENCE
548567498195491 - a special feeling of guilt, which has its source
Oedipus complex, which exists before a misdeed or crime
and, for the purpose of self-realization, forces a person to seek
punishment. That is, this feeling did not arise from the offense, but
on the contrary, the offense is caused by this feeling. This feeling is not
the investigation, but the motive of the crime.
GUILT UNCONSCIOUS 319615819491 –
an unconscious experience of some guilt, playing into
in most neuroses a decisive role and creates the strongest
an obstacle to recovery.
MORAL GUILT 319 614 89918 – state
arising as a result of tension between the ego and the superego.
FEELING OF HUNGER 31749318516 – organic sensation
associated with the excitation of the food center in the brain
nom, represented by cells located in the ventromedial
the central part of the middle part of the hypothalamus, which react
to change the composition of the blood washing them - to change the con-
concentration of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism products.
The feeling of hunger is projected onto the stomach area, specific
the movements of which cause characteristic sensations in the under-
gallbladder region.
FEELING OF THIRST 561318598471 – organic sensation
ation associated with the excitation of the brain's drinking center
it is represented by cells located at the base
septal region of the brain and adjacent areas
anterior hypothalamic region.
FEELING OF LOW VALUE 516914 918591 – one of
mental feelings; the result of disagreement between the Ego and the Super-Ego.
It is characteristic that the individual feels himself as something ma-
valuable.
MUSCLE SENSATION 518 948317491 – a complex of sensations
disorders arising due to the work of the muscular system of the organ-
nism. Thanks to the muscular sense, which presupposes the active-
the body's actions, a person learns to compare objects,
to perform the simplest operations of analysis and synthesis, - passes
primary school of subject thinking.
FEELING OF INFERIORITY 594 968598781 – stable
a vivid form of human experience of his real or general
expressed inferiority, formed when a person notices that he is unloved.
FEELING STENIC 51949131982 – positive
emotional states associated with an increase in the standard of living
inactivity. Characterized by a feeling of excitement, joyfulness,
excitement, upliftment, vigor; breathing becomes more frequent.
deep, light and easy, the work of the heart is activated; in general
the body prepares physiologically for greater expenditures
energies. Opposite to asthenic feelings.
SENSE OF HUMOR 88 916 01451947 – in common usage
consumption - the ability to notice comic moments in phenomena
rons, emotionally responding to them. Inextricably linked with
the ability to detect contradictions in the environment - for example,
to notice, and sometimes exaggerate, the opposite of positive
positive and negative traits in a person, someone's
evocative importance and behavior inappropriate to it, etc.
In relation to the object of humor, as if subjected to a peculiar
different emotional criticism, friendliness remains.
_Ш_
SCHIZOANALYSIS 548 4894719859841 is one of the newest
directions in philosophy and sociology, primarily in
France. Based on the unconventional understanding of schizophrenia and
schizophrenic experience as phenomena and processes of a special world
individual and group human desires, theorists
Schizoanalysis studies a number of unconscious phenomena,
dividing and determining the lives of individuals and societies
nal groups.
SCHIZOID 549317589497 – borderline personality type – inter-
between a healthy state and psychosis; it is distinguished by a number of charac-
rological features: isolation, seriousness, coldness
ity, etc.
SCHIZOPHRENIA 1858541 – a mental illness, multi-
figurative in manifestations and characterized by a split personality,
withdrawal into oneself, disruption of contact with other people and
the outside world.
SCALE 547 4918645941 – instrument for measuring continuous
discontinuous properties of an object; represents a numerical system,
where the relationships between different properties of objects are expressed
properties of a number series. In psychology and sociology,
Personality scales are used to study different characteristics
socio-psychological phenomena.
WECHSLER SCALE 548 491818598016897 – test for measuring
intelligence test developed by D. Wechsler in 1937 with the aim of
eliminate as much as possible the influence of the level of school education in
scales together with verbal tests were used tests
non-verbal and action tests.
SCALE OZERESKY
548 891 492 81697149891 – a technique developed for diagnostics
sticks to the level of psychomotor development. Includes:
1) test of static and dynamic coordination of movements;
2) test of speed of movements;
3) test the possibility of performing several tasks simultaneously
movements;
4) test of strength of movements and synkinesis. Can be used
as one of the methods of professional selection.
RATING SCALE 516 91 is a methodological technique that allows
which distributes the set of objects under study according to degree
nor the expression of a property common to them. Such a distribution
is based on subjective assessments of this property, averaged
determined by the group of experts.
SETTING SCALE 818 919 91 – a technique that allows
compare individuals by size, intensity and stability
the nature of their relationship to the phenomenon under study. In applied socio-
The scale of attitudes is applied to the sciences and psychology of social sciences
as one of the main means of analysis, because here the object of measurement
first of all, these are personal qualities.
SCALING 516 28 4914788961 – a method of modeling
real processes using numerical systems. In the sciences
social – anthropology, sociology, psychology and others –
Scaling is one of the most important tools for analyzing ma-
thematic phenomenon being studied, as well as the method of organizing
empirical data obtained through observation
research, document study, questionnaire survey, experiments or
testing.
SCHOOL 516 918571064218764217 – 1. Portable – training,
experience gained in something, and also the fact that this training and this
experience provides. 2. Direction in the field of science, art and
etc.
SCHOOL:SERVICEPSYCHOLOGICAL
284 561 482 178546 (psychological service at school) – specialist
a specialized unit in the public education system, based on
whose main task is to provide conditions conducive to
full mental and personal development of each
the child, the violation of which prevents the timely implementation
age and individual capabilities of students and entails
the need for psychological and pedagogical correction. Activities
The service is carried out by a practical psychologist, who works
in an educational institution or in a psychological
office at the Department of Public Education, which provides
advisory assistance to all educational institutions
region's expectations
AUSTRIAN SCHOOL 581 482 4951614 (Grace school)
– In the formulation and development of the problem of the integrity of consciousness
The school was based on the concept of F. Brentano. The concept was introduced
gestalt quality as a designation of the integrity of the mental
of his image and consciousness as a whole, its irreducibility to the sum of its components
sensations that permeate it. Gestalt quality was considered the highest
a representation arising from lower representations
– sensations and other things – as a result of a special productive soul-
act of hovel.
SCHOOLANTHROPOLOGICALENGLISH
584 496 71 84 (English anthropological school) – scientific
a direction in ethnography and cultural anthropology that has contributed
the idea of evolution in the study of culture. A parallel was drawn
development of the so-called primitive peoples - on the basis of ana-
lick their customs, beliefs, art, morality and other things
- with the development of mental processes in modern man.
by virtue of this comparison, the animistic ideas of the first
everyday society were explained by the incorrect use
thinking techniques that are also characteristic of modern man
centuries (associations of ideas, the principle of causality, analogy, etc.), in conditions of insufficient experience.
SCHOOL WURZBURG 518496 47891484841 – School
Würzburg introduced experimental psychology as a new
the object of analysis is the execution of tasks of intellectual ha-
character (the study of logical judgments, answers to questions,
requiring mental effort, etc.). It was found that mice
mentation is a mental process, the laws of which are not
are reduced neither to the laws of logic nor to the laws of association formation.
tions.
GENEVA SCHOOL 198721 8491967481 – Subject of study
ings – the origin and development of intelligence in a child; the main task is to study the mechanisms of the child’s cognitive activity, hidden behind the external picture of his behavior; the main research method is a clinical conversation (interview), focused not on recording the external signs of a phenomenon, but on the processes leading to their appearance.
LEIPZIG SCHOOL 194 8213194987961421 – psycho-
a logical direction that existed in Germany from the end of the 10th
1930s to the mid-1930s. The direction was based on
focus on the study of the psyche and consciousness in their entirety.
SCHOOL SCIENTIFIC 514318894516 – in psychology – a way
and the form of organization of cooperative scientific activities,
realizing the unity of the processes of cognition and transfer of accumulated
scientific knowledge. The scientific school is understood as:
1) a scientific and educational school that forms future scientists
investigators;
2) a research team, a group of scientists, working together
developing under the guidance of the leader - the head of the scale - co-
the research program he created;
3) a direction in science that arises due to the establishment
to a certain tradition, embracing a number of scholars and
research teams.
SCHOOLSOCIOLOGICALFRENCH
581 498518917 (French sociological school) – socio-
a logical direction, characteristic of socio-historical
approach to the human psyche.
SCHOOL KHARKIV 51489 491517589614 (Kharkiv
psychological school) is an informal organization of psychological
gov, who worked in the 1930s in scientific institutions of Kharkov on
development of the ideas of L. S. Vygotsky and formulation on their basis
the basics of the activity-based approach.
_E_
EVOLUTION 317 498598614 2197185496198 – in views on
its mechanism neo-Darwinists are not always unanimous. According to some,
it is the result of a series of successive small shifts from random
tea mutations according to immediate needs. Others
believe that evolution has a certain internal ten-
dence, which follows the development of species, subject to certain
some guidelines already embedded in genes. According to others,
evolution occurs in leaps and bounds, beginning with major changes
locks that arise at some selected, nodal points of evolution
the path where differentiation of species occurs.
HEURISTICS 561894 0196485197984 – 1. In a broad sense
– the science of creativity. 2. In a narrow, more modern sense – theory and
practice of organizing selective search when solving
complex intellectual tasks.
EGO-PSYCHOLOGY 5184913196197194981 (egopsychology)
- one of the directions of psychoanalysis, arose as a reaction to
orthodox Freudianism. In contrast to the latter, it is considered
which considers instincts and drives as the dominant part of the personal
sti, ego psychology believes that the I plays a more important and un-
dependent role.
EGOISM 51064814 618 08491 – value orientation of the sub-
ect, characterized by the predominance of one's own personality in life
selfish personal interests and needs regardless of in-
interests of other people and social groups. Manifestations of egoism
inherent attitude towards another person as an object and a means
achieving selfish goals.
EGOCENTRISM 584916819 97894141 – inability to in-
dividend, focusing on their own interests, change
the initial cognitive position in relation to a certain
an object, opinion or idea even in the presence of a counter-
information that speaks to his experience.
EIDETISM 571 81461989491 – the ability of some in-
dividuals (eidetics) to the preservation and reproduction of extreme
a vivid and detailed image of previously perceived objects
and scenes.
EIDETIC 518319498191 – an individual with a characteristically expressed
the ability to eidetism - that is, to preserve and reproduce
to bring to memory very vivid and detailed images of the past
perceived objects and scenes. Such abilities are possessed by
– up to a certain age – almost everyone is mentally normal
underdeveloped children.
EIDETIC: TYPOLOGY 418614318546 – classification
people capable of eidetic representations:
1) “T-type” of eidetics (“Tetanoider Type”) – they have a representation
eidetic sensations are very persistent and do not disappear even after a long period of
external stimulation, sometimes taking on the character
obsessions; the name of the type is given by analogy with the name of the we-
cervical spasms <tetanie>;
2) “B-type” (“Basedowider”) – another type of eidetics – has
is capable of spontaneously awakening ideas
eidetic and conscious intervention in their unfolding
nie - in accordance with their intentions.
EUPHORIA 914 897 219714814 – joyful, cheerful mood
state of complacency and carelessness, inappropriate
objective circumstances, having no objective reasons
appearance and is quite persistent. In terms of behavior, we observed
mimic and general motor animation is given, multi-word
vie, sometimes psychomotor agitation.
EXOGENOUS 491 964 978397181648 – external origin
walking caused by external causes. Opposite
concept - endogenous.
EXOPSYCHE 318613519497814 – a set of relations
of the individual to nature, society, spiritual values, to his own
of spiritual life.
ECLECTICISM 81896731941851491 (eclectic approach
(Russian) - the greatest advances in psychology were achieved in the re-
the result of a clash of ideas put forward by different schools.
Among these contradictory directions, there are many that
came out of the scene in the first half of the 20th century. The emergence and development
the many disagreements between schools reached their peak in
50s; then the controversy began to subside and by now
faded away. There is agreement on a number of important issues, differences
are smoothed out as knowledge deepens. Now psychologists
take from various theories and use the concepts that
seem to be the most valuable or profound. This approach
leads to the fact that the main thing is no longer the desire to-
to show the validity of ideas belonging to a certain
direction, but rather a desire to identify the most suitable
ways to solve problems that exist in the life of society, and
providing effective assistance to those in need.
EXPECTATION 51631849181918 – a system of expectations or
requirements regarding the norms of an individual's performance of roles
social; is a type of social sanctions
, which organize the system of relationships and interactions in
group. Unlike official orders, official
instructions and other regulations of behavior in the group, the nature
expectations are not formalized and are not always conscious.
EXPERIMENT 518714397516 – research strategy
a technique in which targeted observation of a process is carried out under conditions of regulated change of individual characteristics of the conditions of its course. In this case, a hypothesis is tested. In psychology, along with observation, it is one of the main methods of scientific knowledge in general and psychological research in particular.
EXPERIMENTASSOCIATIVE
584614819319719514 – projective method and test intended-
for the study of personality motivation - oriented
for the recording, diagnosis and psychotherapy of hidden affective-
complexes and other mental phenomena. Based on
studying the content, form and speed of the client's reaction,
presenting the first word that comes to mind in response to the analyst's words. Initially developed for psychiatric purposes, it later began to be used for research and psychodiagnostic purposes.
EXPERIMENT NATURAL 684 814317948 – ex-
perimental strategy - characterized by being carried out in conditions
close to the usual activities of the subjects, and they do not
know that they are participating in a study. This achieves
greater purity of the experiment. The research method, inter-
precise between observation and laboratory experiment,
in which the psychologist can actively influence the situation, but in
forms that do not violate its naturalness for the subjects.
The main methods are observation and conversation with the subjects.
ours, the results of which are processed qualitatively. Variant-
The volume of the natural experiment is the experiment of psychology-
go-pedagogical, or experimental learning, in which
study of the mental characteristics of a schoolchild, subject to
formation, is carried out in the course of training and education.
EXPERIMENT CONSTITUTING 218613914217 –
the development of the psyche can be approached as a phenomenon related to
relatively independent of training and education, then the task
it turns out to be a statement of the connections that develop in the course of development
tia.
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 016974219591 – method
a therapeutic strategy aimed at modeling the activity
the individual under special conditions is a type of experiment
carried out in specially equipped laboratories,
which ensures particularly strict control of variables
dependent and dependent.
FIELD EXPERIMENT 319671819284 – suggests
use of minimum equipment in a situation close to
natural.
EXPERIMENT PROJECTIVE 549317219817 – form-
nal principles of construction (projectivity): “deaf” in-
structure, lack of evaluation by the experimenter, emphasis on motivation
vational aspect of the activity. A calm, friendly
a welcoming atmosphere. In projective research, they model-
sya - in a generalized schematic form - the most common
life situations. But precisely because they are for testing
the one being studied is not reality, he has greater freedom of behavior
in them than in life; therefore, in such situations,
not only the usual stereotypes of reaction are emerging, not only
needs and motives that manifest themselves every day, but also
remaining unrealized.
PRODUCTION EXPERIMENT 319418518414 –
a natural experiment carried out in conditions normal for the subjects
conditions of work. At the same time, the worker himself may not know about
conducting an experiment. With a different approach, it becomes active
an active participant in the experiment, which is important, for example, when
changing the structure of labor activities.
EXPERIMENT FORMING 561318518491 (ex-
psychological and pedagogical period; educational experiment;
educating; transforming; developing) – applied
in developmental and pedagogical psychology, the method of tracking
changes in the child's psyche during the active influence of the research
follower on the subject.
EXPERTISE 819414 918491 – study of a certain
millet, requiring special knowledge, with the presentation of the motive-
conclusion. To carry it out, experts are involved.
perts, i.e. experienced specialists in this field.
FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
516 428319471 is one of the main forms of practical application
development of special psychological knowledge in criminal matters
process. It is carried out by order of the investigator or by a decision of the
the court in accordance with the norms of the criminal procedure code in
in relation to mentally healthy defendants, witnesses and
victims. General subject of examination forensic
psychological - features of mental activity,
the observance of which is important for establishing the truth according to the agreement
fishing business.
EXPRESSIVE 819417 619491 – expressive, able
capable of reflecting an emotional state.
EXPRESSION 318617918498 – expressiveness; strength of pro-
phenomena of feelings, experiences. Expressive reactions are
external manifestation of human emotions and feelings - in facial expressions,
pantomime, voice and gestures.
ECSTASY 818914 506971 – a state of extreme ecstasy
ha, reaching the point of frenzy.
EXTERIORIZATION 516898319 18 – the process of generation
external actions, statements, etc. based on the transformation
formation of a number of internal structures that have developed on the basis of inter-
priority of external social activity of a person.
a kind of “translation” of internal structures into an “external” language.
EXTERNALIZATION 514819519617 – in whole or in part
a truly conscious weaving of the apperception test into the story
thematic events of one's own life. Sometimes it can reveal
to swear like an epiphany.
EXTERNALITY 814 916319498 (externality and
internality) - the predisposition of an individual to a certain
form of locus of control. If responsibility for the events that occur
walking in life, a person takes on more of himself,
explaining them by their behavior, character, abilities, this
indicates that he has internal (interval) control.
If the tendency to attribute causes to occurrence dominates,
dependent on external factors - the external environment, fate or chance - this indicates that he has external control.
EXTEROCEPTOR 518417319497 (exteroceptor) – special
specialized receptors that perceive external stimuli
ings. They are located on the surface of the body, including the mucous membranes.
membranes of the nose, mouth and tongue, either diffusely, scattered, or
being part of special sense organs.
EXTROVERSION 814917219648 – the inversion of consciousness and
the subject's attention is primarily on what is happening outside
him, around him. One of the basic personality traits. Opposite
false concept - introversion.
EXTRAPUNITIVITY 819617219318 – the tendency to
shift the blame for failures onto other people.
EXTRASPECTIA 489861319617 – this is how you can call it
four subjects about their feelings - about what they see,
hear, etc.
EXHIBITIONISM 314815219478 (exhibitionism) –
a form of sexual perversion characterized by the fact that the subject of the experience
provides sexual satisfaction when demonstrated to individuals in opposition to
of the opposite sex of their genitals in ordinary everyday situations.
tuations.
VERBAL EXHIBITIONISM 518916518914 – va-
riation of exhibitionism, characterized by the fact that sexual pleasure
satisfaction is achieved by whispering obscenities
or intimate details to members of the opposite sex.
EMOTIONALITY 819471319488 – a human property,
characterizing the content, quality and dynamics of his emotions and
feelings. One of the main components of temperament. Properties
emotionality as one of the areas of manifestation of temperament –
impressionability, sensitivity, impulsiveness, etc.
EMOTION 318491519614 – states associated with evaluation
the significance of the factors affecting the individual and the
expressed primarily in the form of direct experiences
satisfaction or dissatisfaction of his current needs
mental reflection in the form of direct pri-
passionate experience of the meaning of life's phenomena and situations,
determined by the relationship of their objective properties to the needs
properties of the subject.
EMOTION ASTHENIC 918561318499 – emotions, pe-
the reduction of which reduces the overall tone of the body, its activity
ability, performance, etc. This includes states of depression.
laziness, despair, sadness, etc.
EMOTION BASAL 319471819517 – theoretical con-
a structure that unites a minimal set of emotions, based on co-
in which the whole diversity of emotional processes is formed
and states. The basic emotions include joy, grief (sadness),
li), fear, anger, surprise, disgust. They are the ones that manifest
occur during electrical stimulation of various subcortical areas
brain of the brain.
EMOTION PRIMARY 316519419481 – genotypically
conditioned simple emotional experiences: con-
pleasure-displeasure, pain, fear, anger, etc.
EMOTION STENIC 318496899314 – emotions, trans-
the use of which increases the overall tone of the body, its activity
efficiency, performance, etc.
EMPATHY 816498917314 – understanding emotional compo-
standing, penetration, empathy into the experiences of another
of a person. The individual's ability to experience parallel
those emotions that arise in another individual during communication with
him. Understanding another person through emotional empathy.
involvement in his experiences.
EMPIRICISM 518618497394 – a direction in philosophical
theory of knowledge that reduces it to sensory experience.
ENDOGENOUS 398641818584 – internal origin
caused by internal reasons. The opposite
concept - exogenous.
ENDOPSYCHE 218016914848 – a set of internal
mental and psychophysical functions: temperament, character-
ter, mental giftedness, etc.
ENERGY 818918888841498 –
1. General measure of various types
of movement and interaction.
2. Measure of movement, measure of ability
ability to perform work is one of the basic properties of matter.
3. Active force, persistence, determination in actions, in
achieving the goal.
ENCEPHALOGRAM 518642 489064 – recording of electrical
logical activity of the brain or its individual areas in
over a period of time, carried out by means of
using a special device - an encephalograph (electroencephalograph)
graph).
ENCEPHALOGRAPHY 894514478679 – research method
activity of the brain by recording its total
bioelectrical activity recorded by means of electro-
trodes placed on the scalp or directly on
brain.
EONISM 549621319471 – sexual deviation – arousal
rejection of clothing of the opposite sex.
EPILEPSY 589714 498 164 – neurological diseases
of origin, characterized by periodic attacks
convulsions accompanied by various mental disorders
ical, including loss of consciousness.
EPILEPTOID 614 917898516 – characteristic signs –
extreme irritability, reaching fits of rage and
anger, periodic mood disorders mixed with melancholy,
fear, anger, and also certain moral defects. Epi-
Leptoids are extremely selfish, intensely active people,
persistent and very affective. They are passionate lovers
thrills. They may also exhibit meticulous attention to detail.
pettiness, pedantry, stinginess. They are also characterized by li-
hypocrisy and sanctimony. All their manifestations contain elements of
cops of irritability, bitterness, anger, which makes them
extremely difficult for those around them. They are aggressive, me-
personally touchy, picky, ready to criticize and correct everything
lyat, extremely vindictive and vengeful. Physiological basis
epileptoid character, as is assumed - the force of primitive-
nihilistic drives and viscosity of nervous processes.
EPISTEMOLOGY GENETIC 316914 819514 –
direction in the study of thinking. The focus is
It is worthwhile to study the psychological mechanisms that determine
that structure and develop knowledge (epistemology is the theory of
knowledge).
EPIPHENOMENON 918516319314 – an appendage to a phenomenon – a fe-
nomen; a side effect accompanying other phenomena, but
having no influence on them.
EPIPHENOMENALISM 51414131948 – a doctrine according to
in which the psyche does not play an active role in life and activity
and is only an excess product of material (physiological)
ical) processes. From the standpoint of materialism, epiphenomenalism
is rejected; the psyche is considered as an active reflection of reality, regulating the process of life.
ERGOGRAPHY 54981691487 – a method of graphic registration
tions of muscular work.
ERGONOMICS 314216819417 – general name of the group
sciences engaged in the comprehensive study of man in action
efficiency of production and optimization of means and conditions
labor. Ergonomics includes the following applied sections:
engineering psychology; psychology, physiology and hygiene
labor; anthropology; some aspects of the organization of scientific labor,
aesthetics of technology, cybernetics, general systems theory, theo-
rii of automatic control, etc. Ergonomics is the closest
is in some way connected with design (artistic design)
em) technology, workplaces, interiors, means and systems of transport-
ports, visual communications, etc.
EREITHOPHOBIA 914317594016 – a type of neurosis, characteristic
pathological fear of blushing in the presence of people.
EROS 648718 819491 is one of the designations of sexual attraction
nal, sexual instinct and life instinct.
EROTICA 694185398717 – sensuality, appeal,
a tendency towards sexual activity, its depiction, etc.
EROTICA ANAL 514185 81949 – erotic sensations
ness associated with irritation of the anus
(anus), which is one of the erogenous zones.
URETHRAL EROTICA 51869131989 – a concept meaning
which is a set of erotic sensations associated with different
irritation of the duct-like organ that connects parts
urinary and reproductive system, - according to psychoanalysis, one
from erogenous zones.
EROTOGRAPHOMANIA 298 714 319814981 – a form of perversion
these are sexual, characterized by the fact that the subject experiences sexual
the excitement and satisfaction of writing love letters.
Named after the Greek god of love.
STANDARD 49851789841 –
1. Model measure for reproduction
generation, storage and transmission of units of measurement with the required or
with the highest possible accuracy.
2. Measure, sample - usually for
comparisons with something.
TOUCH STANDARD 61421851841 is a concept developed
developed within the framework of the theory of formation of perceptual actions.
It means systems of sensory qualities of objects that you
were divided in the course of socio-historical development and then
are offered to the child for assimilation and use as
sensory samples - when examining objects, analyzing them
properties, construction of objects. As such, they can be
look at geometric figures, speech phonemes, etc.
STAGE 619517818917 – a stage in the development of a certain phenomenon,
process.
STAGE OF THE SECOND HALF-YEAR 317418516491 – period
the life of a child between the age of six months and
crisis of the first year. At this time, the activity of the leading
the activity is subject-manipulative, and predominantly
communication with an adult takes place for her needs, which
becomes situational and businesslike. Within the framework of this situational-
Through business communication with an adult, the child acquires cultural skills
recorded actions with objects.
STAGE OF THE FIRST HALF-YEAR 614514814217 – period
a child's life between birth and six months of age.
of a mature age. At this stage, the child acquires
with expressive and mimic means of communication, which
manifest as a revitalization complex. At this time,
a system of affective-personal connections with close adults,
required for normal further development. Also develop-
cognitive activity is carried out, within the framework of which the child
masters visual, oral and manual cognition
actions.
ETHICS 819317018451 – 1. The doctrine of morality as one of
forms of social consciousness - about its essence, role, laws
development. One of the forms of ideology. 2. A set, a system
norms of moral behavior of an individual, a social
or professional group.
NORMATIVE ETHICS 979 074 319 18 – philosophical
the doctrine of proper conduct. A therapeutic attempt, an effort
by means of the command of the Super-Ego to achieve what has not yet been achieved
it was necessary to achieve other cultural efforts, first of all –
elimination of the constitutional tendency towards aggression.
ETIOLOGY 164851319714 – a section of medicine devoted to
dedicated to the study of the causes and conditions of occurrence of diseases.
ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY 914871 829631 – interdisciplinary
a branch of knowledge that studies and develops:
1) the peculiarities of the psyche of people of different nations and cultures;
2) problems of national character;
3) problems of national characteristics of worldview;
4) problems of national characteristics of relations;
5) patterns of formation and functions of self-awareness
national, ethnic stereotypes;
6) patterns of community formation, etc.
ETOGRAM 918671419016 – recorded observation
for the behavior of animals, which takes into account all possible
fractionalities.
ETHOLOGY 398571489671 – the science of animal behavior,
"behavioral biology", on the general biological foundations and laws
dimensions of animal behavior. Considers the relationship
innate behavior, instinctive and environmental influences. One
from the authoritative directions of modern biology, spread
applies its principles to humans; research by ethologists
are also of direct interest to zoopsychology (sometimes even
is considered as a variant of zoopsychology).
AUTOKINETIC EFFECT 4 891 49 91 – illusory-
the apparent movement of an actually stationary object –
for example, a luminous point in the dark during prolonged fixation
on it the gaze - in the absence of other visible objects.
AUDIENCE EFFECT 719 61431981 – the presence of the public
ki, even passive, in itself affects the speed of learning
the subject or to perform the task. During training,
the presence of spectators rather confuses the subject, but if the decision
mastered or in cases where physical effort is required,
the presence of an audience makes things easier.
BARNUM EFFECT 694 918517 – named after Barnum
the tendency of people to accept descriptions or
general assessments of one's personality, if they are presented under scientific
with a special, magical or ritual sauce.
BOOMERANG EFFECT 901 498648 21 498 – consists in the fact that
that with certain impacts of the information source on the auditory
or individuals, the result is the opposite of what was expected.
given; observed mainly in the psychology of propaganda
dy and pedagogical psychology. As a rule, it arises, if
whether: 1) trust in the source of information is undermined; 2) the transmission
the information received has been monotonous for a long time,
inappropriate to changed conditions; 3) the subject transferred
the information that is given causes hostility in those who receive it
information, etc.
FIRST IMPRESSION EFFECT 601 9485149879514
– is expressed in the fact that very often when evaluating a certain person
century or his character traits, the greatest importance is given to the first
impression. It gets to the point that all subsequent
information about him that contradicts the created image is discarded
are considered random and uncharacteristic.
EFFECT OF UNFINISHED ACTION
104 98131561859614 (Zeigarnik effect) is a phenomenon characterized by
the detrimental effect of interruptions in activity on memory processes.
The effect of an unfinished action depends on many variables.
1) from the age of the subjects; 2) from the ratio of the number of completed
completed tasks to the number of unfinished ones; 3) from the time of solution
each task; 4) from the relative difficulty of the tasks; 5) from the relative
the subject's decision to interrupt the activity; 6) from his interest in completing the task, etc.
EDGE EFFECT 581498591361 is a phenomenon that consists in the fact that
that from the memorized material arranged in a row, the elements,
those located at the beginning and end are remembered faster than those located
those in the middle.
RECENTITY EFFECT 698517 819314 (novelty effect)
- increasing the probability of recalling the last elements
of the material arranged in a row compared to the average elements
ments of a number. Studied in the context of memory research,
processes of learning and social perception. It has been established that the effect
the effect of recency does not depend on the length of the remembered series and the tem-
on its presentation, but on the nature of the activity performed
immediately after the presentation of the series: if the task is to detect a signal, then it is retained; if a verbal task is being solved, then it is absent.
HALO EFFECT 581398798491 – general distribution
evaluative impression of a person on the perception of his actions
and personal qualities (under conditions of information deficiency).
what, the first impression of a person determines his subsequent
perception and evaluation, passing into the consciousness of the perceiver
only what corresponds to the first impression, and filtering out
contradictory.
PRIMITY EFFECT 948217598641 – higher
the probability of recalling the first few elements of a location
of the material laid in a row compared to the average elements-
mi. Studied in the context of research on memory, processes
learning and social perception.
PYGMALION EFFECT 516481489 813 (Rosent effect-
la) - is associated with the expectations of the experimenter. When he is deeply
I am convinced that the subjects' reactions will change, then, even with his
in an effort to maintain objectivity, there is a very high probability that
that he will somehow involuntarily and imperceptibly convey his expectations to the
tortured, and this may influence their behavior.
PLACEBO EFFECT 019894 514871 (placebo effect) – due to
change in physiological or psychological state
subject, caused by taking a placebo. Shows psychothera-
the therapeutic effect of the very fact of taking the medicine and applying it
occurs when it is necessary to establish the degree of participation of suggestion in the treatment
the effect of the new drug.
PURKINJE EFFECT 498714319471 – shift of the spec-
tral sensitivity of the eye during the transition from vision
daytime, for which the maximum corresponds to the wavelength of yellow
to green tones (555 nm), to twilight vision, for which
the maximum corresponds to bluish-green tones (500 nm).
this is why, in twilight lighting, the colors of objects become colder:
red and yellow shades become duller, and blue and green
nye - brighter.
RANSCHBURG EFFECT 914831519478 – a special case
interference in memory, studied by a Hungarian psychologist
P. Ranschburg. Characterized by difficulties in memorization, age-
melting as the similarity of the material being learned increases
material already known.
SUPERADDITIVE EFFECT 109489594714 – result-
the stat of group activity, higher quantitatively and cata-
qualitatively compared to individual work. Occurs in
a small group when its level of development approaches that of a collective
vu - due to a clearer division of responsibilities, coordination
nations of action and the establishment of good business and personal relationships
relationships between employees.
STYLES-CRAWFORD EFFECT 548491498671 – pheno-
me differences in the subjective brightness of light that has the same
the same intensity, depending on the angle at which it hits
the central fovea of the retina. Light is perceived as brighter
cue, if it passes through the center of the pupil, and less bright if it passes through its peripheral parts.
THE EFFECT OF THE LEFT EAR 51818671849 – is that
Right-handed people have a greater volume and accuracy of reproduction of non-speech
stimuli are achieved when presented to the left ear.
THE EFFECT OF THE RIGHT EAR 91849431981 – is that
left-handers have a greater volume and accuracy of stimulus reproduction
speech is achieved when they are presented to the right ear.
HAWTHORNE EFFECT 109946894182 – if the subjects
the hypothesis accepted by the experimenter is known, then it is quite probable
but that they will involuntarily or intentionally behave accordingly
according to the expectations of the experimenter. In general, only one
participation in the experiment has such an effect on the subjects,
that very often they behave in the way that the experimenters expect them to
mentors. A special case of the Hawthorne effect is the placebo effect.
To eliminate the Hawthorne effect, it is enough to keep the test
those kept in ignorance of the accepted hypotheses and to give them instructions
tions in as indifferent a tone as possible.
EFFICIENCY 59867139874 – the ability to produce
to have a certain effect, effectiveness; measure of what is produced
effect.
EFFECTOR 5981 648917 – organs or organ systems, re-
reacting (through neurohumoral mechanisms) to
the action of external or internal stimuli and acting
acting as the executive link of the reflex act. For example,
measures, the circular muscle of the iris, which contracts under the influence of light
The optic nerve is the effector of the pupillary reflex.
EFFERENT 184374298671 (effector) – character-
ristics of the centrifugal processes of nervous excitation - their
direction along the nervous system from the center to the periphery - from
the central nervous system, in particular the brain,
periphery of the body.
ECHOLALIUM 8914549317 – uncontrolled automatic
repetition of words heard in someone else's speech. Observed in
children and adults with certain mental illnesses (shi-
zophrenia, damage to the frontal lobes of the brain, etc.), but
sometimes occurs in normally developing children as one
from the early stages of speech development and formation.
ECHOPRAXIA 401964898517 – uncontrolled imitation
tive, automatic repetition of movements and actions of others
of other people. It can manifest itself in various forms; most often
the patient repeats relatively simple movements,
before his eyes, for example, raising a hand, clapping
palms, etc. Observed in schizophrenia, damage to the lobes
frontal brain, organic diseases of the brain. One
One of the forms of echopraxia is echolalia.
_Yu_
YOUTH 981492581478 – the period of human development, corresponding to
responsible for the transition from adolescence to independence
active adult life.
_I_
I (ego) 198 294897397 – the sphere of personality, characteristic of the inner
early awareness of oneself and the implementation of adaptive
personality to reality. The result of a person’s selection of sa-
myself from the environment, allowing me to feel myself as a subject
their physical and mental states, actions and processes
owls, to experience their integrity and identity with themselves
myself - in relation to the past, present and future. I for-
is at peace in activities and communication.
I-BORDER 168971484549 (boundaries of the I) – psychoanalytic
a concept expressing the degree of accessibility to consciousness of the
actions external to it. The following are distinguished:
1) Internal I-boundaries – separate consciousness and the unconscious
telno, preventing the breakthrough of threatening elements into consciousness
unconscious; can be destroyed under hypnosis;
2) External I-boundaries – perform the function of control over
information coming through the senses from the outside world,
allowing it to be assessed in accordance with the reality principle;
their destruction, objects of perception acquire the features of the unreal-
and bizarre, which is characteristic of the state of derealization.
I-IDEAL 188317498 841 – one of the designations and function
spheres of personality, acting as the heir to the Oedipus complex and
the expression of the most powerful movements of the Id and the destinies of its libido.
This term is used in psychoanalysis as a synonym for the Superego.
I-CONCEPT 164801489516 – relatively stable,
more or less conscious, experienced as a unique system of ideas of the individual about himself, on the basis of which he builds interactions with other people and relates to himself.
A holistic, though not devoid of internal contradictions, image
one's own self, acting as an attitude towards
to myself.
I-LIBIDO 109518489485 (narcissistic libido) – libido
before, taken away from objects and returned to the Self. It looks like a big
a reservoir from which attachments to objects are poured out and into which they return again. Sometimes identified with the drive for self-preservation. When directed toward a sexual object, it becomes a libido object.
PHENOMENON 918548319714 -1. Arrival, appearance. 2. Origination.
novation, beginning. 3. That in which the essence is expressed, revealed.
nost. 4. Any manifestation of something; event, chance.
MASSIVE PHENOMENON 984317219617 (massive
mental phenomena) – socio-psychological phenomena that arise
repentant in human masses (group, crowd, population, nation
etc.). Coinciding assessments and attitudes, accepted stereotypes and
instilled patterns of behavior associated with more or less the same
the mental states of people that are experienced at the same time,
as a result of communications in large groups. These include
various types of crowd behavior, mass hysteria and panic
ka mass, rumors, fashion, imitation, infection, suggestion and
etc., as well as the socio-psychological characteristics of peoples,
public sentiment, public opinion, etc.
MENTAL PHENOMENON 81849131942 – subjective
experiences or elements of the subject's internal experience.
SUBJECTIVE PHENOMENON 19891898161 – their fundamental-
The primary property is direct representation to the subject.
This means that a person not only feels, thinks, remembers
knows, desires, but also knows that he knows, that he feels, thinks and pro-
what; not only strives, hesitates, or makes decisions, but
and knows about these aspirations, hesitations, etc.
ANXIETY PHENOMENON 648581498717 (anxiety phenomena)
(of the series) is a concept used to describe changes in emotional states.
nal with increasing anxiety. With relatively in-
a high degree of anxiety causes feelings of internal
tension, alertness, discomfort. After this,
the state of increased sensitivity is replaced by a state
internal tension, irritability, when previously
neutral stimuli become significant and colored
negative emotions.
CORE OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF FEELINGS 504917 319648 –
concept means intentional representations that serve as a basis on which various corresponding emotional states are superimposed. Reproduction of these representations entails reproduction of the entire range of emotions associated with them.
LANGUAGE 5843718986419 – a system of signs that serves as a means
human communication, mental activity, way
expressions of self-awareness of the individual, transmission from generation to generation
generation and storage of information. Language is the carrier of social
consciousness. Language exists and is realized through speech.
CLAIRVOYANCE 818 8849482167 – gaining knowledge about the
which events without the use of known sense organs
or logical judgments.
BLACK BOX 101408 094851 – model description, based on
bathroom on the comparison of the observed reactions of the object to
external influences when abstracted from the analysis of its internal structure. Simply put, this is the name given to any object, living or nonliving, considered as something "opaque": it and its internal content can be judged only by exerting certain influences on it (by sending signals to the input of the "box") and observing its reaction (by reading signals from the output of the "box").